Desafíos impostergables en educación

Indicadores oficiales señalan la urgencia de implementar medidas que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de la educación pública y eliminen las discriminaciones de hecho que aún persisten generando graves brechas de inequidad

Fostering the Adoption of DMP in Small Research Projects through a Collaborative Approach

In order to promote sound management of research data the European Commission, under the Horizon 2020 framework program, is promoting the adoption of a Data Management Plan (DMP) in research projects. Despite the value of a DMP to make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) through time, the development and implementation of DMPs is not yet a common practice in health research. Raising the awareness of researchers in small projects to the benefits of early adoption of a DMP is, therefore, a motivator for others to follow suit. In this paper we describe an approach to engage researchers in the writing of a DMP, in an ongoing project, FrailSurvey, in which researchers are collecting data through a mobile application for self-assessment of fragility. The case study is supported by interviews, a metadata creation session, as well as the validation of recommendations by researchers. With the outline of our process we also outline tools and services that supported the development of the DMP in this small project, particularly since there were no institutional services available to researcher

Bioactive potential and chromatographic characterization of body mucus from Portugal coastal fish halobatrachus didactylus

The body mucus in fish provides a stable physical or chemical barrier against invading pathogens. In mucus, antimicrobial peptides are secreted as a response to immunestimulation. Studies have shown antimicrobial activity against multidrug­resistant pathogens and low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. Previously, body mucus from five captive Halobatrachus didactylus individuals was collected. We aim to explore the mucus studying molecules with bioactive potential. Size exclusion high­performance liquid chromatography (SE­HPLC) analyses were performed on the five body mucus samples showing a similar molecular size distribution with a maximum peak of ca. 800 Da. These five mucus samples were pooled to assess the following bioactivities: antioxidant (ABTS and ORAC), antimicrobial (minimal inhibitory concentration), andcytotoxicity (Caco­2 and HaCaT human cell lines). The protein content in the mucus, determined by the bicinchoninic acid methodology, was 16836 ± 1020 µg BSA/mL. The antioxidant activity resulted in 268 ± 11 µmol TE/g mucus protein for ABTS and 306 ± 11 µmol TE/g mucus protein for ORAC. The antibacterial activity was assessed against five pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, within minimal inhibitory concentrations of 421 to 105 µg mucus protein/mL. Moreover, the mucus showed non­cytotoxic for Caco­2 cells in concentrations between 196 to 25 µg mucus protein/mL, while it showed cytotoxicity for HaCaT cells. In the future, liquid chromatography­tandem mass spectrometry (LC­MS/MS) analysis will be performed to determine the molecules behind these bioactivities, namely antimicrobial peptides.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Peptide fraction identification by SE-HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis of the body mucus from Portugal coastal fish Halobatrachus didactylus

The mucus covers the fish's body, working as a protective barrier. Besides physical protection, mucus provides molecules that protect the fish from pathogens damaging. 1,2These include antimicrobial peptides secreted in the mucus, which play an essential role in defense against microbial pathogens since these belong to the innate immune system2,3. In this study, two adult Halobatrachus didactylus individuals were captured from the wild in Sesimbra. Then, mucus collection was performed by scraping the dorsal-lateral body of the fish with a sponge. Our objective was the identification of new peptides with bioactive potential in mucus samples by chromatography analysis. Size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) analysis performed on mucus samples from the two individuals revealed a similar profile with an intense highlight peak which resulted in a distribution of about 775 Dalton. With interest in that peak, the two mucus samples were pooled for fractionation by SEC. The resulting fraction was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the most probable peptide sequences. Identification from databases did not provide reliable results, indicating a lack of information on the matrix analyzed. We resorted to de novo sequencing with good results using PEAKS Studio software. Five identified peptides were selected according to their bioactivities predicted in silico. Furthermore, the five identified peptides were synthesized, and the molecular size was validated by SE-HPLC analysis. Overall, this chromatographic approach enabled the identification of promising peptides, which bioactivities will be evaluated in vitro in future work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First bioactive characterization of the skin mucus from Portugal coastal fish Halobatrachus didactylus

