Inovação curricular, formação de professores e melhoria da escola : uma abordagem reflexiva e reconstrutiva sobre a prática da inovação-formação

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (área de conhecimento de Currículo e Tecnologias da Educação Básica)Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um estudo qualitativo, à luz de uma abordagem epistemológica interpretativo/crítica, sobre os processos de inovação curricular na escola primária portuguesa, entendendo estes de forma interligada com os processos de formação de professores e de melhoria da escola como organização. Esta concepção holística da inovação sustenta-se num quadro teórico que cruza conhecimentos provenientes de diferentes domínios das Ciências da Educação, nomeadamente, da Teoria da Formação de Professores, da Teoria do Currículo, da Organização Escolar e da Didáctica. Para isso elaborou-se um modelo compreensivo que interrelaciona o desenvolvimento profissional com o desenvolvimento curricular, o desenvolvimento organizacional e o desenvolvimento e aprendizagem dos alunos, contribuindo, assim, para a promoção da mudança educativa. O questionamento acerca das condições e dos processos através dos quais a inovação e a formação se traduzem em mudanças educativas nos contextos ecológicos, culturais e políticos das escolas, fez com que se escolhesse como objecto de estudo empírico um projecto de inovação curricular — o Projecto PROCUR — que se vem desenvolvendo numa rede de escolas do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, com uma perspectiva metodológica de investigação-acção colaborativa. O estudo de caso deste projecto, enquanto "exemplo em acção", realizado com uma abordagem etnográfica, permitiu, na procura de uma melhor compreensão interpretativa do fenómeno da mudança nas escolas, realçar a sua natureza complexa, dinâmica, multidimensional e ecológica, em que se cruzam uma multiplicidade de factores de ordem política e social, institucional e cultural, curricular, pedagógica, profissional e pessoal. Este estudo veio, assim, questionar as relações problemáticas e complexas entre reforma e inovação, tornando claro que a mudança é possível sempre que se construam determinadas condições nas escolas, que permitam uma prática mais reflexiva, colaborativa e investigativa, numa escola mais autónoma, aberta e participada, capaz de promover a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de todos os actores, nomeadamente alunos e professores.In this work we carried out a qualitative study according to a critical/interpretative epistemological approach on the processes of curriculum innovation in the Portuguese primary school context, being these processes interrelated with teacher development and with the improvement of school as organisation. This holistic conception of innovation is supported by a theoretical framework which connects knowledge from different domains of Educational Sciences, such as Teacher Training theory, Curriculum theory, School Organisation and Educational Methodology. For that purpose a comprehensive innovation model was designed. This model establishes a relationship between professional development, curriculum development, organisational development and pupils' learning, in order to promote an educational change. When we questioned about conditions and processes through which innovation and development can result into educational change in the ecological, cultural and political school contexts, we decided to choose as object of this empirical study an experience on curriculum innovation — the PROCUR Project. This project has been developed in a network of primary schools, under a methodological perspective of collaborative action-research. The case study of this project, as an "example in action" following an ethnographic approach, allowed us, in search of a better interpretative understanding of the phenomenon of change in schools, to emphasize its complex, dynamic, multidimensional and ecological nature, in which a multiplicity of factors interchange. This factors are political and social, institutional and cultural, curricular, pedagogical, professional and personal. This study questions, therefore, the problematic and complex relationship between reform and innovation, making clear that the change is always possible whenever there are schools with certain conditions. These conditions will make possible a more reflexive, collaborative and investigative practice, in a more autonomous, committed and open school, which will able to promote the learning and the development of all participants, namely pupils and teachers

