Comparative evidence of different surgical techniques for the management of vertical alveolar ridge defects in terms of complications and efficacy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Aim: To systematically appraise the available evidence on vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) techniques and estimate a treatment-based ranking on the incidence of complications as well as their clinical effectiveness. // Materials and Methods: Searches were conducted in six databases to identify randomized clinical trials comparing VRA techniques up to November 2022. The incidence of complications (primary) and of early, major, surgical and intra-operative complications, vertical bone gain (VBG), marginal bone loss, need for additional grafting, implant success/survival, and patient-reported outcome measures (secondary) were chosen as outcomes. Direct and indirect effects and treatment ranking were estimated using Bayesian pair-wise and network meta-analysis (NMA) models. // Results: Thirty-two trials (761 participants and 943 defects) were included. Five NMA models involving nine treatment groups were created: onlay, inlay, dense-polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium, resorbable membranes, distraction osteogenesis, tissue expansion and short implants. Compared with short implants, statistically significant higher odds ratios of healing complications were confirmed for all groups except those with resorbable membranes (odds ratio 5.4, 95% credible interval 0.92–29.14). The latter group, however, ranked last in clinical VBG. // Conclusions: VRA techniques achieving greater VBG are also associated with higher incidence of healing complications. Guided bone regeneration techniques using non-resorbable membranes yield the most favourable results in relation to VBG and complications

The Saudi Critical Care Society practice guidelines on the management of COVID-19 in the ICU: Therapy section

BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases during the subsequent waves in Saudi Arabia and other countries prompted the Saudi Critical Care Society (SCCS) to put together a panel of experts to issue evidence-based recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: The SCCS COVID-19 panel included 51 experts with expertise in critical care, respirology, infectious disease, epidemiology, emergency medicine, clinical pharmacy, nursing, respiratory therapy, methodology, and health policy. All members completed an electronic conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel addressed 9 questions that are related to the therapy of COVID-19 in the ICU. We identified relevant systematic reviews and clinical trials, then used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach as well as the evidence-to-decision framework (EtD) to assess the quality of evidence and generate recommendations. RESULTS: The SCCS COVID-19 panel issued 12 recommendations on pharmacotherapeutic interventions (immunomodulators, antiviral agents, and anticoagulants) for severe and critical COVID-19, of which 3 were strong recommendations and 9 were weak recommendations. CONCLUSION: The SCCS COVID-19 panel used the GRADE approach to formulate recommendations on therapy for COVID-19 in the ICU. The EtD framework allows adaptation of these recommendations in different contexts. The SCCS guideline committee will update recommendations as new evidence becomes available

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

The Impact of Technology-Based Interventions on Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review

Objective: This article is a systematic review of the impact of technology-based intervention on outcomes related to care providers for those who survived a stroke. Materials and Methods: Literature was identified in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for evidence on technology-based interventions for stroke survivors' caregivers. The search was restricted for all English-language articles from 1970 to February 2015 that implied technology-based interventions. This review included studies that measured the impact of these types of approaches on one or more of the following: depression and any of the following—problem-solving ability, burden, health status, social support, preparedness, and healthcare utilization by care recipient—as secondary outcomes. Telephone or face-to-face counseling sessions were not of interest for this review. The search strategy yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria: two randomized clinical trials and three pilot/preliminary studies, with diverse approaches and designs. Results: Four studies have assessed the primary outcome, two of which reported significant decreases in caregivers' depressive symptoms. Two studies had measured each of the following outcomes—burden, problem-solving ability, health status, and social support—and they revealed no significant differences following the intervention. Only one study assessed caregivers' preparedness and showed improved posttest scores. Healthcare services use by the care recipient was assessed by one study, and the results indicated significant reduction in emergency department visits and hospital re-admissions. Conclusions: Despite various study designs and small sample sizes, available data suggest that an intervention that incorporates a theoretical-based model and is designed to target caregivers as early as possible is a promising strategy. Furthermore, there is a need to incorporate a cost–benefit analysis in future studies