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Methods for the collection of fish mucus: a systematic review

The aquatic environment holds a vast source of organisms that provide numerous opportunities to bioprospect new molecules. Notably, fish are producers of an epidermal mucus that offers protection against pathogens, making it a promising source of bioactive molecules. This source of molecules, however, has yet to be thoroughly explored, and particularly, optimization of methods for collection and study is needed. This review concentrates on the methods of mucus collection employed to secure high-quality samples, enabling the extraction and characterization of molecules with bioactive potential. A comprehensive search was conducted, and publications were selected based on the following criteria: (i) the mucus has been collected from the external body of the fish, not involving dissection or damage; (ii) mucus crude extracts have undergone a chemical or genetic characterization; (iii) mucus was used in bioactivity assays (e.g., antimicrobial or immune-related). Scraping, bagging, and absorption are the primary methods for collecting fish mucus. They were assessed based on fish handling, sample volume, and processing, including anesthesia and starvation. Scraping with a soft tool, such as cotton balls or sponges, proved most effective and minimized contamination, dilution, and injury risk. This review aids future studies of mucus composition and properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The need for patient adherence standard measures for Big Data

Despite half a century of dedicated studies, medication adherence remains far from perfect, with many patients not taking their medications as prescribed. The magnitude of this problem is rising, jeopardizing the effectiveness of evidence-based therapies. An important reason for this is the unprecedented demographic change at the beginning of 21st century. Ageing leads to multimorbidity and complex therapeutic regimens that create fertile ground for non-adherence. As this scenario is a global problem, it needs a worldwide answer. Might this answer be provided, given the new opportunities created by the digitization of healthcare? Day by day health-related information is collected in electronic health records, pharmacy dispensing databases, health insurance systems and national health system records. These Big Data repositories offer a unique chance to study adherence both retrospectively and prospectively, at population level, as well as its related factors. In order to make the full use of this opportunity, there is a need to develop standardised measures of adherence, which can be applied globally to Big Data and will inform scientific research, clinical practice and public health. These standardized measures may also enable a better understanding of the relationship between adherence and clinical outcomes, and allow for fair benchmarking of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adherence-targeting interventions. Unfortunately, despite this obvious need, such standards are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to call for producing a consensus on global standards for measuring adherence with Big Data. More specifically, sound standards of formatting, and analysing Big Data are needed in order to assess, uniformly present and compare patterns of medication adherence across studies. Wide use of these standards may improve adherence, and make healthcare systems more effective and sustainable

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones from Paraguayan children

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important human pathogens, and its levels of resistance to methicillin have increased even in strains isolated from people without nosocomial risk factors. Molecular analysis is essential for understanding the patterns of dissemination. The objective of this study was to identify community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) clones that infected Paraguayan children patients in two periods of time. Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was designed to determine the genetic variability of 115 isolates of CA-MRSA recovered from children who attended four reference centers in Paraguay between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013. Results: The combined use of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequencing Typing, Multi-Locus Variable Analysis (MLVA) and Spa typing techniques allowed the identification of two dominant clones: ST30-IV-t019 (77%) and ST5-IV-t311 (10%), and the establishment of the former as the leading cause of CA-MRSA infections in children during the study period. Conclusions: This is the first study that provides epidemiological information as well as microbiological and molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA isolates recovered from children from Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay.Fil: Rodríguez, Fátima. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Salinas, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Fernández, Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Haim, Maria Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Basualdo, Wilma. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; Paraguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Castro, Héctor. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; Paraguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Quiñónez, Beatriz. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Arguello, Rocío. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: Rodríguez, Mónica. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Grau, Lorena. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Espínola, Carmen. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Velázquez, Gladys. Hospital Central Instituto de Previsiín Social; ParaguayFil: Samudio, Gloria. Hospital Nacional, Panama; PanamáFil: Gómez, Gloria. Hospital Nacional, Panama; PanamáFil: Campuzano, Ana. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Ortellado, Juana. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Almada, Patricia. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Guillén, Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua