The Syrian Conflict and Its Effect on the Real Local Production Growth and Unemployment in Jordan

The study aims at identifying the Syrian conflict, and its effect on the Jordanian real local production growth. It also aims at identifying the influence of the Syrian refugee crisis on both the Jordan labor market, and unemployment. The study makes an effort at clarifying the state and the challenges of the Jordan market as a result of the migration of the Syrian workers. To achieve the purpose of this study, it follows the methodology that represents the information source and the total numbers of the local production, growth and unemployment. The Okun Law that clarifies the relation between the growth in the real local production and unemployment has been applied. The study has achieved that the effect of the Syrian crisis was as the following: 1-     It entirely affects the local production growth by reducing the whole numbers of production. 2-     It generally affects the unemployment proportion as a result of reducing the national indicators. 3-     The number of male Syrian refugees who affected the Jordan market was larger than female number. The study has come up with some important recommendations like finding developmental plans compatible with the Syrian conflict, encouraging the national employment, and triggering the legal framework in confronting the illegal employment in the light of growth stability in the local production at the level of 2.5%. Key words: The Syrian conflict, the real local production, unemployment, Okun la

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries