Energy losses estimation in low voltage smart grids by using loss maps

This paper has been presented at the 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Economics (ICEEE2018).Energy efficiency is one of the most important aspects to consider when planning and operating Smart Grids. Consequently, Distribution Systems Operators (DSOs) are focusing in identifying those activities that will increase the efficiency in their distribution networks. An increase in energy efficiency clearly applies a reduction of energy losses. However, the estimation and the calculation of power losses in distribution networks is a process that has not been solved in a satisfactory way. Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks are characterized by a relevant uncertainty in the topology, grid data (length and sections of cables) and customer connection point or customer demand in real time. In this paper, the process of estimating losses is raised as a feeder losses estimator process, where the LV grid's feeders are classified into representative feeders. For each representative feeder a 'losses map' is obtained which will infer the maximum level of losses in the corresponding feeder for different loads demands by Monte Carlo simulations. These losses maps offer the advantage of providing the maximum losses feeder without it being necessary to execute load flows algorithms. Grid data used in this paper belongs to the networks of the Spanish research project OSIRIS. The OSIRIS project is a demonstration project that join industry and academia to unfold the smart grids know-how aiming an optimal supervision. The project is led by the utility Naturgy (former Gas Natural Fenosa) within a national 'smart meter' roll-out. The architecture and configuration of the OSIRIS's distribution networks are heterogenous involving rural as well as urban areas.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society under the project OSIRIS (RTC-2014-1556-3)

Stochastic Technical Losses Analysis of Smart Grids under Uncertain Demand

This paper has been presented at: 53rd International Universities Power Engineering ConferenceTechnical losses of smart grids can be computed using the customer's smart meter measurements (active and reactive energy) and the energy measurement registered by the Low Voltage (LV) supervisor deployed at secondary substations. However, in some LV networks, some customers do not provide information regarding the energy consumed and produced in real time. This fact complicates the calculation of technical losses because this information is necessary for estimating the load demand for this subset of customers. In this paper, a stochastic approach is proposed for the estimation of technical losses in smart grids under uncertain load demands (e.g., non-telemetered customers and uncertain smart meters readings). Load demand estimation of non-metered customers was performed by means of a top-down approach. Intra-hour load demand profiles of customers were synthetically generated by applying a Markov process. The data and network used in this process corresponded to the roll-out deployed by the Spanish Research and Development (R&D) demonstration project OSIRIS.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society under the project OSIRIS (RTC-2014-1556-3)

Polarization and wavelength agnostic nanophotonic beam splitter

High-performance optical beam splitters are of fundamental importance for the development of advanced silicon photonics integrated circuits. However, due to the high refractive index contrast of the silicon-on-insulator platform, state of the art Si splitters are hampered by trade-offs in bandwidth, polarization dependence and sensitivity to fabrication errors. Here, we present a new strategy that exploits modal engineering in slotted waveguides to overcome these limitations, enabling ultra-wideband polarization-insensitive optical power splitters, with relaxed fabrication tolerances. The proposed splitter relies on a single-mode slot waveguide which is transformed into two strip waveguides by a symmetric taper, yielding equal power splitting. Based on this concept, we experimentally demonstrate -3$\pm$0.5 dB polarization-independent transmission in an unprecedented 390 nm bandwidth (1260 - 1650 nm), even in the presence of waveguide width deviations as large as $\pm$25 nm

Energy losses estimation tool for Low Voltage Smart grids

This paper has been presented at the 25th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2019).The so-called 20-20-20 targets committed to by the European Union drives the need for a more efficient distribution network. The energy efficiency improvement required involves a 20% reduction of the energy consumption compared to the 1990s. For such cutback, Distribution Systems Operators are encouraged to develop the best strategies to identify and reduce power losses in their networks. This task becomes challenging in Low Voltage Distribution networks due to diversity in the feeder's topology configuration, load distribution and the presence of renewable-based distributed generation. In this paper, a clustering-based methodology is proposed as an energy losses tool to support the energy efficiency decision-making process. A feeder's clustering process using the K-means algorithm is carried out upon a customised network characteristics set that was previously reduced to two coordinates by applying Principal Component Analysis. The relationship between power losses and the net energy imported under the different scenarios is obtained for each feeder class identified. The data and network used in this process correspond to the roll-out deployed at the Spanish Smart Grid Demonstration Project (OSIRIS)This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society under the project OSIRIS (RTC-2014-1556-3)

Píldoras de Conocimiento en un Laboratorio General de Química Física

Infografía presentada al congreso USATIC 2018 donde se recoge nuestra experiencia con el uso de píldoras de conocimiento en un laboratorio de Química Física general en el primer curso del Grado en QuímicaDepartamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánic

Anticoagulation

This chapter aims to summarize the most relevant aspects of anticoagulants. Initially, a brief review of the physiology is given in order to understand at which step of coagulation each anticoagulant acts. Later, the main indications and contraindications will be discussed, as well as the considerations that should be taken into account before starting treatment. Finally, the specific characteristics of each type of anticoagulant are developed, starting with vitamin K agonists and continuing with each of the direct oral anticoagulants

Sharp increase of Saharan dust intrusions over the Western Mediterranean and Euro-Atlantic region in winters 2020–2022 and associated atmospheric circulation [Discussion paper]

During the winters of the 2020–2022 period, several intense North African dust intrusions affected Europe. Some of them displayed a duration never recorded before. They were referred to as exceptional by several international operational and research institutions considering that wintertime is the season with minimum dust activity in the Mediterranean and Europe. These anomalous winter events with origin in North Africa largely affected western Mediterranean. The main objective of the present work is to analyse the atmospheric drivers (synoptic and large-scale environments) of wintertime (from January to March) dust events over the region covering North Africa, the Western Mediterranean and the Euro-Atlantic during the period 2003–2022. Overall, our results indicate large interannual variability over the study period. A dust catalogue of dust events identified by aerosols retrievals from satellite and aerosol reanalysis products shows a very irregular record and large differences between winter months. The analyses demonstrate a positive anomaly in dust concentration and maximum altitude during the dust events of 2020–2022 in comparison with those of previous years (2003–2019). Winter dust events over western Mediterranean are associated with enhanced blocking activity over the Euro-Atlantic sector, which favours the obstruction of the westerlies and the occurrence of cut-off lows at subtropical latitudes. However, these high-pressure systems can exhibit a large variety of configurations, including meridional dipole blocking patterns with poleward shifted jets or Mediterranean subtropical ridges with an intensified mid-latitude jet. The former was more frequent during the reference 2003–2019 period, whereas the latter was relatively common during the anomalous 2020–2022 period

