Neue schwefelhaltige Aromastoffe in Wein—cis- und trans-2-Methyl-thiolan-3-ol

Mit Hilfe der GC-MS-Kopplung identifizierten wir zum erstenmal cis- und trans-2-Methyl-thiolan-3-ol im Aromaextrakt von Weinen der Rebsorten Riesling und Morio-Muskat. Diese Verbindungen sind im Traubenmost nicht enthalten und werden im Verlauf der alkoholischen Gärung - eng korreliert mit der Äthanolzunahme - gebildet.New volatile sulphur compounds in wine—cis- and trans-2-methyl-thiolane-3-olFor the first time cis- and trans-2-methyl-thiolane-3-ol were identified (GCMS) in the aroma extract of wines of the varieties Riesling and Morio-Muskat. These compounds are not present in must. They develop during the alcoholic fermentation in a narrow correlation with production of ethanol

XOLOGIST PEREMPUAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR

In uncovering female mixologists as actors from the tourism industry, on the basis of the theory of cultural concepts, work ethic, and community views. The work ethic of women to actualize themselves in order to improve the family economy is based on socio-cultural, educational, technological and environmental factors. although the role of women is able to contribute significantly to their own, family and community departments but social views about their profession as mixologists which add a series of stereotypes to women that have a negative impact on female workers including mixologist workers

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI

Leadership style is a style used by a leader to lead the organization by using existing resources within the organization to achieve organizational goals. Human resources are one of the resources that exist within the organization that can be utilized leader for the achievement of organizational goals. Employees are human resources that can be utilized by a leader in achieving organizational goals. It is important for a leader to be able to use an appropriate leadership style with the organization, in an effort to improve employee work motivation, which affects the performance of employees who support the achievement of organizational goals. In this study will be discussed about the performance of employees who are influenced by the style of leadership and work motivation. The results showed that employee performance is influenced by the level of work motivation and leadership style. In addition, the appropriate style of leader will affect the level of employee motivation, so it can significantly improve the performance of employees within an organization

Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles

We revise the bound from the supernova SN1987A on the coupling of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) to photons. In a core-collapse supernova, ALPs would be emitted via the Primakoff process, and eventually convert into gamma rays in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. The lack of a gamma-ray signal in the GRS instrument of the SMM satellite in coincidence with the observation of the neutrinos emitted from SN1987A therefore provides a strong bound on their coupling to photons. Due to the large uncertainty associated with the current bound, we revise this argument, based on state-of-the-art physical inputs both for the supernova models and for the Milky-Way magnetic field. Furthermore, we provide major amendments, such as the consistent treatment of nucleon-degeneracy effects and of the reduction of the nuclear masses in the hot and dense nuclear medium of the supernova. With these improvements, we obtain a new upper limit on the photon-ALP coupling: g_{a\gamma} < 5.3 x 10^{-12} GeV^{-1}, for m_a < 4.4 x 10^{-10} eV, and we also give its dependence at larger ALP masses. Moreover, we discuss how much the Fermi-LAT satellite experiment could improve this bound, should a close-enough supernova explode in the near future.Comment: Accepted for publication in JCAP (December 22nd, 2014

Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate urine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and -9) activity, alkaline phosphatase/creatinine (U-AP/Cr) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase/creatinine (U-GGT/Cr) ratios, glucose concentration, and urine protein/creatinine (U-Prot/Cr) ratio and to compare data with plasma MMP-2 and -9 activity, cystatin-C and creatinine concentrations in colic horses and healthy controls. Horses with surgical colic (n = 5) were compared to healthy stallions (n = 7) that came for castration. Blood and urine samples were collected. MMP gelatinolytic activity was measured by zymography. RESULTS: We found out that horses with colic had significantly higher urinary MMP-9 complex and proMMP-9 activities than horses in the control group. Colic horses also had higher plasma MMP-2 activity than the control horses. Serum creatinine, although within reference range, was significantly higher in the colic horses than in the control group. There was no significant increase in urinary alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or total proteins in the colic horses compared to the control group. A human cystatin-C test (Dako Cytomation latex immunoassay(® )based on turbidimetry) did not cross react with equine cystatin-C. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that plasma MMP-2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of equine colic and urinary MMP-9 in equine kidney damage

Petiole and leaf blade analyses as nutritional status indicators of 'solo' and 'formosa' papaya trees

The absence of a literature consensus about parts of leaves, blade or petiole which would be most indicative of the nutritional status of papaya trees, has hindered the use of foliar analysis as a diagnosis tool for this crop. An experiment was carried out to compare the nutricional status evaluated using blades and petioles of 'solo' and 'formosa' papaya groups. A completely randomized block design was used to test six varieties, three of each group. Leaves were sampled every three months in five occasions. Recently matured leaves were separated in petioles and blades for the evaluation of N, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. These concentrations were compared to those reported in the literature for this crop. The nutritional status diagnosis of the papaya plants, when made by means of blade or petiole leaves, led to different diagnoses showing the need of the definition of a single pattern. Blade has shown to be more effective than petiole for the diagnosis of the nutritional status, better differentiating the papaya tree varieties in relation to N, P, K and Cl, and not differing in relation to the other nutrients. It is here recommended to use the blade as indicator of the nutritional status of papaya plants.A ausência de um consenso na literatura sobre qual parte da folha, limbo ou pecíolo, seria a mais indicada para avaliação do estado nutricional do mamoeiro, dificulta o uso da análise foliar como ferramenta de diagnose para a cultura. Assim, foi conduzido um experimento para comparar a diagnose do estado nutricional efetuada pela análise do limbo e do pecíolo foliar de mamoeiros pertencentes aos grupos 'Solo' e 'Formosa'. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados para avaliar seis variedades de mamoeiros, três de cada grupo. Foram retiradas amostras foliares em cinco épocas, a cada três meses. A folha recém-madura foi dividida em limbo e pecíolo, onde foram determinados os teores de N, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Fe, Mn e Zn. Estes teores foram comparados com os citados na literatura como adequados para a cultura. A diagnose do estado nutricional do mamoeiro quando efetuada por meio da análise do limbo ou do pecíolo foliar levou a diferentes diagnósticos mostrando a necessidade de definição de um único padrão. A análise do limbo foliar mostrou-se mais efetiva que a do pecíolo para diagnosticar o estado nutricional, diferenciando melhor as variedades de mamoeiro, em relação a N, P, K e Cl, não diferindo em relação aos demais nutrientes. Sendo assim, o limbo foliar deve ser utilizado como indicador do estado nutricional do mamoeiro

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially