Análise experimental no túnel de vento dos processos de difusão de gases poluentes na atmosfera

The objective of this work is the study of atmospheric pollutants dispersion problems in wind tunnels. The use of a reduced scale model provides the ability to analyze the process of dispersion in complex models. It also allows the study of different situations and alternatives in the source design. The wind tunnel pollutants dispersion simulation requires two sets of similarity criteria; the first established that the wind tunnel flow must be similar to natural wind in the atmospheric boundary layer, and the second, that the model source characteristics must be similar to prototype. In this work, the similarity criteria of the atmospheric flow and the emission source are studied to reproduce dispersion processes and develop a first approach to the experimental study of this phenomenon. Firstly, the results of a visualization dispersion process test performed at the wind tunnel of the Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, using smoke as a tracer and considering three operation velocities are presented. The study of the plume evolution was made by image digital processing and the plume rise is also discussed by comparison of measurements with theoretical values. Finally, preliminary experiments results are presented to evaluate concentration field from an isolated point emission source using a light gas and reduced scale model.Keywords: atmospheric dispersion, similarity, wind tunnel.O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo de problemas de dispersão de poluentes na atmosfera em túneis de vento. A utilização de um modelo em escala reduzida fornece a capacidade de analisar o processo de dispersão em situações complexas. Também permite a avaliação de diferentes alternativas para o projeto da fonte de emissão. A simulação do processo de dispersão de poluentes no túnel de vento requer dois conjuntos de critérios de similaridade, o primeiro estabelece que o escoamento no interior do túnel de vento deve ser semelhante ao vento natural na camada limite atmosférica, e o segundo que as características da fonte no modelo devem ser semelhantes às do protótipo. Neste trabalho, são estudados os critérios de semelhança do escoamento atmosférico e a fonte de emissão para reproduzir o processo de dispersão, e fazer uma primeira abordagem ao estudo experimental deste fenômeno. Na primeira parte, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo de visualização de um processo de dispersão realizado no túnel de vento da Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, utilizando fumaça e considerando três velocidades de operação. O estudo da evolução da pluma simulada foi realizado a partir do processamento digital de imagens obtidas durante o teste. Analisa-se também a elevação da pluma comparando as medições com valores teóricos. Finalmente, são apresentados resultados de medições preliminares de experimentos para avaliar o campo de concentração de uma emissão de gás muito leve, utilizando um modelo em escala reduzida.Palavras-chave: dispersão atmosférica, semelhança, túnel de vento

Flow in the wake of wind turbines : turbulance spectral analysis by wind tunnel test

The interaction between the incident wind and wind turbines in a wind farm causes mean velocity deficit and increased levels of turbulence in the wake. The turbulent flow is characterized by the superposition of wind turbine wakes. In this work, the technique of turbulence spectral evaluation for reduced scale models in a boundary layer wind tunnel is presented, and different measurements of velocity fluctuations are analysed. The results allow evaluating the spectrum for different frequency ranges and the differences of the spectral behaviour between the incident wind and the turbine wake flow

Estudio experimental del campo de velocidades del viento en torno al modelo reducido de una vivienda

Este trabajo trata del relevamiento experimental del campo de velocidades del escurrimiento alrededor de una vivienda, baja, aislada y cerrada. El análisis se realiza utilizando un túnel de viento de pequeñas dimensiones sobre un modelo reducido construido con una escala 1/40 con relación a la vivienda. Se utilizó un flujo turbulento con distribución uniforme de velocidades medias del orden de los 16 m/s en la zona de ensayo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten caracterizar el campo de velocidades y la turbulencia para condiciones estacionarias, permitiendo identificar zonas con fenómenos aerodinámicos característicos que se generan en las inmediaciones de este tipo de estructuras (bajas y con aristas vivas). De esta manera se realizó la caracterización en diversos sectores, cercanos al recinto, de la componente longitudinal de altas frecuencias de las fluctuaciones de velocidad del escurrimiento medio (espectro micrometeorológico), pero debe advertirse que estos resultados no consideran las variaciones de las componentes de baja frecuencia (medias horarias, etc.).This work is about the experimental measurement of the velocities field of the flow surrounding an isolated, cladding low-rise house. The analysis is performed on a reduced model built in a scale of 1/40 in regard with the house using a small wind tunnel. A turbulent flow with uniform mean velocity distribution, which was in an order of 16 m/s, was used in the test section. The obtained results allow characterizing the velocities field and the turbulence for stationary conditions, allowing the identification of areas with characteristic aerodynamic phenomena that are generated in the neighbourhood of this kind of structures (low-rise building with sharp edges). Therefore, it was characterized in each area the high frequency component of the velocity fluctuations (micrometeorology spectrum), though it must be noted that these results do not consider the low frequency variations (hourly means, etc.).Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Estudio experimental del campo de velocidades del viento en torno al modelo reducido de una vivienda

