El culte a Santa Tecla a la Tarragona del segle XIII: Aspàrrech de la Barca i el frontal de marbre

En l'article s'estudia l'obra que més contribuí a la materialització, consolidació i difusió del culte i devoció a Santa Tecla a la catedral de Tarragona. Es tracta del frontal de marbre situat a l'absis central, on apareixen diverses escenes del martiri de la santa. S'atribueix l'encàrrec de l'obra a l'arquebisbe Aspàrrech de la Barca

The GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes the development of hippocampal dendritic arbors and spines via NCAM

The formation of synaptic connections during nervous system development requires the precise control of dendrite growth and synapse formation. Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFRα1 are expressed in the forebrain, the role of this system in the hippocampus remains unclear. Here, we investigated the consequences of GFRα1 deficiency for the development of hippocampal connections. Analysis of conditional Gfra1 knockout mice shows a reduction in dendritic length and complexity, as well as a decrease in postsynaptic density specializations and in the synaptic localization of postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal neurons. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Finally, in vitro assays revealed that GDNF-GFRα1- induced dendrite growth and spine formation are mediated by NCAM signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex is essential for proper hippocampal circuit development.Fil: Irala, Dolores. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Bonafina, Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Fontanet, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Alsina, Fernando Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Paratcha, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Ledda, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia; Argentin

OCP Effects in Catalan Cliticization

In Catalan, sequences of sibilants are never pronounced as such. In most contexts all varieties coincide in the «strategies» used to avoid these sequences, namely epenthesis or deletion. Variation is only found in the domain of pronominal clitics (but not with other types of clitics). One source of variation is accounted for by decomposing a general constraint into two specific ones, which implies partial constraint reranking. The other source of variation, which involves a case of apparent opacity, is explained through an Output-Output constraint that makes reference to paradigmatic relations.En català les seqüències de sibilants no es pronuncien mai com a tals. En la majoria de contextos totes les varietats coincideixen pel que fa a les «estratègies» que utilitzen per evitar aquestes seqüències, que poden ser l'epèntesi o l'elisió. La variació només es troba en el domini dels clítics pronominals (però no en el d'altres menes de clítics). Una de les fonts de variació s'explica mitjançant la divisió d'una restricció general en dues restriccions més específiques, la qual cosa implica una reordenació parcial de restriccions. L'altra font de variació, que inclou un cas d'opacitat aparent, s'explica mitjançant una restricció del tipus output-output que fa referència a relacions paradigmàtiques

Quantitative identification of dynamical transitions in a semiconductor laser with optical feedback

Identifying transitions to complex dynamical regimes is a fundamental open problem with many practical applications. Semi- conductor lasers with optical feedback are excellent testbeds for studying such transitions, as they can generate a rich variety of output signals. Here we apply three analysis tools to quantify various aspects of the dynamical transitions that occur as the laser pump current increases. These tools allow to quantitatively detect the onset of two different regimes, low-frequency fluctuations and coherence collapse, and can be used for identifying the operating conditions that result in specific dynamical properties of the laser output. These tools can also be valuable for analyzing regime transitions in other complex systems.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Fonologia catalana

L'objectiu d'aquest llibre és presentar una descripció i una anàlisi sistemàtiques dels fenòmens fonològics del català central, encara que també s'hi trobaran referències a altres varietats dialectals. Per a cada un dels temes de la fonologia del català que es tracten, primer es fa una descripció deis fets. A continuació es presnta una anàlisi del fenomen descrit en el model de la fonologia generativa clàssica, seguint bàsicaament les propostes de Chomsky & Halle (1968), amb la incorporació, però, de l'estructura sil·làbica; en alguns casos es valoren altres possibilitats d'anàlisi dins del matelx model. També s'introdueix, en lletra petita, informaCIO complementària. Apareixen en aquest cos de lletra tant descripcions de diversos dialectes com anàlisis alternatives en el marc de l'estructuralisme (en la línia de les propostes d'Alarcos i de Badia) o en teories generativistes més recents (com la fonologla autosegmental o la fonologia mètrica). En les transcripcions es fan servir sempre els símbols de l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI), en la versió del 1993 (corregIda el 1996), que apareix al final d'aquest llibre

Els forns comunals medievals. Espais de servei, de convivència i de discòrdia vilatana

Since 13th century, communal bakery was firmly settled as a feudal monopoly in most of the Catalan population centers. It was a space mainly feminine, where the women were in charge of putting bread on baking, either for domestic use or to sell. The bakery was also one of the main places of coexistence and discord, where quarrels for the bad running of the bakery were, just the daily bread.Since 13th century, communal bakery was firmly settled as a feudal monopoly in most of the Catalan population centers. It was a space mainly feminine, where the women were in charge of putting bread on baking, either for domestic use or to sell. The bakery was also one of the main places of coexistence and discord, where quarrels for the bad running of the bakery were, just the daily bread

Nest structure and notes on the social behavior of Augochlora amphitrite (Schrottky) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

The nesting biology of Augochlora (Augochlora) amphitrite (Schrottky) in a natural reserve in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is described. The species nests in decaying wood. Two types of nest architecture were found, which differed according to the substrate where they were built, either soft or hard wood. Nests in soft wood had the cells grouped in clusters surrounded by a cavity, and the clusters were supported by a varying number of pillars. Nests constructed in decomposing portions of cracks in otherwise hard wood had the cells constructed against the walls, without any pillars or surrounding cavity. Cells of both types of nests were oriented in all directions, without any detectable pattern. Measurements and characteristics of the nests are tabulated and compared to those known for other species of Augochlora s. str. Behavioral observations of active nests are indicative of a social division of tasks in Augochlora amphitrite. Such observations include nests with several females, some of which were never observed outside the nests, females with different degrees of wear and of ovary development, and at least one female that actively collected pollen which had much worn mandibles and wings, and undeveloped ovaries, all characteristics of the worker caste in social halictids.Fil: Dalmazzo, Maria de Los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Roig Alsina, Arturo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Chemorefractory Gastric Cancer: The Evolving Terrain of Third-Line Therapy and Beyond

Gastric cancer; Molecular approach; Third line of treatmentCáncer gástrico; Enfoque molecular; Tercera línea de tratamientoCàncer gàstric; Enfocament molecular; Tercera línia de tractamentGastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (GC) represent a global healthcare problem being the fifth most common tumour type and the fourth cause of cancer mortality. Extremely poor median survival of approximately 10 months is normally reported within advanced GC patients, mainly secondary to two factors, i.e., the fragility of these patients and the aggressiveness of this disease. In this context, the correct treatment of GC patients requires not only a multidisciplinary team with special attention to palliative and nutritional care but also a close follow-up with regular monitoring of disease symptoms and tumour evaluation. Sequential treatment lines with few toxic adverse events have emerged as the best therapeutic approach, and a third line of therapy could further improve survival and quality of life of GC patients. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted agents -when indicated- constitute the treatment armamentarium of these patients. In this review, we discuss treatment options in the refractory setting as well as novel approaches to overcome the poor prognosis of GC

Revision of the species of the New World genus Augochlora (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) occurring in the southern temperate areas of its range

Augochlora is a genus of mainly tropical bees, with few representatives in both North and South American temperateareas. In this contribution we present a taxonomic review of the species with southernmost distribution. Only five speciesoccur in central Argentina and Uruguay, between 30º and 40º south latitude: A. iphigenia Holmberg, A. amphitrite(Schrottky), A. nausicaa (Schrottky), A. phoemonoe (Schrottky) and A. daphnis Smith. The first four species are commonelements in the bee assemblages of the area. The fifth species, from Montevideo, Uruguay, is known from the typespecimen only. Re-descriptions of all species, as well as illustrations, distributional data, and taxonomic keys arepresented. A lectotype is designated for Augochlora iphigenia Holmberg, 1886. Oxystoglossa semiramis Schrottky, 1911,and Halictus brochidens Vachal, 1911, are new synonyms of A. iphigenia Holmberg. Odontochlora thebe Schrottky, 1909,is a new synonym of Odontochlora amphitrite Schrottky, 1909Fil: Dalmazzo, Maria de Los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Roig Alsina, Arturo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentin