Magnetically induced spin-dependent photoemission from p-GaAs(Cs,O) into vacuum

A spin-dependent emission of optically oriented electrons from p-GaAs(Cs,O) into vacuum was experimentally observed in a magnetic field normal to the surface. This phenomenon is explained within the model which takes into account the jump in the electron g factor at the semiconductor-vacuum interface. Due to this jump, the effective electron affinity on the semiconductor surface depends on the mutual direction of optically oriented electron spins and the magnetic field, resulting in the spin-dependent photoemission. It is demonstrated that the observed effect can be used for the determination of spin diffusion length in semiconductors.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, published versio

Controlling the spin orientation of photoexcited electrons by symmetry breaking

We study reflection of optically spin-oriented hot electrons as a means to probe the semiconductor crystal symmetry and its intimate relation with the spin-orbit coupling. The symmetry breaking by reflection manifests itself by tipping the net-spin vector of the photoexcited electrons out of the light propagation direction. The tipping angle and the pointing direction of the net-spin vector are set by the crystal-induced spin precession, momentum alignment and spin-momentum correlation of the initial photoexcited electron population. We examine non-magnetic semiconductor heterostructures and semiconductor/ferromagnet systems and show the unique signatures of these effects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, resubmitte

Kramers-Kronig constrained variational analysis of optical spectra

A universal method of extraction of the complex dielectric function $\epsilon(\omega)=\epsilon_{1}(\omega)+i\epsilon_{2}(\omega)$ from experimentally accessible optical quantities is developed. The central idea is that $\epsilon_{2}(\omega)$ is parameterized independently at each node of a properly chosen anchor frequency mesh, while $\epsilon_{1}(\omega)$ is dynamically coupled to $\epsilon_{2}(\omega)$ by the Kramers-Kronig (KK) transformation. This approach can be regarded as a limiting case of the multi-oscillator fitting of spectra, when the number of oscillators is of the order of the number of experimental points. In the case of the normal-incidence reflectivity from a semi-infinite isotropic sample the new method gives essentially the same result as the conventional KK transformation of reflectivity. In contrast to the conventional approaches, the proposed technique is applicable, without readaptation, to virtually all types of linear-response optical measurements, or arbitrary combinations of measurements, such as reflectivity, transmission, ellipsometry {\it etc.}, done on different types of samples, including thin films and anisotropic crystals.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Self‐consistent modeling of the large‐scale distortions in the geomagnetic field during the 24–27 September 1998 major magnetic storm

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94715/1/jgra17531.pd

Terahertz radiation driven chiral edge currents in graphene

We observe photocurrents induced in single layer graphene samples by illumination of the graphene edges with circularly polarized terahertz radiation at normal incidence. The photocurrent flows along the sample edges and forms a vortex. Its winding direction reverses by switching the light helicity from left- to right-handed. We demonstrate that the photocurrent stems from the sample edges, which reduce the spatial symmetry and result in an asymmetric scattering of carriers driven by the radiation electric field. The developed theory is in a good agreement with the experiment. We show that the edge photocurrents can be applied for determination of the conductivity type and the momentum scattering time of the charge carriers in the graphene edge vicinity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure, additional Supplemental Material (3 pages, 1 figure

Криохирургия очаговых поражений печени

The results of cryosurgical treatment of 339 patients with various focal liver diseases are presented. The experience of using cryosurgical equipment designed and manufactured in the Tomsk Hepatological Center in the surgery of focal liver diseases is analyzed. The application of inventive instruments in the liver resection leads to a decrease in the intraoperative blood loss down to 30- 40% and favors the reduction of backsets, because the cryodestruction of liver stump after resection leads to the destruction of rest parts of parasitic tissue in the surgical zone. The use of cryosurgical techniques lowers the number of deaths down to 4.42%.Представлены результаты лечения 339 больных после криохирургических операций на печени при различных очаговых поражениях этого органа. Проанализирован опыт применения в хирургии очаговых поражений печени оригинальной криохирургической техники, созданной в Томском гепатологическом центре. Применение инструментов оригинальной конструкции во время резекции печени приводит к снижению интраоперационной кровопотери до 30—40%, а также способствует уменьшению количества рецидивов заболевания, поскольку криодеструкция культи печени после резекции ведет к разрушению оставленных участков паразитарной ткани в зоне операции. Использование криохирургических методик позволяет снизить частоту летальных исходов до 4,42%

The Global Burden of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is amongst the world's most dangerous zoonoses. Transmission to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs which are excreted in the faeces of the definitive hosts: foxes and, increasingly, dogs. Transmission can be through contact with the definitive host or indirectly through contamination of food or possibly water with parasite eggs. We made an intensive search of English, Russian, Chinese and other language databases. We targeted data which could give country specific incidence or prevalence of disease and searched for data from every country we believed to be endemic for AE. We also used data from other sources (often unpublished). From this information we were able to make an estimate of the annual global incidence of disease and disease burden using standard techniques for calculation of DALYs. Our studies suggest that AE results in a median of 18,235 cases globally with a burden of 666,433 DALYs per annum. This is the first estimate of the global burden of AE both in terms of global incidence and DALYs and demonstrates the burden of AE is comparable to several diseases in the neglected tropical disease cluster

On effective conductivity of the ionosphere with random irregularities

The influence of stochastic irregularities of the ionosphere on its effective conductivity has been estimated. The study was carried out for large scale inhomogeneities and quasistationary electromagnetic fields. It is found, that Pedersen conductivity sharply increases in a strong geomagnetic field even for small stochastic ionospheric irregularities of the electron density. This peculiarity has to be taken into account during analysis of ionospheric and magnetospheric measurements