Ziya Gökalp’a Göre Kızılelma ve Ceditçilik Hareketi

Bu makalede Ziya Gökalp’ın Kızılelma şiiri çerçevesinde söz konusu kavrama yüklediği anlam, sergilediği yaklaşım incelenmiştir. İdeal mefhumuna büyük önem atfeden Gökalp’ın, Türk milletini içinde bulunduğu krizlerden kurtaracak ideali “Kızılelma” kavramı ile sembolleştirdiği görülmüştür. Onun bu düşünceye yönelmesinde Türk Yurdu Dergisinde ve Türk Ocağında birlikte çalıştığı vaktiyle hem Rusya Müslümanları arasındaki ceditçilik akımının hem de eserin yazıldığı dönemde Türkçülük akımının önde gelen temsilcileri olan Hüseyinzade Ali, Yusuf Akçura ve Ahmed Ağaoğlu gibi aydınların büyük etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Mevcut süreç ve koşulların verdiği ilhamla Kızılelma kavramını anlatan eserinde Gökalp’ın ceditçilik unsurlarını oldukça sık kullandığı görülmüş, bu unsurlar ayrı ayrı tespit edilerek açıklanmıştır. Görülen o dur ki Ziya Gökalp’ın bu eserinde Kızılelma kavramı ile ceditçilik iç içe geçmiştir

Recurrence rate of odontogenic keratocyst treated by enucleation and peripheral ostectomy : retrospective case series with up to 12 years of follow-up

Odontogenic keratocysts have been reported with high recurrence rates in the literature so various treatment modalities from simple enucleation to resection have been performed to achieve the cure. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the recurrence rate of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) treated by enucleation and peripheral ostectomy. An electronic search of the database of the Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, was undertaken to identify patients histologically diagnosed with OKCs treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2001 and 2015. In total, 81 patients were studied. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 42 years, and the male:female ratio was 1:0.7. OKCs were located primarily in the posterior mandibular region (41%). Twenty-seven patients were re-examined to determine the recurrence rate. The mean follow-up period was 5 years (range, 1?12 years). The recurrence rate was 14.8%. The relationship between location of the lesion and recurrence was not statistically significant (p = 0.559). There was also no statistically significant relation between the recurrence rate and treatment option of teeth involved in the lesion (p = 0.579). The authors conclude that treatment of OKCs by enucleation with peripheral ostectomy is associated with minimal morbidity and is preferred over other aggressive treatment modalities. Meticulous radiographic examination and careful surgical resection may decrease the recurrence rate of OKCs

“Hinge” Mitral Valve Repair for Active Valve Endocarditis and Long-term Follow-up Transesophageal Echocardiography Study.

Ciljevi: Liječenje mitralnog zalistka u endokarditisu zalistka izazovna je tema, a rekonstrukcija je poželjnija u odnosu na zamjenu, no često zahtijeva opsežan debridman vegetacije, infi ciranoga tkiva i složenu rekonstrukciju tijekom aktivne faze. Metode: Donosimo prikaz uspješne rekonstrukcije mitralnoga zalistka u pacijenta s aktivnim endokarditisom. Rezultati: Postoperativna ehokardiografi ja nije pokazala regurgitaciju na novoformiranom mitralnom zalistku. Zaključak: Reparacija mitralnoga zalistka perikardijanom zakrpom prvi je izbor liječenja aktivnog endokarditisa, koja je tehnički zahtjevna, no ima zadovoljajuće rezultate. Rekonstrukcija mitralnog zalistka ovom metodom ne samo da podržava otvaranje područja mitralnih komisura, već i potpomaže ponovno uspostavljanje fizilološkoga kretanja mitralnoga zalistka.Aims: Mitral valve treatment in valve endocarditis is currently a challenging issue. Repair is preferred to replacement but it often requires extensive debridement of vegetation and infected tissue as well as complex reconstruction in the active phase. Methods: We report on a successful repair of the mitral valve, as described in the case of active endocarditis. Results: Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated no regurgitation at the newly formed mitral valve. Conclusion: First preference is pericardial repair, a technically difficult procedure but with satisfactory results in mitral repair for active endocarditis. Reconstruction of the mitral commissure with this technique not only supports the opening of the commissural area but also helps regain the physiological motion of the mitral valve

Tümör mikroçevresinde CD8’in yüksek ekspresyonu, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde PD-1 ekspresyonu ve hasta sağkalımı ile ilişkilidir