Memoria del Derecho y disciplinas jurídicas. Estudios

Esta es una obra colectiva que recoge las contribuciones realizadas en el III Seminario Internacional Memoria del derecho y disciplinas jurídicas (siglos XIX-XX) celebrado los días 25 y 26 de mayo de 2022 en la Sede de Santa María de la Rábida de la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, en Palos de la Frontera, Huelva. En estas páginas se da cuenta de la memoria del jurista, así como de la formación de las disciplinas y enseñanzas jurídicas, durante el largo período que va de la Ley Moyano de Instrucción Pública (1857) hasta Ley de Reforma Universitaria (1983).This work collects the presentations made at the III International Seminar Memory of Law and Legal Disciplines (XIX-XX centuries) held on May 25 and 26, 2022 at the Santa María de la Rábida Campus of the International University of Andalusia, in Palos de la Frontera, Huelva. The following pages discuss the lives of legal scholars as well as the emergence of legal disciplines and legal education in Spain in the period spanning from the Moyano Law of Public Instruction (1857) to the University Reform Law (1983).Esta publicación forma parte de los proyectos de I+D+i PID2019-109351GB-C31 / PID2019-109351GB-C32 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Proyecto “Evolución en la comprensión de la víctima: de la compensación a la reparación”. Acción financiada por la Comunidad de Madrid a través de la línea de “Excelencia del Profesorado Universitario” del Convenio Plurianual con la UC3M (EPUC3M07), en el marco del V PRICIT (V Plan Regional de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica)”.Presentación / Víctor Saucedo (pp. 9-10).-- La represión de los docentes en regímenes despóticos. Purificación-depuración del profesorado universitario a la caída del Trienio Constitucional y en los inicios de la Dictadura Franquista / Clara Álvarez Alonso (pp. 13-106). -- Entre planes y manuales. La enseñanza penal en el siglo XIX en Cuba. / Adrian J. Cabrera Bibilonia (pp. 107-130). -- José María de Porcioles. El regionalismo franquista y la modernización del derecho catalán / Jaume Claret Miranda, Alfons Aragoneses (pp. 131-160). -- Catedráticos y asignaturas de derecho civil: 1847-1868 / Jesús Delgado Echeverría (pp. 161-194). -- El origen de los prolegómenos del derecho en la universidad española (1842) / Alessandra Giuliani (pp. 195-212). -- La lista de Rojas. Protección diplomática de los sefardíes en la Rumanía del Eje (1940-1943) / Dámaso de Lario (pp. 213-260). -- Reforma de la tutela y doctrina civilística (1983) / Elena López Barba (pp. 261-282). -- El CEU, vivero de catedráticos: 1932-1956 / Manuel Martínez Neira (pp. 283-320). -- El derecho mercantil de la Segunda República. Leyes, textos, figuras / Carlos Petit (pp. 321-376). -- El derecho laboral en las aulas de las escuelas sociales: del Ministerio de Trabajo al Ministerio de Educación, un periplo social / Eugenia Torijano (pp. 377-404). -- Los inicios de la escuela del profesor Girón en Valladolid (1945-1970) / Luis Antonio Velasco San Pedro (pp. 405-426

Memoria del Derecho y disciplinas jurídicas. Estudios

This work collects the presentations made at the III International Seminar Memory of Law and Legal Disciplines (XIX-XX centuries) held on May 25 and 26, 2022 at the Santa María de la Rábida Campus of the International University of Andalusia, in Palos de la Frontera, Huelva. The following pages discuss the lives of legal scholars as well as the emergence of legal disciplines and legal education in Spain in the period spanning from the Moyano Law of Public Instruction (1857) to the University Reform Law (1983).PublishedEsta es una obra colectiva que recoge las contribuciones realizadas en el III Seminario Internacional Memoria del derecho y disciplinas jurídicas (siglos XIX-XX) celebrado los días 25 y 26 de mayo de 2022 en la Sede de Santa María de la Rábida de la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, en Palos de la Frontera, Huelva. En estas páginas se da cuenta de la memoria del jurista, así como de la formación de las disciplinas y enseñanzas jurídicas, durante el largo período que va de la Ley Moyano de Instrucción Pública (1857) hasta Ley de Reforma Universitaria (1983)

Determinants and Differences in Satisfaction with the Inhaler Among Patients with Asthma or COPD

Satisfaction with the inhaler is an important determinant of treatment adherence in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have compared these 2 groups to identify the factors associated with satisfaction with the inhaler. To assess and compare satisfaction with the inhaler in patients with asthma or COPD and to determine the variables associated with high inhaler satisfaction. A multicenter, cross-sectional study of 816 patients (406 with asthma and 410 with COPD) was conducted. Satisfaction was assessed with the Feeling of Satisfaction with Inhaler (FSI-10) questionnaire. All participants completed the Test of Adherence to Inhalers and either the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Overall, the asthma group was significantly more satisfied with the inhaler (mean [standard deviation] FSI-10 scores: 44.1 [6.5] vs 42.0 [7.7]; P <.001) and more satisfied on most (7 of 10; 70%) items. Patients with asthma were significantly more satisfied with the inhaler regardless of the adherence level or the type of nonadherence pattern. Younger age, good disease control (ACT ≥20 or CAT ≤10), previous inhaler training, and absence of unwitting nonadherence were all independently and significantly associated with high inhaler satisfaction. Age, disease control, and training in inhalation technique all play a more significant role than the specific diagnosis in explaining satisfaction with the device in patients with asthma and COPD. These findings underscore the need to provide better training and more active monitoring of the inhalation technique to improve patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes