Agroindústrias: a indústria motriz que desenvolve a região Oeste do Paraná

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Desenvolvimento da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Políticas Públicas e Desenvolvimento. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilson Batista de OliveiraA partir de meados da década de 1970 a tecnificação e mecanização no cultivo da soja consolida e acelera as mudanças, provocando uma alteração radical na base produtiva regional, com repercussão na estrutura fundiária e na distribuição da sua população. Entre os anos 1950 a 1970, a população total do Oeste paranaense salta de pouco mais de 16.000 para 760.000 mil habitantes. Com o passar dos anos e com novos investimentos em infraestruturas e grandes obras, trouxe ao Oeste paranaense constantes levas de imigrantes. Esses imigrantes em sua maioria produtores rurais se estabeleceram nesta região se dedicando à vida agrária. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, essa região, ao longo dos anos, tornou-se um grande produtor e exportador de grãos e animais. As diversidades regionais formadas pelas diferentes condições geográficas, econômicas, sociais e culturais propiciaram a heterogeneidade no desenvolvimento econômico e social da região. O Oeste do Paraná é composto por 50 (cinquenta) municípios com uma população atualmente estimada em mais de um milhão e trezentos mil habitantes. A atividade agrícola representa uma grande parcela da economia desses municípios, em números comparados ao estado do Paraná. A atividade agroindustrial da região Oeste do Paraná apresenta resultados e características que favorecem a percepção de um pólo agroindustrial. No entanto, necessitam-se estudos que aprofundem esse tema a fim de identificar elementos que possam explicar a existência de um pólo de crescimento ou desenvolvimento nessa região.From the mid-1970s technologization and mechanization of soy cultivation have consolidated and accelerated changes, causing a radical transformation in the regional productive base, with consequences on the land structure and the distribution of its population. Between the years 1950 to 1970, the total population of the West of Paraná jumped from just over 16,000 to 760,000 inhabitants. Over the years and with new investments in infrastructure and major constructions, it brought to the West of Parana constant waves of immigrants. These immigrants, in their majority rural producers, settled in this region dedicating themselves to agricultural life. With technological development, this region, over the years, became a great producer and exporter of grains and animals. The regional diversities formed by the different geographic, economic, social and cultural conditions provided the heterogeneity in the economic and social development of the region. Western Parana is composed of 50 (fifty) municipalities with a population currently estimated at more than one million and three hundred thousand inhabitants. The agricultural activity represents a large portion of the economy of these municipalities, in numbers compared to the state of Paraná. The agro-industrial activity in the Western region of Parana presents results and characteristics thatfavor the perception of an agro-industrial pole. However, studies are needed to deepen this idea and to identify elements that can explain the existence of expanding and developing pole in this region

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others