Elaboración de un plan de evacuación y emergencia del edificio rectorado de una universidad pública en la ciudad de Guayaquil

La elaboración de un plan de evacuación y emergencia del edificio rectorado de una universidad pública ubicada en la ciudad de Guayaquil, tuvo el objetivo principal de especificar los riesgos y vulnerabilidades que se encuentran dentro del edificio, cumpliendo con las normas de protección de los trabajadores para disminuir y prevenir todo tipo de riesgo generado dentro de la institución, cumpliendo con los requerimientos impartidos por las leyes de la República del Ecuador, con el objetivo de cumplir con los requisitos legales, previniendo sanciones de agentes reguladores. Para este proyecto se tuvo presente lo dispuesto en el Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias, de igual forma el Decreto Ejecutivo 2393.The preparation of an evacuation and emergency plan for the rectory building of a public university located in the city of Guayaquil had the main objective of specifying the risks and vulnerabilities that are inside the building, complying with worker protection standards to reduce and prevent all types of risk generated within the institution, complying with the requirements imparted by the laws of the Republic of Ecuador, with the objective of complying with legal requirements, preventing sanctions from regulatory agents. For this project, the provisions of the National Service for Risk and Emergency Management, as well as Executive Decree 2393

Los fantasmas de la enseñanza con la utilización de las tecnologías de la enseñanza: Los nuevos escenarios de los recursos didácticos en el aula.

.  In this article, advances in broader research are presented Technology in Higher Education Teaching: New Scenarios in Pedagogy. The work shows, results of a research that is in a second stage that is the construction of the methodology. Particularly in the process of entering the field. For this reason, there are no instrumental arguments, nor research techniques or subjects to study from a selected sample. However, the aim is to examine a part of the functions of the university which is teaching. The paper addresses some of the empirical arguments of teachers on the use of technologies, as a didactic support that helps to facilitate learning. It also seeks to analyze what are the didactic justifications for the use of technology in schools, particularly in the classroom. The presentation of the work shows some of the different ideas, which influenced for more than 20 years, sometimes even confrontation, to accept the use of new information technologies as a pedagogical tool in the classroom.En este artículo, se exponen los avances de una investigación más amplia La tecnología en la enseñanza de la educación superior: Los nuevos escenarios de la pedagogía. El trabajo muestra, resulta de una investigación que se encuentra en una segunda etapa que es la construcción de la metodología. Particularmente en el proceso de la entrada al campo. Por tal motivo no aparecen argumentos instrumentales, ni técnicas de investigación o sujetos a estudiar de una muestra seleccionada. No obstante, se pretende examinar una parte de las funciones de la universidad que es la docencia. El trabajo aborda algunos de los argumentos empíricos de los maestros sobre el uso de las tecnologías, como apoyo didáctico que ayude a facilitar el aprendizaje. También busca analizar, cuáles son las justificaciones didácticas sobre la utilización de la tecnología en la escuela, en particular en el salón de clases. En la exposición del trabajo se muestran algunas de las diferentes ideas, que influyeron durante más de 20 años, en ocasiones hasta de confrontación, para aceptar el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información como herramienta pedagógica en el aula

Fluid–structure interaction analysis of eccentricity and leaflet rigidity on thrombosis biomarkers in bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements

This work intends to study the effect of aortic annulus eccentricity and leaflet rigidity on the performance, thrombogenic risk and calcification risk in bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements (BAVRs). To address these questions, a two-way immersed fluid–structure interaction (FSI) computational model was implemented in a high-performance computing (HPC) multi-physics simulation software, and validated against a well-known FSI benchmark. The aortic valve bioprosthesis model is qualitatively contrasted against experimental data, showing good agreement in closed and open states. Regarding the performance of BAVRs, the model predicts that increasing eccentricities yield lower geometric orifice areas (GOAs) and higher normalized transvalvular pressure gradients (TPGs) for healthy cardiac outputs during systole, agreeing with in vitro experiments. Regions with peak values of residence time are observed to grow with eccentricity in the sinus of Valsalva, indicating an elevated risk of thrombus formation for eccentric configurations. In addition, the computational model is used to analyze the effect of varying leaflet rigidity on both performance, thrombogenic and calcification risks with applications to tissue-engineered prostheses. For more rigid leaflets it predicts an increase in systolic and diastolic TPGs, and decrease in systolic GOA, which translates to decreased valve performance. The peak shear rate and residence time regions increase with leaflet rigidity, but their volume-averaged values were not significantly affected. Peak solid stresses are also analyzed, and observed to increase with rigidity, elevating risk of valve calcification and structural failure. To the authors' knowledge this is the first computational FSI model to study the effect of eccentricity or leaflet rigidity on thrombogenic biomarkers, providing a novel tool to aid device manufacturers and clinical practitioners.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713673. The research leading to these results has also received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation, with fellowship ID: LCF/BQ/DI18/11660044, and has been co-funded by the project CompBioMed2 (H2020-EU.1.4.1.3. Grant No. 823712)Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The right to adequate food: how the COVID-19 pandemic affected access to food in Mexico and Scotland