Este trabajo trata del relevamiento experimental del campo de velocidades del escurrimiento alrededor de una vivienda, baja, aislada y cerrada. El análisis se realiza utilizando un túnel de viento de pequeñas dimensiones sobre un modelo reducido construido con una escala 1/40 con relación a la vivienda. Se utilizó un flujo turbulento con distribución uniforme de velocidades medias del orden de los 16 m/s en la zona de ensayo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten caracterizar el campo de velocidades y la turbulencia para condiciones estacionarias, permitiendo identificar zonas con fenómenos aerodinámicos característicos que se generan en las inmediaciones de este tipo de estructuras (bajas y con aristas vivas). De esta manera se realizó la caracterización en diversos sectores, cercanos al recinto, de la componente longitudinal de altas frecuencias de las fluctuaciones de velocidad del escurrimiento medio (espectro micrometeorológico), pero debe advertirse que estos resultados no consideran las variaciones de las componentes de baja frecuencia (medias horarias, etc.).This work is about the experimental measurement of the velocities field of the flow surrounding an isolated, cladding low-rise house. The analysis is performed on a reduced model built in a scale of 1/40 in regard with the house using a small wind tunnel. A turbulent flow with uniform mean velocity distribution, which was in an order of 16 m/s, was used in the test section. The obtained results allow characterizing the velocities field and the turbulence for stationary conditions, allowing the identification of areas with characteristic aerodynamic phenomena that are generated in the neighbourhood of this kind of structures (low-rise building with sharp edges). Therefore, it was characterized in each area the high frequency component of the velocity fluctuations (micrometeorology spectrum), though it must be noted that these results do not consider the low frequency variations (hourly means, etc.).Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Estudio experimental del campo de velocidades del viento en torno al modelo reducido de una vivienda

Este trabajo trata del relevamiento experimental del campo de velocidades del escurrimiento alrededor de una vivienda, baja, aislada y cerrada. El análisis se realiza utilizando un túnel de viento de pequeñas dimensiones sobre un modelo reducido construido con una escala 1/40 con relación a la vivienda. Se utilizó un flujo turbulento con distribución uniforme de velocidades medias del orden de los 16 m/s en la zona de ensayo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten caracterizar el campo de velocidades y la turbulencia para condiciones estacionarias, permitiendo identificar zonas con fenómenos aerodinámicos característicos que se generan en las inmediaciones de este tipo de estructuras (bajas y con aristas vivas). De esta manera se realizó la caracterización en diversos sectores, cercanos al recinto, de la componente longitudinal de altas frecuencias de las fluctuaciones de velocidad del escurrimiento medio (espectro micrometeorológico), pero debe advertirse que estos resultados no consideran las variaciones de las componentes de baja frecuencia (medias horarias, etc.).This work is about the experimental measurement of the velocities field of the flow surrounding an isolated, cladding low-rise house. The analysis is performed on a reduced model built in a scale of 1/40 in regard with the house using a small wind tunnel. A turbulent flow with uniform mean velocity distribution, which was in an order of 16 m/s, was used in the test section. The obtained results allow characterizing the velocities field and the turbulence for stationary conditions, allowing the identification of areas with characteristic aerodynamic phenomena that are generated in the neighbourhood of this kind of structures (low-rise building with sharp edges). Therefore, it was characterized in each area the high frequency component of the velocity fluctuations (micrometeorology spectrum), though it must be noted that these results do not consider the low frequency variations (hourly means, etc.).Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Employing wind tunnel data to evaluate a turbulent spectral model

