Un abordaje para el modelo exponencial

Coincidimos con la postura que señala que para el aprendizaje de la matemática es indispensable que los alumnos construyan el sentido de los conceptos que trabajan en el aula. La modelización encaminada a resolver problemas propios de la matemática o ajenos a la misma, contribuye a este fin. Para ello les presentamos a los alumnos diferentes problemas en los cuales pueden avanzar con los conocimientos que poseen pero, en algún momento éstos se vuelven insuficientes o poco económicos para completar la resolución. Surge así la necesidad del nuevo concepto como herramienta que permitirá avanzar en forma más eficaz. En este trabajo presentamos una secuencia sobre modelos exponenciales que apunta a ese fin y que ponemos en práctica hace varios años con alumnos de cuarto y quinto año.Sección Exactas.Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

HER2 and ESR1 mRNA expression levels and response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer

Introduction: Recent data suggest that benefit from trastuzumab and chemotherapy might be related to expression of HER2 and estrogen receptor (ESR1). Therefore, we investigated HER2 and ESR1 mRNA levels in core biopsies of HER2-positive breast carcinomas from patients treated within the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro trial. Methods: HER2 levels were centrally analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), silver in-situ hybridization (SISH) and qRT-PCR in 217 pretherapeutic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core biopsies. All tumors had been HER2-positive by local pathology and had been treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab/ chemotherapy in GeparQuattro. Results: Only 73% of the tumors (158 of 217) were centrally HER2-positive (cHER2-positive) by IHC/SISH, with cHER2-positive tumors showing a significantly higher pCR rate (46.8% vs. 20.3%, p<0.0005). HER2 status by qRT-PCR showed a concordance of 88.5% with the central IHC/SISH status, with a low pCR rate in those tumors that were HER2-negative by mRNA analysis (21.1% vs. 49.6%, p<0.0005). The level of HER2 mRNA expression was linked to response rate in ESR1-positive tumors, but not in ESR1-negative tumors. HER2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with pCR in the HER2-positive/ESR1-positive tumors (p=0.004), but not in HER2-positive/ESR1-negative tumors. Conclusions: Only patients with cHER2-positive tumors - irrespective of the method used - have an increased pCR rate with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. In patients with cHER2-negative tumors the pCR rate is comparable to the pCR rate in the non-trastuzumab treated HER-negative population. Response to trastuzumab is correlated to HER2 mRNA levels only in ESR1-positive tumors. This study adds further evidence to the different biology of both subsets within the HER2-positive group

Rough Fibrils Provide a Toughening Mechanism in Biological Fibers

Spider silk is a fascinating natural composite material. Its combination of strength and toughness is unrivalled in nature, and as a result, it has gained considerable interest from the medical, physics, and materials communities. Most of this attention has focused on the one to tens of nanometer scale: predominantly the primary (peptide sequences) and secondary (β sheets, helices, and amorphous domains) structure, with some insights into tertiary structure (the arrangement of these secondary structures) to describe the origins of the mechanical and biological performance. Starting with spider silk, and relating our findings to collagen fibrils, we describe toughening mechanisms at the hundreds of nanometer scale, namely, the fibril morphology and its consequences for mechanical behavior and the dissipation of energy. Under normal conditions, this morphology creates a nonslip fibril kinematics, restricting shearing between fibrils, yet allowing controlled local slipping under high shear stress, dissipating energy without bulk fracturing. This mechanism provides a relatively simple target for biomimicry and, thus, can potentially be used to increase fracture resistance in synthetic materials

Correction to: Cluster identification, selection, and description in Cluster randomized crossover trials: the PREP-IT trials

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article

Un abordaje para el modelo exponencial

Coincidimos con la postura que señala que para el aprendizaje de la matemática es indispensable que los alumnos construyan el sentido de los conceptos que trabajan en el aula. La modelización encaminada a resolver problemas propios de la matemática o ajenos a la misma, contribuye a este fin. Para ello les presentamos a los alumnos diferentes problemas en los cuales pueden avanzar con los conocimientos que poseen pero, en algún momento éstos se vuelven insuficientes o poco económicos para completar la resolución. Surge así la necesidad del nuevo concepto como herramienta que permitirá avanzar en forma más eficaz. En este trabajo presentamos una secuencia sobre modelos exponenciales que apunta a ese fin y que ponemos en práctica hace varios años con alumnos de cuarto y quinto año

Possible usage of the interactive whiteboard when teaching German as a foreign language

TITLE: Possible usage of the interactive whiteboard when teaching German as a foreign language ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with possible usage of the interactive whiteboard when teaching German as a foreign language. The theoretical part focuses on brief introduction of the educational reform currently being introduced in the Czech Republic and the new view of pupils' profiles nowadays. It focuses on the introduction of the interactive whiteboard and the interactive textbook. The practical part deals with teaching German at eight-year Grammar School and Commercial Academy in Stříbro and activities meant for the interactive whiteboard used during this teaching. It also presents the evaluation of the teaching which is based on the results of the research made with method of questionnaires. KEY WORDS: Interactive whiteboard, interactive textbook, new media, teaching German as foreign languag