Abstract LB-269: Nutritional effect on CD44 in head and neck cancer

Abstract Head and neck (HN) cancer incidence accounts for more than 550,000 cases annually worldwide, with an estimated of 55,000 Americans developing head and neck cancer each year. There are multiple risk factors associated with HN cancer including smoking, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, genetic predisposition, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease and poor diet. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 35 - 55% of human cancers and approximately 15% of oropharyngeal cancers can be attributed to dietary deficiencies or imbalances. There is convincing evidence that we can reduce the risk of cancer, including that of oral cancer through improved nutrition. CD44 is a cancer stem cell marker associated with HN cancer and poor prognosis. Protein levels in saliva are also associated with HN cancer risk. This study will investigate the relationship between nutritional effect of a balanced diet which includes fruits and vegetables and levels of CD44 and salivary protein. 150 participants diagnosed with HN cancer and 150 controls were frequency matched for tobacco use, alcohol, age, gender, race and socioeconomic status. Participants completed a lifestyle questionnaire which included questions about fruit and vegetable consumption. Oral rinse CD44 and protein levels were measured in both groups. We did a preliminary investigation on the number of servings of juice, salad, fruits, carrots, potato and other vegetables within the cancer case and control groups to determine whether there was an association between these dietary variables and CD44 and protein levels. HN cancer cases who ate salad one or more times per week were found to have significantly lower CD44 levels than those who ate salad less frequently (4.22ng/ml verses 7.09 ng/ml p = 0. 004). Since high CD44 levels are associated with worse prognosis, these findings suggest that dietary factors such as greater salad intake may be associated with better HN cancer prognosis. Citation Format: Turki M. Almuhaimid, Faisal F. Alotaibi, Erika Rearegue, William Goodwin, Elizabeth Franzmann. Nutritional effect on CD44 in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-269</jats:p

Abstract LB-272: Effect of smoking cessation on soluble CD44 levels in head and neck cancer

Abstract In the past year, an estimated 55,070 individuals were diagnosed with head and neck cancer and approximately 12,000 related deaths occurred. This disease is devastating to the patients and families it affects due to its significant impact on swallowing, speech and appearance. Tobacco, the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer, accounts for an estimated 85% of head and neck cancers. Carcinogens found in tobacco smoke induce damage to DNA leading to mutations and DNA strand breaks. When not correctly repaired, overexpression of gene products including CD44, a cancer stem cell marker, occurs. CD44 can be cleaved into a soluble form (solCD44) that is found in body fluids. CD44 levels in oral rinses distinguish head and neck cancer patients from controls with around 62% sensitivity and 88% specificity. CD44 becomes abnormally expressed in dysplasia and elevated levels of solCD44 have been found prior to clinical evidence of disease, in some cases. In this study we investigate changes in solCD44 levels with smoking cessation. 150 smokers from a South Florida community known to be at high-risk for oral cancer were recruited and enrolled in smoking cessation programs. At baseline, questions on smoking status, frequency and history were administered to participants. Oral rinses and saliva samples were also collected to determine levels of solCD44 and cotinine, which was used to confirm quit status, using ELISA assays. One year after enrollment (± 3 weeks), samples and questionnaires were taken again from participants to identify quitters and measure their CD44 levels. Results were then computed and analyzed by paired t-test using SAS University Edition. So far, thirty-seven participants (24.6%) reported quitting smoking but only half of them (n = 13) were confirmed by cotinine (&amp;lt;21). For confirmed quitters, the mean solCD44 dropped from 1.81 (SD = 1.29) prior to quitting to 1.65 (SD = 1.12) one year after enrollment. This association between solCD44 level and smoking cessation was not statistically significant (p = 0.65). Four out of 13 quitters had elevated CD44 levels prior to quitting. Three of 4 with elevated levels experienced drops in their CD44 levels following smoking cessation, including 2 subjects whose CD44 level returned to the normal range. Based on this data, a larger number of quitters and/or an additional time points post quitting are needed as it might reveal more profound results. Such results would be critical, offering smoking cessation as a means for subjects with high levels of CD44 to decrease their risk of progression. Citation Format: Faisal F. Alotaibi, Turki M. Almuhaimid, Erika Reategui, Elizabeth Franzmann, Jarrard Goodwin. Effect of smoking cessation on soluble CD44 levels in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-272. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-272</jats:p

Evaluation of Change in Knowledge and Attitude of Emergency Medicine Residents after Introduction of a Rotation in Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Medicine

Background: Saudi Board of Emergency Medicine (SBEM) graduates are involved in a 1-month rotation in emergency medical services (EMSs) and disaster medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in knowledge and attitude of EM residents after the introduction of the EMS and disaster medicine rotation. Materials and Methods: The study included 32 3rd-year SBEM residents. A pretest/posttest design and a five-point Likert scale were used. The data included a response to a questionnaire developed by EMS and disaster experts. The questionnaire was distributed on the 1st day of the rotation and 45 days after. Satisfaction questionnaires were distributed after the rotation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Twenty-five residents responded to the satisfaction survey (75%). The overall satisfaction with the course modules was high; the course content showed the highest level of satisfaction (96%), and the lowest satisfaction was for the air ambulance ride outs (56%). The results of the pre-/post-test questionnaire showed an increase of 18.5% in the residents mean score (P < 0.001). In the open-ended section, the residents requested that the schedule is distributed before the course start date, to have more field and hands-on experience, and to present actual disaster incidents as discussion cases. The residents were impressed with the organization and diversity of the lectures, and to a lesser extent for the ambulance ride outs and the mass casualty incident drill l. Seventy-one percent indicated that they would recommend this course to other residents. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study showed that a structured course in EMS and disaster medicine had improved knowledge and had an overall high level of satisfaction among the residents of the SBEM. Although overall satisfaction and improvement in knowledge were significant, there are many areas in need of better organization