Objective: The current study assesss programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor expression and CD3, CD4, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and to associate our results with neoadjuvant chemotherapy history and disease prognosis. Materials and Methods: We included cases diagnosed with primary HGSOC with biopsy or surgical resection materials in this study. The immunoreactivity of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD1 was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor tissue. We analyzed TILs in two predetermined groups of high and low TIL. The relationships between clinical characteristics, PD-1, and TIL were assessed. by the χ(2) test or Fisher’s Exact test. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model to the connection between survival and the amounts of TIL, and PD1. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that optimal debulking (p<0.001), early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p=0.046), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.028) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer disease-free survival (DFS), whereas the remaining variables analyzed, including PD-1 positivity, stromal CD3+, and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs, were not correlated with DFS. Also, univariate analysis revealed that optimal debulking (p=0.010), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.021) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer overall survival (OS). Conclusion: Higher scores of stromal CD8+ TILs are substantially correlated with DFS and OS in univariate analyses, whereas scores of stromal CD3+ and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs are not correlated with DFS and OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Also, we found a significant association between PD-1 positivity and the scores of stromal CD3+ TILs and intraepithelial CD8+ TILs. However, no remarkable relationship was revealed between PD-1 positivity and the survival of HGSOC cases.Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde (HGSOC) programlanmış ölüm-1 (PD-1) reseptör ekspresyonunu ve CD3, CD4 ve CD8 tümör infiltre edici lenfositleri (TIL) değerlendirmek ve bulgularımızın neoadjuvan kemoterapi öyküsü ve hastalık prognozu ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Biyopsi veya cerrahi rezeksiyon materyalleri ile primer HGSOC tanısı alan olgular çalışmaya dahil edildi. CD3, CD4, CD8 ve PD1’in immünoreaktivitesi, tümör dokusunda immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. TIL, önceden tanımlanmış iki grup olan düşük ve yüksek TIL grubunda analiz edildi. Klinik özellikler, PD-1 ve TIL arasındaki ilişkiler χ(2) testi veya Fisher’s Exact test ile değerlendirildi. TIL, PD1 ve hayatta kalma arasındaki ilişki için Kaplan-Meier hayatta kalma analizi ve Cox oransal hazard regresyon modeli kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p<0,001), erken Uluslararası Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Federasyonu evresi (p=0,046) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,028) tümünün daha uzun hastalıksız sağkalım (DFS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi; oysa ki kalan değişkenler, PD-1 pozitifliği, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’ler ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’ler dahil olmak üzere, analiz edildiğinde DFS ile korele değildi. Ayrıca, tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p=0,010) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,021) tümünün daha uzun genel sağkalım (OS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koydu. Sonuç: Daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL skorları, tek değişkenli analizde DFS ve OS ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliyken, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları, hem tek değişkenli hem de çok değişkenli analizlerde DFS ve OS ile ilişkili değildi. Ayrıca, PD-1 pozitifliği ile stromal CD3+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Ancak, PD-1 pozitifliği ile HGSOC hastalarının sağkalımı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmedi

Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation

Background: immunosuppressive regimens with the fewest possible toxic effects are desirable for transplant recipients. This study evaluated the efficacy and relative toxic effects of four immunosuppressive regimens. Methods: we randomly assigned 1645 renal-transplant recipients to receive standard-dose cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids, or daclizumab induction, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in combination with low-dose cyclosporine, low-dose tacrolimus, or low-dose sirolimus. The primary end point was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, 12 months after transplantation. Secondary end points included acute rejection and allograft survival. Results: the mean calculated GFR was higher in patients receiving low-dose tacrolimus (65.4 ml per minute) than in the other three groups (range, 56.7 to 59.4 ml per minute). The rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection was lower in patients receiving low-dose tacrolimus (12.3%) than in those receiving standard-dose cyclosporine (25.8%), low-dose cyclosporine (24.0%), or low-dose sirolimus (37.2%). Allograft survival differed significantly among the four groups (P=0.02) and was highest in the low-dose tacrolimus group (94.2%), followed by the low-dose cyclosporine group (93.1%), the standard-dose cyclosporine group (89.3%), and the low-dose sirolimus group (89.3%). Serious adverse events were more common in the low-dose sirolimus group than in the other groups (53.2% vs. a range of 43.4 to 44.3%), although a similar proportion of patients in each group had at least one adverse event during treatment (86.3 to 90.5%). Conclusions: a regimen of daclizumab, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in combination with low-dose tacrolimus may be advantageous for renal function, allograft survival, and acute rejection rates, as compared with regimens containing daclizumab induction plus either low-dose cyclosporine or low-dose sirolimus or with standard-dose cyclosporine without induction