BACKGROUND: How people accessed food during the COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by factors such as: losing one’s income; changes in households’ routines and structure; a changed food environment; and the availability of social protection policies. This thesis explored how the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lockdown implemented by the Mexican and the Scottish governments, impacted food and nutrition security, and the right to adequate food, of individuals in these two countries. METHODS: Using a case study methodology (Mexico and Scotland being the cases) with a critical realist ontology, and a contextualist epistemology, I built both cases from three different data sources, considered as studies 1,2 and 3. Study 1 involved a qualitative evidence synthesis of papers that had researched access to food by vulnerable populations using photo-elicitation interviews or focus groups. This review provided insight into how researchers have used photo-elicitation to research food/nutrition (in)security in different settings. Study 2 were online photo-elicitation semi-structured interviews with participants from households, where one or more members lost their jobs in Mexico and Scotland. Study 3 comprised online semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (academia, government and third sector organizations) in both countries. FINDINGS: The findings from the review were used to inform the utilization of the method in the households’ online interviews (study no. 2). It also provided valuable information to validate the findings of studies 2 and 3. In study 2, I interviewed members from 11 households in Mexico (from urban and urban areas) and 7 in Scotland (urban areas). The participants from Scotland experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in a less concerning manner, by showing less vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity at the time of the interviews compared with the ones in Mexico. Social protection policies had an impact on how people in both countries experienced access to food. For example, the furlough scheme, availability of food aid, and a responsive food system contributed to a better experience for the families in Scotland. On the other hand, participants in Mexico, from both rural and urban areas, experienced deep and chronic stress related to the financial constraints. Those living in urban areas reported adaptations to their food-related behaviours to cope with the challenges of accessing food and financial vulnerability. In rural areas of Mexico, despite losing their source of income, the ability to grow their own food provided a sense of security and put an emphasis on the value of land. Fifteen stakeholders (eight Mexican and seven Scottish) were interviewed in study 3. Differences between Mexican and Scotland in terms of their understanding of the right to food and perceptions of the pandemic’s impact were identified. The right to food in Scotland is widely and thoroughly known by stakeholders, as well as in its implications. In Mexico, most stakeholders had heard of it, but did not know all of its components. An association between provision of food and the right to food was highlighted in Mexico, which in Scotland was mostly criticized (food relief system has grown significantly and diverts focus from structural problems). Despite the criticism, in Scotland, food aid was plentiful during the pandemic, and a wide response from third sector organizations to provide food was reported. Stakeholders in Mexico widely referred to important ongoing social issues in the country such as the obesity and diabetes epidemic, poverty, violence associated to drug cartels which they felt amplified the negative impact of the pandemic.   CONCLUSION: Through triangulation of data, it was possible to understand how the pandemic impacted each of the countries regarding food and nutrition security. The impact of the pandemic was different in each country. The COVID-19 pandemic represented a situation that unveiled many of the issues that represented an obstacle for people to achieve food and nutrition security. The findings in this dissertation contribute to the literature on the benefits of social protection measures, as well as the need of strengthening mechanisms and institutions to make the right to adequate food achievable for everyone, with the active participation of the government, third sector organizations, and the private sector

Anxiety, depression and coping in patients with testicular cancer treatment and follow-up period

Introducción: El cáncer de testículo (CT) constituye la neoplasia más común entre los 15 y 39 años. Debido a su incidencia cada vez mayor y a su alta tasa de supervivencia, la literatura se ha centrado en el impacto que puedan tener las secuelas del tratamiento a mediano y a largo plazo. El CT y su asociación con la ansiedad y la depresión constituyen problemas psicológicos frecuentes durante el tratamiento y periodo de seguimiento, en este contexto el afrontamiento ante la enfermedad puede representar un mecanismo de mejor adaptación psicológico. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes en tratamiento y periodo de seguimiento; así como su relación con los diferentes estilos de afrontamiento positivo. Método: 49 pacientes en tratamiento y 84 en periodo de seguimiento del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Se empleo un diseño transversal, no experimental y ex-post-facto. Se utilizaron los Inventarios de Ansiedad de Beck –BAI–, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck –BDI–, y el Instrumento de afrontamiento al estrés de Lazarus y Folkman. Resultados: Se identificaron mayores niveles de ansiedad y depresión en el grupo de pacientes en tratamiento. Se identificó una relación inversamente proporcional entre los estilos de afrontamiento positivos y menores niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Se corrobora la asociación entre los estilos de afrontamiento positivos y niveles bajos de ansiedad y depresión. Se recomienda promover en el paciente con CT afrontamiento positivo durante el tratamiento y periodo de seguimiento.Background: Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy between 15 and 39 years old. Due to the increasing incidence and high survival rate of patients with testicular cancer (CT), literature has focused on the impact that may have the aftermath of medium and long term treatment. The CT and its association with anxiety and depression are common psychological problems, in this context, active coping with this disease may represent a psychological best adaptation mechanism. Objective: To identify and compare the levels of depression and anxiety in patients in treatment and follow-up period; as well as his relationship with positive coping styles. Participants and methods: 49 patients in treatment and follow-up period 84 in the National Cancer Institute follow-up period. It is a transversal, retrospective, not experimental and ex-post-facto. The inventories of Beck Depression –BDI– (1961), the Beck anxiety inventory –BAI– (1988) and the instrument of Lazarus and Folkman (1985) for coping with the stress. Results: Higher levels of anxiety and depression in patients in treatment. If you can identify an inversely proportional relationship between positive coping styles and lower levels of anxious and depressive symptoms in both groups Conclusions: Is confirmed the association between positive coping styles and low levels of depression and anxiety. It is recommended to promote in patients with CT positive coping during treatment and follow-up perio

Duración de la lactancia y desarrollo psicomotor en infantes de un programa de seguimiento

El abandono temprano de la lactancia materna representa un problema de salud pública, por tanto es necesario comprender los factores de riesgo y construir alternativas para fomentarla. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el nivel de desarrollo psicomotor a los 8 y 12 meses de edad, con respecto a la duración de la lactancia materna. Participaron 112 lactantes quiénes cubrieron los requisitos de inclusión. Se formaron dos grupos según el tiempo de lactancia materna predominante: suspensión temprana (hasta tres meses) y lactancia extendida (cuatro y más meses). Los resultados mostraron que 47% de los niños del primer grupo, tuvieron un mejor desarrollo comparados con los del grupo de lactancia extendida, quiénes tuvieron mayor prevalencia de malnutrición. Los datos confirman la necesidad de conducir nuevos estudios que integren otras variables de interés cuya contribución a la promoción de la lactancia exclusiva hasta los seis meses y el desarrollo sean relevantes.The early abandonment of the breastfeeding represents a problem of public health, therefore it is necessary to understand the risk factors and of constructing alternatives to foment it. The objective of the present work is to describe the level of psychomotor development to the 8 and 12 months of age, with respect to the duration of the breastfeeding 112 suckling babies participated that covered the requirements with inclusion. Two groups formed according to the time of predominant breastfeeding: early suspension (up to three months) and extended breastfeeding (four and more months). The results showed that 47% of the children of the first group, had a better development compared with those of the group of extended breastfeeding, who had greater prevalence of malnutrition. The data confirm the necessity to lead new studies that integrate other variables of interest whose contribution to the promotion of the exclusive breastfeeding until the six months and the development, are relevant

Tamizaje de aspectos psico-oncológicos: validación de una lista de chequeo

Objective: Develop and validate a Checklist of psycho-oncologic issues (LC-Psycho-onco) for oncologic patients in treatment. Method: We included 200 patients at the National Cancer Institute (INCAN). The sample collection was for availability during the period of October 2012 to January 2013. Results: An oblique factor analysis presented a three-factor model with 16 indicators and two reagents. The internal consistency of the global scale showed a satisfactory index (α= 0.811). The Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were worth 0.753 and 0.507 which explain 43.81% of the variance. The validity through the correlation with concurrent measures showed significant results (Pearson’s r = .51 to .68, p<0.05). Conclusions: The LC-Psycho-onco showed adequate psychometric properties. Being a brief and easy instrument it is useful for both clinical practice and investigation. It provides a guide for planning psychological interventions.Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar una Lista de Chequeo de aspectos psico- oncológicos (LC-Psico-onco) en pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento médico. Método: Se entrevistó a 200 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCAN). La obtención de la muestra fue por disponibilidad en el periodo comprendido de Octubre de 2012 a Enero de 2013. Resultados: El análisis factorial oblicuo presentó un modelo de tres factores y 2 indicadores con 16 reactivos. La consistencia interna de la escala global mostró un índice satisfactorio (α=0,811). Las alfas de Cronbach de cada subescala tuvieron un valor de 0,753 y 0,507 que explican el 43,81% de la varianza. La validez por correlación con medidas concurrentes mostró resultados significativos (r de Pearson de 0,51 a 0,68, p<0,05). Conclusiones: La LC-Psico-onco presentó adecuadas características psicométricas. Al ser breve y fácil de aplicar tanto en la práctica clínica como en la investigación con población oncológica ofrece una guía en la planeación de evaluaciones exhaustivas y el diseño de un plan de tratamiento psicooncológic