Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Contributions of Citric and Citramalic Acids to Rare Earth Bioleaching by a Paecilomyces Fungus.

Conventional methods for extracting rare earth elements from monazite ore require high energy inputs and produce environmentally damaging waste streams. Bioleaching offers a potentially more environmentally friendly alternative extraction process. In order to better understand bioleaching mechanisms, we conducted an exo-metabolomic analysis of a previously isolated rare earth bioleaching fungus from the genus Paecilomyces (GenBank accession numbers KM874779 and KM 874781) to identify contributions of compounds exuded by this fungus to bioleaching activity. Exuded compounds were compared under two growth conditions: growth with monazite ore as the only phosphate source, and growth with a soluble phosphate source (K2HPO4) added. Overall metabolite profiling, in combination with glucose consumption and biomass accumulation data, reflected a lag in growth when this organism was grown with only monazite. We analyzed the relationships between metabolite concentrations, rare earth solubilization, and growth conditions, and identified several metabolites potentially associated with bioleaching. Further investigation using laboratory prepared solutions of 17 of these metabolites indicated statistically significant leaching contributions from both citric and citramalic acids. These contributions (16.4 and 15.0 mg/L total rare earths solubilized) accounted for a portion, but not all, of the leaching achieved with direct bioleaching (42 ± 15 mg/L final rare earth concentration). Additionally, citramalic acid released significantly less of the radioactive element thorium than did citric acid (0.25 ± 0.01 mg/L compared to 1.18 ± 0.01 mg/L), suggesting that citramalic acid may have preferable leaching properties for a monazite bioleaching process

Afatinib use in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

•Genomic tumor testing is an important tool in guiding treatment for gynecologic malignancies.•Targetable mutations may lead to new therapies in gynecologic cancer treatment.•Her2/neu mutations in serous ovarian carcinomas can be targeted with ERBB2 inhibitors.•Afatinib shows promising response rates in lung cancers carrying Her2/neu mutations.•Afatinib may be effective in serous ovarian tumors exhibiting Her2/neu or ERBB2 mutations

Retos educativos emergentes de las mutaciones de la sociedad contemporánea en relación con el saber

El ser humano cuenta en la sociedad contemporánea con una gran variedad de herramientas tecnológicas que le ha permitido mejorar sus canales comunicativos y acceder rápidamente a nuevas y variadas fuentes de conocimiento, como no lo habría podido hacer en otro momento de su historia. Este conocimiento ya no se centraliza en las bibliotecas o academias, ya que se encuentra disperso en el inconmensurable flujo informacional y múltiples formatos electrónicos y digitales. Al no hallarse centralizado ese conocimiento en un territorio determinado, hace que el acceso a la información ya no sea una limitante para que los aprendizajes se den en distintos espacios y con diversos interlocutores. Por lo tanto, surgen en los entornos de formación nuevos retos educativos acordes con estos cambios emergentes

Dime qué biblioteca tienes y te diré qué Alcalde eres: panorama de las bibliotecas municipales de la Región Metropolitana.

Exploratory study on the situation of 40 municipal central libraries of the metropolitan area. It highlights the role of the Chilean government and the participation of mayors in the development of such cultural and civic centers

Bochdalek hernia associated with intestinal malrotation as an incidental finding in an adult patient: case report

Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia, however in adults the clinical presentation and diagnosis is rare. Intestinal malrotation (IM) is a congenital anomaly that results in an alteration in intestinal anatomy secondary to inadequate intestinal rotation, which occurs at the end of the first trimester of embryonic development, some digestive anomalies may be related, such as diaphragmatic hernia, its Diagnosis is made in the neonatal period although it can be diagnosed in older children and adults, debuting with symptoms of intestinal obstruction or being an incidental finding. Below we present a case report of an adult patient with a diagnosis of Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in whom an incidental diagnosis of IM was made, who underwent elective surgery, performing laparoscopic diaphragmatic plasty with favorable results