Contribuição ao estudo da vascularização arterial do nó sinoatrial em bovinos da raça Hereford

The irrigation of the sinus node in Hereford cattle was observed in 50 adults (25 males and 25 females), slaughtered in PeIotas, BR. The results obtained allowed us to come to the following conclusions: 1) The portion occupied by the sinus node is more frequently only by the ramus proximalis atrii sinistri in 49 (98,C% ± 2.0) hearts; 2) The irrigation of the nodal tissue is realized only by the ramus proximalis atrii dextri in 1 (2.0% ± 2.0) piece; 3) arterial anastomoses, in which the vessels responsible for the arterial irrigation of the sinus node were registered 242 times in all the 50 organs: 4) When the sinus node is exclusively nourished by the branches originated from the ramus circunflexus sinister or of the A. coronaria sinistra, or of the A coronaria dextra, there were statistical significant differences between Hereford cattle and Zebu Cross, Holstein or Gir Cattle.A vascularização arterial do nó sinoatrial em bovinos da raça Hereford, foi investigada em 50 corações (25 macacos e 25 fêmeas), adultos, abatidos no Matadouro Ruas, Município de Pelotas, R.5. Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos chegar às seguintes conclusões: 1) a região ocupada pelo nó sinoatrial acha-se irrigada, mais frequentemente, isto é, 49 vezes (98,0% ± 2,0) apenas pelo ramus proximalis atrii sinistri, oriundo do ramus circunflexus sinister 43 vezes (86,0% ± 4,9) ou da A. coronária sinistra 6 vezes (12,0%. ± 4,6); 2) a nutrição do tecido nodal é realizada somente 1 vez (2,0 ± 2,0) exclusivamente pelo ramus proximalis atrii dextri, originada da A. coronária dextra; 3) anastomoses arteriais, de que participam os vasos responsáveis pelo suprimento sanguíneo do citado nó, foram registradas 242 vezes nos 50 corações examinados; 4) na análise dos resultados verificamos que o confronto entre os bovinos da raça Hereford com os azebuados, Holandês preto e branco e Gir, revelou-se estatisticamente significante, ao considerarmos os vasos que, atuantes na vascularização arterial do nó sinoatrial, originam-se exclusivamente do ramus circunflexus sinister ou da A. coronária sinistra, ou da A. coronária dextra

Sobre a posição do ureter no hilo renal de bovinos da raça Hereford

There was studied the position of the emergence of the ureter in the hilus in 30 pairs of kidneys of Hereford cattle. For that, the hilus was divided in quadrants so named: craniolateralis, craniomedialis, caudolateralis and caudomedialis. The results obtained show different sites of emergence, especially in the left kidney.Estudou-se o local de emergência do ureter no hilo renal de 30 bovinos da raça Hereford; para tanto, a região hilar foi dividida em quadrantes, assim designados: cranio lateral, cranio medial, caudolateral e caudomedial. Os resultados mostram variações de localização, particularmente no rim esquerdo

Contribuição ao estudo dos elementos vasculares, arteriais e venosos do hilo renal em bovinos da raça Hereford

Number and distribution of the arteries and veins of the renal hilum in bovines of Hereford breed were studied, after fixation in 10% formaldehyde solution. The arterial branches in the right kidney varied from 3 to 15 and in the left from 3 to 13. The venous roots varied from 4 to 12 in the right kidney and from 3 to 9 in the left. All these vessels were peripherally located.Os autores estudaram o número e a disposição dos vasos arteriais e das raízes venosas do hilo renal em bovinos da raça Hereford. Os rins foram fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, e o método utilizado para a investigação foi o da dissecação. Os ramos arteriais variaram no rim direito de 3 a 15 e, no rim esquerdo, de 3 a 13, enquanto as raízes venosas apareceram em número de 4 a 12 no rim direito e de 3 a 9 no rim esquerdo. Todos os vasos mostraram disposição predominantemente periférica na maioria dos casos

Deviance-related responses along the auditory hierarchy: combined FFR, MLR and MMN evidence

The mismatch negativity (MMN) provides a correlate of automatic auditory discrimination in human auditory cortex that is elicited in response to violation of any acoustic regularity. Recently, deviance-related responses were found at much earlier cortical processing stages as reflected by the middle latency response (MLR) of the auditory evoked potential, and even at the level of the auditory brainstem as reflected by the frequency following response (FFR). However, no study has reported deviance-related responses in the FFR, MLR and long latency response (LLR) concurrently in a single recording protocol. Amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds were presented to healthy human participants in a frequency oddball paradigm to investigate deviance-related responses along the auditory hierarchy in the ranges of FFR, MLR and LLR. AM frequency deviants modulated the FFR, the Na and Nb components of the MLR, and the LLR eliciting the MMN. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to elicit deviance-related responses at three different levels (FFR, MLR and LLR) in one single recording protocol, highlight the involvement of the whole auditory hierarchy in deviance detection and have implications for cognitive and clinical auditory neuroscience. Moreover, the present protocol provides a new research tool into clinical neuroscience so that the functional integrity of the auditory novelty system can now be tested as a whole in a range of clinical populations where the MMN was previously shown to be defectiv