In this study, spectra obtained from wind tunnel data are compared with a model that describes observed atmospheric neutral spectra. The investigation points out that there is a good conformity between both spectra for the whole turbulent frequency domain. This result is significative since that the spectral model was obtained using only turbulent quantities measured in the planetary boundary layer. This similitude occurring with wind tunnel and atmospheric data furnishes a way to obtain connections between wind tunnel and atmospheric turbulent observations. The results, presented in this analysis, confirm the hypothesis that turbulence parameters observed in wind tunnel, can simulate real wind data measured in atmosphere

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

La enseñanza universitaria

El empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el proceso de enseñanza se ha ido incrementando en los últimos años. Los docentes nos hemos visto en la necesidad de aprender a enseñar empleando estas herramientas con el objeto de complementar los contenidos que se desarrollan en las clases presenciales de manera "tradicional", adaptándonos a una nueva generación de alumnos que demuestran una gran aceptación a lo tecnológico. Los docentes debemos replantearnos las características de los estudiantes que llegan hoy a nuestras aulas y de qué manera podemos favorecer procesos de comprensión, cómo provocar aprendizajes duraderos y recuperar su entusiasmo por aprender (Gladkoff, L. 2016).  En este contexto el empleo de las tecnologías en la educación permite llegar al alumno de diferentes maneras, mejora la comunicación, provee distintos tipos de recursos o materiales de estudio y favorece el trabajo colaborativo. Pero, por otro lado, para que la propuesta docente sea exitosa, exige una gran disponibilidad de tiempo para responder las consultas online de los alumnos, para capacitarse constantemente, y para desarrollar las actividades que resulten atractivas pero a la vez productivas.Se presenta la experiencia obtenida durante los últimos años en la cátedra mecánica de los fluidos de las carreras de Ingeniería mecánica y electromecánica de las carreras de Ingeniería electromecánica y  Mecánica de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, UNNE. El uso de tecnologías en la cátedra se inició con el empleo de las plataformas Moodle y educativa, con el objeto de mejorar la comunicación con los alumnos, organizar las guías de trabajos prácticos y con el transcurso del tiempo se fueron incorporando otros recursos y actividades para complementar los temas que se dictaron en las clases presenciales. Además, dentro del dictado de las clases presenciales se presenta al alumno una Introducción a la Mecánica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics), el empleo de métodos numéricos posibilita una simulación del flujo de fluidos que facilita el análisis y estudios de diferentes fenómenos asociados a la variación del campo de velocidades y de presiones. Demostrando ser una herramienta pedagógica fundamental para que el alumno visualice los procesos que se desarrollan en distintos casos de análisis. La incorporación de las tecnologías en la cátedra se ha realizado de manera gradual, y ha tenido amplia aceptación por parte de los estudiantes que han demostrado interés en el modelo numérico y en el empleo de la plataforma virtual.Fil: Alvarez y Alvarez, Gisela Marina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Adotti, Marcelo Italo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: de Bortoli, Mario Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina1º Congreso de Educación y Tecnologías del MERCOSUR. De la digitalización a la VirtualizaciónCorrientesArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del Nordest

Flow in the wake of wind turbines : turbulance spectral analysis by wind tunnel test

The interaction between the incident wind and wind turbines in a wind farm causes mean velocity deficit and increased levels of turbulence in the wake. The turbulent flow is characterized by the superposition of wind turbine wakes. In this work, the technique of turbulence spectral evaluation for reduced scale models in a boundary layer wind tunnel is presented, and different measurements of velocity fluctuations are analysed. The results allow evaluating the spectrum for different frequency ranges and the differences of the spectral behaviour between the incident wind and the turbine wake flow