11 research outputs found
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments, real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform. Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal’s breeding records, the presence of embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Simply Summary: Real-time ultrasonography (RTU) has become an essential diagnostic value when assessing female swine reproduction in either individual or groups of animals. Diagnostic application of RTU is applied throughout most stages of production, including gilt development, breeding, gestation and farrowing. Along with its most common use in on-farm assessment of pregnancy status, RTU is also used to troubleshoot disruptions in reproductive performance such as delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, decreased conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU in female reproduction on commercial swine farms. Abstract: Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments, real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform. Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal's breeding records, the presence of embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations.Peer reviewe
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments, real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform. Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal’s breeding records, the presence of embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments,
real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in
assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually
determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and
mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the
reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common
due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform.
Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various
depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility
for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment
which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily
cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy
determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal’s breeding records, the presence of
embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic
tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation
of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their
echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of
delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions
in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review
aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to
address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments,
real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in
assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually
determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and
mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the
reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common
due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform.
Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various
depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility
for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment
which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily
cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy
determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal’s breeding records, the presence of
embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic
tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation
of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their
echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of
delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions
in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review
aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to
address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations
Principles and Clinical Uses of Real-Time Ultrasonography in Female Swine Reproduction
Within the past 30 years, through ongoing technology and portability developments,
real-time (b-mode) ultrasonography (RTU) has increasingly become a valuable diagnostic tool in
assessing the female reproductive tract in swine. Initially applied in swine production to visually
determine pregnancy status, RTU use has expanded to include assessment of the peri-pubertal and
mature non-pregnant females as well. Transabdominal and transrectal modalities to visualizing the
reproductive tract in swine have been reported with the transabdominal approach more common
due to the fact of its ease of accessibility, animal/personnel safety, and reduced time to perform.
Adjustable frequency transducers are preferred as they allow optimization of image quality at various
depths. If a single transducer frequency must be selected, a 5 MHz probe provides the best versatility
for visualizing the reproductive tract in swine. Other basic requirements for ultrasound equipment
which will be used on commercial swine farms include being light weight and easy to handle, readily
cleanable and disinfectable, long battery-life, and good durability. When using RTU for pregnancy
determination, diagnosis is based upon a combination of the animal’s breeding records, the presence of
embryonic fluid, and, depending upon gestational stage, fetal structures. If RTU is used as a diagnostic
tool in assessing reproductive problems in an individual or a group of animals, sonographic evaluation
of both the uterus and ovaries is performed. Tissues are delineated and assessed based upon their
echogenicity, echotexture, and size. Uses of RTU in clinical practice may include assessment of
delayed puberty, prolonged wean-to-estrus interval, absence of post-weaning estrus, herd disruptions
in conception and farrowing rates, vulval discharge, peripartum and puerperal disorders. This review
aims to provide an overview on principles and clinical uses of RTU with respect to application to
address female reproductive performance issues in commercial swine operations