Machine Learning Klasifikasi Penyakit Jiwa Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor Berbasis Web

Gangguan jiwa merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dapat berdampak signifikan terhadap kehidupan individu jika tidak terdiagnosis dan ditangani dengan baik. Untuk mendukung deteksi dini dan mempermudah proses klasifikasi penyakit jiwa, penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem berbasis K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) yang diimplementasikan dalam aplikasi berbasis web. Dataset yang digunakan diperoleh dari Rumah Sakit Jiwa Aceh dengan total 564 data pasien, yang mencakup gejala seperti kecemasan, penyakit persepsi, serta tingkat keparahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Proses klasifikasi dilakukan melalui serangkaian tahapan, termasuk pembersihan data, normalisasi, pemilihan parameter optimal, dan evaluasi model. Dengan K=10 model diuji menggunakan confusion matrix untuk mengukur performa dengan metrik akurasi, presisi, recall, dan F1-score, yang menghasilkan nilai 100% untuk semua kategori penyakit jiwa yang diklasifikasikan, yaitu Depresi Berat, Depresi Ringan, Skizofrenia Paranoid, dan Skizofrenia Hebefrenik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode KNN dapat digunakan secara efektif dalam mendiagnosis penyakit jiwa berdasarkan gejala yang diberikan. Selain itu, implementasi berbasis web memungkinkan akses lebih luas bagi tenaga medis dan masyarakat dalam melakukan klasifikasi awal tanpa harus bergantung sepenuhnya pada diagnosis manual. Dengan hasil yang akurat dan sistem yang responsif, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan mental serta memberikan solusi berbasis teknologi untuk mendukung upaya deteksi dini penyakit jiwa

Singlet Oxygen Generation by Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins Revisited: a Quantitative Structure-property Relationship (QSPR) Study

state followed by formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which is a highly reactive species and mediates various oxidative processes. The design of advanced sensitizers based on porphyrin compounds have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, it is still difficult to predict the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation for a given structure. Our goal was to develop a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for the fast virtual screening and prediction of singlet oxygen quantum yields for pophyrins and metalloporphyrins. We performed QSPR analysis of a dataset containing 32 compounds, including various porphyrins and their analogues (chlorins and bacteriochlorins). Quantum-chemical descriptors were calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT), namely B3LYP and M062X functionals. Three different machine learning methods were used to develop QSPR models: random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR), and multiple linear regression (MLR). The optimal QSPR model «structure – singlet oxygen generation quantum yield» obtained using RFR method demonstrated high determination coefficient for the training set (R2 = 0.949) and the highest predicting ability for the test set (pred_R2 = 0.875). This proves that the developed QSPR method is realiable and can be directly applied in the studies of singlet oxygen generation both for free base porphyrins and their metal complexes. We believe that QSPR approach developed in this study can be useful for the search of new poprhyrin photosensitizers with enhanced singlet oxygen generation ability

A Chebyshev collocation method for solving ordinary linear differential equations with variable coefficients

Differential equations are frequently used to describe continuous-time dynamical system. Not all differential equations can be solved analytically, so several techniques have been developed to find approximate solutions. However, these methods are restricted to certain types of differential equations. Non-homogenous ordinary linear differential equations with variable coefficients are the very general class of ordinary linear differential equations. The intention of this work is to present an integral collocation method by using shifted Chebyshev polynomials of first kind to find an approximate solution of a linear differential equation with variable coefficients. The method starts with writing the highest derivative of the unknown function in a given differential equation as truncated shifted Chebyshev series in analytical form. Then, lower order derivatives and the unknown function are obtained by means of successive integrations and substituted in the given differential equation. Thereby, the equation reduces to an algebraic equation with unknown coefficients. Chebyshev nodes, given initial and or boundary condition values are used as shrewd collocation points to determine the Chebyshev unknown coefficients and integral constants. Three numerical examples with different initial and or boundary conditions are discussed to show the efficacy of the proposed method. An advantage of the method over conventional numerical method is that the solution is in polynomial form. Thus, solution obtained by this method can be used to interpolate other functional value in the domain. Also, it illustrated through the numerical examples presented that when the degree of the approximating polynomial increases, the approximate solution converges to exact solution

Diagnosis of tuberculosis through breath test:A systematic review

Background: Breath tests may diagnose tuberculosis (TB) through detecting specific volatile organic compounds produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the infected host. Methods: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of breath test with electronic-nose and other devices against culture or other tests for TB, we screened multiple databases until January 6, 2019. Findings: We included fourteen studies, with 1715 subjects in the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of electronic-nose were 0.93 (95% to 0.82-0.97) and 0.93 (95% to 0.82-0.97), respectively, and no heterogeneity was found. The sensitivity and specificity of other breath test devices ranged from 0.62 to 1.00, and 0.11 to 0.84, respectively. Interpretation: The low to moderate evidence of these studies shows that breath tests can diagnose TB accurately, however, to give a real-time test result, additional development is needed. Research should also focus on sputum smear negative TB, children, and the positioning of breath testing in the diagnostic work flow. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Pengaruh Keadilan Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja dan Penggunaan Media Sosial terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Sukoharjo

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational justice, job satisfaction and use of social media on employee performance. The sample in this study used a saturated sample, where all populations were sampled. Data analysis in this study used SMART-PLS. The object of this research was conducted at the Office of the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sukoharjo with a population of 102 respondents. The type of data used is primary data whose data is obtained directly from the respondents. The research method used is a questionnaire or interview method. The data analysis used in this research is the outer model testing stage, the inner model testing stage and the hypothesis testing stage. The results of the analysis test in this study show that organizational justice has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-statistic value of 2.309 greater than the t-table value of 1.96 and a probability value of 0.021 less than α (0.05). Then, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-statistic value of 2,539 greater than the t-table value of 1.96 and a probability value of 0.011 less than α (0.05). Finally, the use of social media has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-statistic value of 4.154 greater than the t-table value of 1.96 and a probability value of 0.000 less than α (0.05)

Development of a stabilized trimer pre-fusion RSV F recombinant viral glycoprotein vaccine

It has been known that the RSV fusion protein F is a target vaccine protein to produce a protective immune response. The VRC has shown (Ngwuta, et.al.) through binding competition assays that the amount of pre-fusion site Ø–specific antibodies correlates with neutralizing (NT) activity, whereas the pre/post-fusion site II mAbs does not correlate with neutralization. Our results indicate that RSV NT activity in human sera is primarily derived from pre-F–specific antibodies, and therefore, inducing or boosting NT activity by vaccination will be facilitated by using pre-F antigens that preserve site Ø. Therefore, the instability of the RSV pre-fusion conformation has limited the potential of this as a vaccine antigen. Therefore, the VRC has designed a structurally stabilized glycoprotein pre-fusion RSV F trimer vaccine antigen and has shown it to be highly immunogenic in preclinical studies. A description of challenges in the development of a high productivity CHO cell line, production process and product quality and antigenic characterization assays for Phase I clinical material will be presented along with comparison of pre-clinical results of research to development material. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Peran Metallothionein Terhadap Kemampuan Resistensi Logam Berat Pada Bakteri

Saat ini pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi mencapai tahap yang mengkhawatirkan. Industri merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyumbang polusi dan mengakibatkan pencemaran di dunia. Salah satu polusi berbahaya yang mencemari lingkungan adalah logam berat. Pencemaran logam berat dapat diatasi dengan bioremediasi. Bioremediasi sangat bergantung terhadap bioremediator yang resisten terhadap zat pencemar. Salah satu agen bioremediasi yang memiliki kemampuan khusus terhadap resistensi logam berat adalah bakteri. Bakteri mampu hidup di hampir seluruh jenis lingkungan termasuk di lingkungan yang tercemar. Bakteri yang dapat hidup dan berkembang di lingkungan tercemar memiliki kemampuan khusus yang membuatnya tahan terhadap paparan logam, kemampuan tersebut didukung oleh protein-protein khusus yang dimiliki oleh bakteri.Salah satu protein khusus yang dimiliki bakteri untuk mempertahankan resistensinya terhadap logam berat adalah metallothinein. Metallothionein mampu mengikat logam sehingga tidak logam jadi tidak membahayakan bagi bakteri. Literatur review ini mengkaji mengenai struktur, fungsi, mekanisme metallothionein dalam resistensi terhadap logam berat, mekanisme ekspresi metallothionein oleh bakteri, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi metallothionein oleh bakteri. Literatur review yang dilakukan dengan mencari dan mengolah berbagai jurnal serta penelitian yang ada untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai suatu topik. Hasil literatur review ini adalah terdapat bakteri yang resisten logam berat, terutama bakteri gram positif. Bakteri-bakteri tersebut memiliki tingkat resistensi yang berbeda-beda. Kemunculan bakteri resisten bisa disebabkan oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor lingkungan dan genetik. Lingkungan berperan sebagai environmental pressure yang menyeleksi makhluk hidup yang mampu bertahan hidup. Faktor genetik terjadi karena adanya mutasi bakteri dan transfer gen horizontal. Interaksi antara faktor lingkungan dan faktor genetik yang cocok bisa menentukan resistensi suatu bakteri. Salah satu protein yang berperan dalam resistensi terhadap logam adalah protein metallothionein. Metallothionein adalah protein yang kaya akan asam amino sistein yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengikat ion logam berat. Bakteri yang memproduksi metallothionein memiliki kemampuan resistensi lebih besar terhadap logam berat daripada bakteri yang tidak memproduksi metallothionein. Gugus thiol pada asam amino sistein yang merupakan salah satu asam amino penyusun metallothionein akan mengikat ion logam berat sehingga ion logam terperangkap dan menjadi kurang reaktif. Metallothionein padav Cyanobacteria dikode oleh smt operon. Gen yang bertanggung jawab terhadap ekspresi metallothionein adalah smtB. Saat tidak terdapat ion logam berat, smtB akan terikat dengan operator sehingga RNA polymerase tidak dapat mentranskripsi kodon sehingga metallothionein tidak bisa diproduski. Saat terdapat ion logam berat maka ion logam akan berikatan dengan smtB sehingga konformasi smtB berubah. smtB kemudian akan terlepas sehingga RNA polymerase dapat melakukan transkripsi dan metallothionein bisa diproduksi oleh bakteri. Produksi metallothionein oleh bakteri dapat diinduksi oleh beberapa hal yaitu konsentrasi kontaminan, lama inkubasi, dan jenis metallothionein

