Multifunctional metal-organic frameworks : from academia to industrial applications

After three decades of intense and fundamental research on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is there anything left to say or to explain? The synthesis and properties of MOFs have already been comprehensively described elsewhere. It is time, however, to prove the nature of their true usability: technological applications based on these extended materials require development and implementation as a natural consequence of the up-to-known intensive research focused on their design and preparation. The current large number of reviews on MOFs emphasizes practical strategies to develop novel networks with varied crystal size, shape and topology, being mainly devoted to academic concerns. The present survey intends to push the boundaries and summarise the state-of-the-art on the preparation of promising (multi) functional MOFs in worldwide laboratories and their use as materials for industrial implementation. This review starts, on the one hand, to describe several tools and striking examples of remarkable and recent (multi) functional MOFs exhibiting outstanding properties (e.g., in gas adsorption and separation, selective sorption of harmful compounds, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescent and corrosion protectants). On the other hand, and in a second part, it intends to use these examples of MOFs to incite scientists to move towards the transference of knowledge from the laboratories to the industry. Within this context, we exhaustively review the many efforts of several worldwide commercial companies to bring functional MOFs towards the daily use, analysing the various patents and applications reported to date. Overall, this review goes from the very basic concepts of functional MOF engineering and preparation ending up in their industrial production on a large scale and direct applications in society

Decaaqua­dioxidobis[μ3-N-(phospho­n­atometh­yl)imino­diacetato]­dizinc(II)­divanadium(IV) dihydrate

The title compound, [Zn2V2(C5H6NO7P)2O2(H2O)10]·2H2O, contains a [V2O2(pmida)2]4− dimeric anionic unit [where H4pmida is N-(phosphono­meth­yl)imino­diacetic acid] lying on a centre of symmetry which is exo-coordinated via the two deprotonated phospho­nate groups to two Zn2+ cations, with the coordination environment of Zn completed by five water mol­ecules. The crystal packing is mediated by an extensive network of strong and highly directional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water mol­ecules (coordinated and uncoordinated) and the functional groups of pmida4−, leading to a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

Poly[[μ2-aqua-tetraaquahexakis(μ4-naph­thalene-2,6-dicarboxylato)tetra­holmium(III)] 1.75-hydrate]

In the title compound, {[Ho4(C12H6O4)6(H2O)5]·1.75H2O}n, which is isostructural with its Tb3+- and Eu3+-containing analogues, there are four crystallographically independent Ho3+ centres, each exhibiting a highly distorted HoO8 bicapped trigonal-prismatic coordination environment. Adjacent polyhedra are inter­connected via the carboxyl­ate groups and one μ2-bridging water mol­ecule, forming one-dimensional chains propagating along [100]. The naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate ligands further inter­connect these chains into a three-dimensional framework, which has zigzag channels housing the water mol­ecules. Two naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate bridging ligands have their centroids located on crystallographic centres of inversion. One water O atom has a fixed site occupancy factor of 0.75

Redetermination at 180 K of a layered lanthanide–organic framework

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, poly[(μ4-{[bis­(hydrogen phospho­natometh­yl)aza­nium­yl]meth­yl}phospho­nato)lanthanum(III)], [La(C3H9NO9P3)]n, comprises an La3+ center and a H3nmp3− anion (where H3nmp3− is a residue of partially deprotonated nitrilo­tris­(methyl­ene­phospho­nic acid), namely {[bis­(hydrogen phospho­natometh­yl)aza­nium­yl]meth­yl}­phos­pho­nate). This study concerns a structural redetermination using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, collected at the low temperature of 180 K, of a recently investigated material whose structural details have been proposed from powder X-ray diffraction studies [Silva et al. (2011 ▶). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 15120–15138]. The main difference between the two models rests on the position of the H atoms. While two H atoms were modeled as attached to the same phospho­nate group in the powder determination, in the current model, the same H atoms are instead distributed among two of these groups. The sample studied was an inversion twin

Uma análise sobre sociabilidade, cotidiano e vizinhança em um bairro popular de João Pessoa-PB

Este artigo discute algumas considerações sobre sociabilidade e cotidiano em um bairro popular da cidade de João Pessoa-PB, denominado de Valentina de Figueiredo. O trabalho busca uma aproximação teórica com autores das ciências sociais, especificamente os que priorizam temáticas sobre o urbano contemporâneo, bem como analisa, através de entrevistas com moradores do bairro, os processos contraditórios emergentes de relações, aparentemente, ambivalentes no que diz respeito às práticas cotidianas.This article discusses some considerations on sociability and everyday life in a popular neighborhood in the city of Joao Pessoa, named Valentina de Figueiredo. The paper seeks a theoretical approach to social science authors, specifically those that prioritize issues on the urban contemporary, and examines, through interviews with residents of the neighborhood, the cases arising from conflicting relationships apparently ambivalent on that concern the everyday practices

Notas metodológicas sobre a interpretação fenomenológica da vida cotidiana ao olhar de Alfred Schutz

Este artigo discute algumas considerações metodológicas sobre as ciências sociais da vida cotidiana. É sobretudo através da ótica de Alfred Schutz e seu pioneirismo epistemológico sobre o fluxo da vida corriqueira e do senso comum que pretendemos fazer uma análise comparativa com autores das ciências sociais e demais pensadores que direta e indiretamente analisam o cotidiano enquanto estrutura simbólica e fenomenológica da realidade social.  Partimos de uma ideia que as ciências sociais, a partir do olhar fenomenológico de Alfred Schutz, estruturou uma metodologia inovadora sobre os processos da intersubjetividade social e cultural, tornando possível uma compreensão mais fecunda aos processos de análises das subjetividades entre as noções de indivíduo e sociedade, bem como os significados e signos produzidos por atores sociais segundo sua trajetória biográfica que, para Alfred Schutz, representa uma condição metodológica essencial no entendimento da vida cotidiana em ciências sociais e humanas

4,4′-Di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine

In the title compound, C18H24N2, the mol­ecular unit adopts a trans conformation around the central C—C bond [N—C—C—N torsion angle of 179.2 (3)°], with the two aromatic rings almost coplanar [dihedral angle of only 0.70 (4)°]. The crystal packing is driven by co-operative contacts involving weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π inter­actions, and also the need to fill effectively the available space

Noise models for superoperators in the chord representation

We study many-qubit generalizations of quantum noise channels that can be written as an incoherent sum of translations in phase space. Physical description in terms of the spectral properties of the superoperator and the action in phase space are provided. A very natural description of decoherence leading to a preferred basis is achieved with diffusion along a phase space line. The numerical advantages of using the chord representation are illustrated in the case of coarse-graining noise.Comment: 8 pages, 5 .ps figures (RevTeX4). Submitted to Phys. Rev. A. minor changes made, according to referee suggestion

4,4′-Di-tert-butyl-2,2′-dipyridinium dichloride

In the title compound, C18H26N2 2+·2Cl−, the complete dication is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry; both N atoms are protonated and engaged in strong and highly directional N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Additional weak C—H⋯Cl contacts promote the formation of a tape along ca. [110]. The crystal structure can be described by the parallel packing of these tapes. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with twin law [−1 0 0, 0 −1 0, −0.887 0.179 1] and the final BASF parameter refining to 0.026 (2)

Influence of the alkali metal cation on the fragmentation of monensin in ESI-MS/MS

The MS/MS fragmentation of the alkali metal complexes of monensin A are studied. The increase in alkali metal ionic radii decreases the ability of the Grob-Wharton fragmentation mechanism to occur and reduces the overall degree of fragmentation. Conversely, the electronegativity of the metal cation is related to the number of fragment ions observed.O presente trabalho relata os estudos de fragmentação por espectrometria de massas seqüencial de complexos formados pela monensina A e uma série de metais alcalinos. Foi observado que o aumento do raio iônico do metal alcalino levou a uma diminuição do mecanismo de fragmentação do tipo Grob-Wharton e ao grau de fragmentação. Por outro lado, a maior eletronegatividade mostrou estar relacionada ao número de fragmentos observados