Parecer sobre o Projecto de Gestão Flexível do Currículo

Parecer elaborado por encomenda da Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Inovação Educacional, em 2001Em resposta à encomenda da Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Inovação Educacional apresentamos a seguir um parecer baseado, fundamentalmente, numa análise documental da concepção do modelo que sustentou o que foi denominado como Projecto de Gestão Flexível do Currículo e que deu lugar à reorganização curricular consignada no Decreto Lei n.º 6/2001 recentemente promulgado. O Projecto de Gestão Flexível do Currículo (GFC) iniciado em 1996 com o lançamento de um processo de análise denominado de Reflexão Participada do Currículo, em que se começa a questionar o insucesso da reforma curricular, enquadrada em 1986 com a LBSE e orientada pelo Decreto Lei 286/89, desenvolveu-se progressivamente numa rede de escolas do ensino básico, e veio dar lugar a uma reorganização curricular, consagrada recentemente no Decreto Lei n.º 6/2001. A filosofia deste Projecto sustenta-se, em grande medida, no Documento Orientador das Políticas Educativas para o Ensino Básico — Educação, Integração, Cidadania — que, em 1998, define as grandes orientações para a Educação Básica, considerando que esta constitui um desafio a que todos os países desenvolvidos dão hoje a maior atenção. Da análise avaliativa que fizemos do projecto de inovação denominado de GFC, que se desenvolveu entre 1997-2001 e deu lugar ao Decreto Lei n.º 6/2001, que define as linhas da reorganização curricular que, no futuro próximo, se vai desenvolver nas escolas do ensino básico, emergiram um conjunto de problemáticas que suscitaram as seguintes questões. Estas questões, que apresentamos a seguir, irão orientar este nosso 1º parecer sobre a G.F.C. no que diz respeito à sua concepção e desenho, já que a avaliação sobre o seu desenvolvimento nas escolas será objecto de um outro relatório posterior.• Quais são os problemas fundamentais sinalizados como problemas-chave do nosso sistema educativo e mais concretamente do ensino básico e aos quais a GFC pretendeu dar resposta? • Quais as fases do processo de mudança que se podem identificar no desenvolvimento da GFC? • Em que medida as propostas de organização e de gestão curricular que a acompanham são coerentes e facilitadoras das mudanças propostas no desenho curricular? • De que modo os papéis, atribuições, regulações, processos de decisão, distribuição de poder, controlo, negociação, etc. dos intervenientes no projecto, nomeadamente da administração (DEB e DRE'S), das escolas e dos professores são coerentes e facilitadores da concretização da GFC?• Quais as mudanças produzidas na "mentalidade curricular" dos professores, especialmente na forma de se posicionarem como mediadores entre o currículo nacional e as necessidades dos contextos educativos? Para analisar e interpretar estas questões utilizaremos como quadro conceptual o modelo integrado de inovação curricular proposto por Alonso (1998), assim como o paradigma de currículo apresentado pela mesma autora (1996), com especial relevo para os critérios para a construção do currículo.Ministério da Educação. Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Inovação Educacional

¿Supone un cambio significativo en el préstamo interbibliotecario el aumento de las colecciones online?

Data interlibrary loan (ILL), after having access to a number of packages of electronic journals (through a purchase made by our consortium of health libraries), we wanted to analyze the change in the number of ILL requests. So, we make a comparative analysis of the requests we made and we receive from other Spanish regions. We compared data of the previous year before having the electronic subscriptions (2006) and data of the last available year (2008)

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ

PROCEDIMIENTO DE ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO-FINANCIERO PARA EMPRESAS COMERCIALIZADORAS.

La contabilidad es una ciencia que se basa en un conjunto de principios, métodos y procedimientos que permite medir e informar los resultados económicos financieros con vistas a un  proceso correcto  de toma de decisiones. El presente trabajo titulado Procedimiento de Análisis Económico-Financiero tiene como objetivo general, diseñar un procedimiento integral de análisis, mediante métodos y herramientas que faciliten un mejor desempeño en la toma de decisiones por parte de los directivos en empresas comercializadoras. La validez de la herramienta presentada viene dada en que  conjuga de manera integrada técnicas del análisis financiero y del análisis económico permitiendo realizar una valoración más integral de la situación de la entidad en aras de facilitar la información requerida por los directivos para lograr un proceso de toma de decisiones encaminado a alcanzar los niveles de eficiencia que hoy se espera de las entidades. Para el logro de éstos fines el procedimiento establece la aplicación del  método horizontal y a partir de ello se efectúa el análisis del cumplimiento de las ventas,  partiendo de la determinación del punto de equilibrio se efectúa el análisis de la estructura y la ritmicidad  de las mismas, continuando con el método vertical con sus respectivas técnicas de porcientos integrales y razones financieras; análisis que finaliza identificando la posición financiera que alcanza la entidad, a través de la técnica del cuadrante de navegación. El cumplimiento del objetivo de este trabajo crea las bases necesarias para la realización del análisis económico-financiero de las entidades comercializadoras, sirviendo el mismo como herramienta indispensable para la toma de decisiones por parte de sus directivos

Efecto de la crisis económica sobre el consumo de psicofármacos en Asturias

ResumenObjetivoEvaluar si la crisis económica de 2008ha comportado cambios en la evolución del consumo de ansiolíticos, hipnótico-sedantes y antidepresivos en Asturias.MétodoEstudio descriptivo y de utilización de medicamentos durante 2003-2013. Se calcularon las dosis diarias definidas por 1000 habitantes/día (DHD) de ansiolíticos, hipnótico-sedantes y antidepresivos. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de regresión lineal (b) de las DHD de la etapa precrisis (2003-2008) y de la etapa de crisis (2009-2013).ResultadosEl consumo de ansiolíticos creció un 40,25%, el de hipnóticos un 88,11% y el de antidepresivos un 80,93%. Para los ansiolíticos: b-(2003-2008)=4,38 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=1,08 DHD/año. Para los hipnótico-sedantes: b-(2003-2008)=2,30 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=0,40 DHD/año. Para los antidepresivos: b-(2003-2008)=5,79 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=2,83 DHD/año.ConclusionesEl incremento del consumo para los tres subgrupos en la época de crisis fue menor que en la época precrisis. No se confirma que la crisis económica haya influido aumentando el consumo de estos medicamentos.AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the economic crisis of 2008 has changed the consumption of anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants in Asturias (Spain).MethodWe conducted a descriptive study of drug use from 2003 -2013. The defined daily doses of 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD) were calculated for anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants. Linear regression coefficients (b) of the DHD were obtained for the pre-crisis period (2003-2008) and the crisis period (2009-2013).ResultsThe consumption of anxiolytics increased by 40.25%, that of hypnotics by 88.11% and that of antidepressants by 80.93%. For anxiolytics: b-(2003-2008)=4.38 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=1.08 DDI/year. For hypnotics-sedatives: b-(2003-2008)=2.30 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=0.40 DDI/year. For antidepressants: b-(2003-2008)=5.79 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=2.83 DDI/year.ConclusionsThe rise in consumption of the three subgroups during the crisis period was lower than that of the pre-crisis period. This study does not confirm the influence of the economic crisis on the rise in consumption of these drugs

Active Methodologies in the Training of Future Health Professionals: Academic Goals and Autonomous Learning Strategies

The learning of future health professionals is fundamental to the training of competent professionals. In this work, it was proposed to determine the correlation between academic goals and learning strategies in students enrolled from the first to the sixth semester in seven specialties of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo. A correlational design was used in which the questionnaires for evaluation of academic achievement and strategies for autonomous learning strategies were applied. The resulting data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistical methods. The results suggested that the types of academic goals and autonomous learning strategies had a homogeneous pattern in most of the seven specialties studied. According to the Likert scale, category 3, which sometimes corresponds to the range of quantitative categories, was the predominant one. Finally, the correlation between autonomous work strategies and the types of academic achievement of the students in the sample was mostly weak or non-existent and direct

Assessing the Electrochemical Performance of Different Nanostructured CeO2 Samples as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, six samples of CeO2 are successfully prepared by diverse synthesis routes leading to different microstructures regarding both morphology and particle size. The structural and microstructural characteristics presented by the samples and their influence on the electrochemical response of the prepared anodes are analyzed. In particular, the Ce-CMK3 sample, synthesized from a mesoporous carbon obtained through a CMK3 silica template, displays an enhanced electrochemical response. Thus, capacity values of ~220 mA h g−1 are obtained at a current rate of 0.155 A g−1 after 50 cycles and an excellent cyclability at intermediate current densities. On the other hand, it is observed that the capacity values are satisfactorily recovered at 0.31 A g−1, displaying ~100 mA h g−1 after 550 cycles and efficiencies close to 100%. The electrochemical performance is interpreted considering the microstructural peculiarities of this anode, which are deeply analyzed.Depto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEMINECOpu

A mechanistic study on the potential of quinolinium salts as photocatalysts for the abatement of chlorinated pollutants

[EN] Photocatalytic degradation of three highly chlorinated contaminants, namely 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) and 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (triclosan, TCS) has been investigated in the presence of N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (NMQ(+)), a photocatalyst able to act via Type I or Type II mechanism. Photodegradation of contaminants under aerobic conditions was achieved within hours; and it was accompanied by mineralization, as demonstrated by trapping of the evolved carbon dioxide as barium carbonate. Moreover, a high degree of detoxification, based on % inmobilization of daphnids (Daphnia magna bioassay), was reached after 70 h of irradiation. Quenching of the NMQ(+) fluorescence by the pollutants was evidenced by a decrease in the emission intensity and lifetime. Detection of the reduced NMQ. by laser flash photolysis in the presence of the pollutants provided an unambigous evidence of the electron transfer process. Quenching of singlet oxygen by the contaminants showed the typical singlet oxygen quenching constants (10(5)-10(6) M-1 s(-1)). Evaluation of the relative contribution of both pathways (Type I vs Type II) point to the photodegradation occurring via a Type I mechanism, being the contribution of Type II mechanism negligible at any concentration range.Financial support from Spanish Government (Grant SEV-2016.0683 and CTQ2015-69832-C4) and generous contribution from Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo Program) are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank support from VLC/Campus. R Martinez-Haya thanks financial support from Spanish Government (Grant SEV-2012-0267).Martínez-Haya, R.; Sabater Marco, C.; Castillo López, M.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Marín García, ML. (2018). A mechanistic study on the potential of quinolinium salts as photocatalysts for the abatement of chlorinated pollutants. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 351:277-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.010S27728435

The Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Self-Rated Health: Study of 29 Countries Using European Social Surveys (2002–2008)

Studies show that the association between socio-economic status (SES) and self-rated health (SRH) varies in different countries, however there are not many country comparisons that examine this relationship over time. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of three SES measures on SRH in 29 countries according to findings in European Social Surveys (2002–2008), in order to study how socio-economic inequalities can vary our subjective state of health. In line with previous studies, income inequalities seem to be greater not only in Anglo Saxon and Scandinavian countries, but especially in Eastern European countries. The impact of education is greater in Southern countries, and this effect is similar in Eastern and Scandinavian countries, although occupational status does not produce significant differences in southern countries. This study shows the general relevance of socio educational factors on SRH. Individual economic conditions are obviously a basic factor contributing to a good state of health, but education could be even more relevant to preserve it. In this sense, policies should not only aim at reducing income inequalities, but should also further the education of people who are in risk of social exclusion