A green bio-organic catalyst (taurine) promoted one-pot synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine(TDHPM)-5-carboxanilides: chiral investigations using circular dichroism and validation by computational approaches

Owing to the massive importance of dihydropyrimidine (DHPMs) scaffolds in the pharmaceutical industry and other areas, we developed an effective and sustainable one-pot reaction protocol for the synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-DHPM-5-carboxanilides via the Biginelli-type cyclo-condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, thiourea and various acetoacetanilide derivatives in ethanol at 100 °C. In this protocol, taurine was used as a green and reusable bio-organic catalyst. Twenty-three novel derivatives of (R/S)-TDHPM-5-carboxanilides and their structures were confirmed by various spectroscopy techniques. The aforementioned compounds were synthesized via the formation of one asymmetric centre, one new C–C bond, and two new C–N bonds in the final product. All the newly synthesized compounds were obtained in their racemic form with up to 99% yield. In addition, the separation of the racemic mixture of all the newly synthesized compounds was carried out by chiral HPLC (Prep LC), which provided up to 99.99% purity. The absolute configuration of all the enantiomerically pure isomers was determined using a circular dichroism study and validated by a computational approach. With up to 99% yield of 4d, this one-pot synthetic approach can also be useful for large-scale industrial production. One of the separated isomers (4R)-(+)-4S developed as a single crystal, and it was found that this crystal structure was orthorhombic

A green bio-organic catalyst (taurine) promoted one-pot synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine(TDHPM)-5-carboxanilides: chiral investigations using circular dichroism and validation by computational approaches

Owing to the massive importance of dihydropyrimidine (DHPMs) scaffolds in the pharmaceutical industry and other areas, we developed an effective and sustainable one-pot reaction protocol for the synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-DHPM-5-carboxanilides via the Biginelli-type cyclo-condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, thiourea and various acetoacetanilide derivatives in ethanol at 100 °C. In this protocol, taurine was used as a green and reusable bio-organic catalyst. Twenty-three novel derivatives of (R/S)-TDHPM-5-carboxanilides and their structures were confirmed by various spectroscopy techniques. The aforementioned compounds were synthesized via the formation of one asymmetric centre, one new C–C bond, and two new C–N bonds in the final product. All the newly synthesized compounds were obtained in their racemic form with up to 99% yield. In addition, the separation of the racemic mixture of all the newly synthesized compounds was carried out by chiral HPLC (Prep LC), which provided up to 99.99% purity. The absolute configuration of all the enantiomerically pure isomers was determined using a circular dichroism study and validated by a computational approach. With up to 99% yield of 4d, this one-pot synthetic approach can also be useful for large-scale industrial production. One of the separated isomers (4R)-(+)-4S developed as a single crystal, and it was found that this crystal structure was orthorhombic