Pesquisa anatômica sobre a ramificação e a disposição das artérias e veias da placenta de bovinos azebuados

The branching and the arrangement of the placental arteries and veins of 20 Nelore bovines were studied. An anastomosies between the 2 arteries in the funiculus umbilicalis appeared in 75% of the cases (70% single and 5% double). The types of vasculo-cotyledonary distribution were based on the arrangements of arteries and veins and on their relationship with thecotyledons. A cotyledon supplied by a single artery is drained by multiple veins, and in a few cases the arteries and veins supplied and drained, respectively, cotyledons of the pregnant and non-pregnant uterine horns.A ramificação e a disposição das artérias e veias placentárias foram estudadas em 20 vacas da raça Nelore. Uma anastomose entre as duas artérias do funículo umbilical aparece em 75% dos casos (70% única e 5% dupla). Os tipos de distribuição i/ásculo-cotiledonário foram baseados nos arranjos das artérias e veias nas suas relações com os cotilédones. Um cotilédone suprido por uma única artéria é drenado por múltiplas veias e, em poucos casos, as artérias e veias suprem e drenam respectivamente cotilédones dos cornos uterinos gestante e não gestante

Desenvolupament transversal de la competència informacional al segon semestre del Grau de Psicologia.

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Buscar, seleccionar i gestionar informació especialitzada de manera estratègica, fent ús de diferents tecnologies i fonts d'informació és una de les competències transversals de la UB. Cinc assignatures del segon semestre de Psicologia van elaborar un pla d’actuació per treballar-la coordinadament. Els estudiants que van seguir aquesta formació van obtenir notables resultats quan s'enfrontaven a exercicis pràctics específics (identificació de paraules clau o factors d'impacte), però van mostrar mancances a l’hora de resoldre tasques que requerien la cerca avançada, l’ús de l'estil APA, la identificació de títols de revistes científiques o el coneixement global dels usos i recursos d'informació. No obstant, els estudiants que van rebre la formació van ser lleugerament més competents que els seus companys de darrer curs del grau (que no havien rebut aquesta formació coordinada, però que se'ls hi suposa experiència en cerca documental, atesa les demandes de les diferents assignatures que han cursat). D’altra banda, l'avaluació de la competència informacional no va resultar independent de la resta de competències avaluades ja que va correlacionar positivament, tant en la tasca de defensa oral, com en la puntuació de l'examen final de continguts bàsics de l'assignatura (valors rxy entre 0,09 i 0,18).Buscar, seleccionar i gestionar informació especialitzada de manera estratègica, fent ús de diferents tecnologies i fonts d'informació és una de les competències transversals de la UB. Cinc assignatures del segon semestre de Psicologia van elaborar un pla d’actuació per treballar-la coordinadament. Els estudiants que van seguir aquesta formació van obtenir notables resultats quan s'enfrontaven a exercicis pràctics específics (identificació de paraules clau o factors d'impacte), però van mostrar mancances a l’hora de resoldre tasques que requerien la cerca avançada, l’ús de l'estil APA, la identificació de títols de revistes científiques o el coneixement global dels usos i recursos d'informació. No obstant, els estudiants que van rebre la formació van ser lleugerament més competents que els seus companys de darrer curs del grau (que no havien rebut aquesta formació coordinada, però que se'ls hi suposa experiència en cerca documental, atesa les demandes de les diferents assignatures que han cursat). D’altra banda, l'avaluació de la competència informacional no va resultar independent de la resta de competències avaluades ja que va correlacionar positivament, tant en la tasca de defensa oral, com en la puntuació de l'examen final de continguts bàsics de l'assignatura (valors rxy entre 0,09 i 0,18)

Fast Detection of Unexpected Sound Intensity Decrements as Revealed by Human Evoked Potentials

The detection of deviant sounds is a crucial function of the auditory system and is reflected by the automatically elicited mismatch negativity (MMN), an auditory evoked potential at 100 to 250 ms from stimulus onset. It has recently been shown that rarely occurring frequency and location deviants in an oddball paradigm trigger a more negative response than standard sounds at very early latencies in the middle latency response of the human auditory evoked potential. This fast and early ability of the auditory system is corroborated by the finding of neurons in the animal auditory cortex and subcortical structures, which restore their adapted responsiveness to standard sounds, when a rare change in a sound feature occurs. In this study, we investigated whether the detection of intensity deviants is also reflected at shorter latencies than those of the MMN. Auditory evoked potentials in response to click sounds were analyzed regarding the auditory brain stem response, the middle latency response (MLR) and the MMN. Rare stimuli with a lower intensity level than standard stimuli elicited (in addition to an MMN) a more negative potential in the MLR at the transition from the Na to the Pa component at circa 24 ms from stimulus onset. This finding, together with the studies about frequency and location changes, suggests that the early automatic detection of deviant sounds in an oddball paradigm is a general property of the auditory system

Auditory event-related potentials

Auditory event related potentials are electric potentials (AERP, AEP) and magnetic fields (AEF) generated by the synchronous activity of large neural populations in the brain, which are time-locked to some actual or expected sound event