Bi2Te1.6S1.4 - a Topological Insulator in the Tetradymite Family

We describe the crystal growth, crystal structure, and basic electrical properties of Bi2Te1.6S1.4, which incorporates both S and Te in its Tetradymite quintuple layers in the motif -[Te0.8S0.2]-Bi-S-Bi-[Te0.8S0.2]-. This material differs from other Tetradymites studied as topological insulators due to the increased ionic character that arises from its significant S content. Bi2Te1.6S1.4 forms high quality crystals from the melt and is the S-rich limit of the ternary Bi-Te-S {\gamma}-Tetradymite phase at the melting point. The native material is n-type with a low resistivity; Sb substitution, with adjustment of the Te to S ratio, results in a crossover to p-type and resistive behavior at low temperatures. Angle resolved photoemission study shows that topological surface states are present, with the Dirac point more exposed than it is in Bi2Te3 and similar to that seen in Bi2Te2Se. Single crystal structure determination indicates that the S in the outer chalcogen layers is closer to the Bi than the Te, and therefore that the layers supporting the surface states are corrugated on the atomic scale.Comment: To be published in Physical Review B Rapid Communications 16 douuble spaced pages. 4 figures 1 tabl

Solar Ellerman Bombs in 1D Radiative Hydrodynamics

Recent observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) appear to show impulsive brightenings in high temperature lines, which when combined with simultaneous ground based observations in H$\alpha$, appear co-spatial to Ellerman Bombs (EBs). We use the RADYN 1-dimensional radiative transfer code in an attempt to try and reproduce the observed line profiles and simulate the atmospheric conditions of these events. Combined with the MULTI/RH line synthesis codes, we compute the H$\alpha$, Ca II 8542~\AA, and Mg II h \& k lines for these simulated events and compare them to previous observations. Our findings hint that the presence of superheated regions in the photosphere ($>$10,000 K) is not a plausible explanation for the production of EB signatures. While we are able to recreate EB-like line profiles in H$\alpha$, Ca II 8542~\AA, and Mg II h \& k, we cannot achieve agreement with all of these simultaneously.Comment: Accepted into ApJL. 4 Figures, 1 Tabl

Extreme Sensitivity of Superconductivity to Stoichiometry in FeSe (Fe1+dSe)

The recently discovered iron arsenide superconductors, which display superconducting transition temperatures as high as 55 K, appear to share a number of general features with high-Tc cuprates, including proximity to a magnetically ordered state and robustness of the superconductivity in the presence of disorder. Here we show that superconductivity in Fe1+dSe, the parent compound of the superconducting arsenide family, is destroyed by very small changes in stoichiometry. Further, we show that non-superconducting Fe1+dSe is not magnetically ordered down to low temperatures. These results suggest that robust superconductivity and immediate instability against an ordered magnetic state should not be considered as intrinsic characteristics of iron-based superconducting systems, and that Fe1+dSe may present a unique opportunity for determining which materials characteristics are critical to the existence of superconductivity in high Tc iron arsenide superconductors and which are not.Comment: Updated to reflect final version and include journal referenc

Exploring impulsive solar magnetic energy release and particle acceleration with focused hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy

How impulsive magnetic energy release leads to solar eruptions and how those eruptions are energized and evolve are vital unsolved problems in Heliophysics. The standard model for solar eruptions summarizes our current understanding of these events. Magnetic energy in the corona is released through drastic restructuring of the magnetic field via reconnection. Electrons and ions are then accelerated by poorly understood processes. Theories include contracting loops, merging magnetic islands, stochastic acceleration, and turbulence at shocks, among others. Although this basic model is well established, the fundamental physics is poorly understood. HXR observations using grazing-incidence focusing optics can now probe all of the key regions of the standard model. These include two above-the-looptop (ALT) sources which bookend the reconnection region and are likely the sites of particle acceleration and direct heating. The science achievable by a direct HXR imaging instrument can be summarized by the following science questions and objectives which are some of the most outstanding issues in solar physics (1) How are particles accelerated at the Sun? (1a) Where are electrons accelerated and on what time scales? (1b) What fraction of electrons is accelerated out of the ambient medium? (2) How does magnetic energy release on the Sun lead to flares and eruptions? A Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) instrument, which can be built now using proven technology and at modest cost, would enable revolutionary advancements in our understanding of impulsive magnetic energy release and particle acceleration, a process which is known to occur at the Sun but also throughout the Universe

Near-Ultraviolet Spectra of Flares on YZ CMi

Near-ultraviolet spectroscopic data obtained with the HST STIS instrument on the dMe flare star YZ Canis Minoris (YZ CMi) were analyzed. Flare and quiet intervals were identified from the broadband near-UV light curve, and the spectrum of each flare was separately extracted. Mg II and Fe II line profiles show similar behavior during the flares. Two large flares allowed time-resolved spectra to be analyzed, revealing a very broad component to the Mg II k line profile in at least one flare spectrum (F9b). If interpreted as a velocity, this component requires chromospheric material to be moving with FWHM ~ 250 km/sec, implying kinetic energy far in excess of the radiative energy. The Mg II k flare line profiles were compared to recent radiative hydrodynamic models of flare atmospheres undergoing electron beam heating. The models successfully predict red enhancements in the line profile with typical velocity of a few km/sec, but do not reproduce the flares showing blue enhancements, or the strongly broadened line observed in flare F9b. A more complete calculation of redistribution into the line wings, including the effect of collisions with the electron beam, may resolve the origin of the excess line broadening.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures; accepted to PAS

Antecedents of chronic lung disease following three patterns of early respiratory disease in preterm infants

The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) varies among groups defined by their early pattern of respiratory disease. Although CLD is common among infants with continuous exposure to increased ambient oxygen throughout the first two postnatal weeks the antecedents of CLD among preterm infants without this exposure are not well understood

Patterns of Respiratory Disease During the First 2 Postnatal Weeks in Extremely Premature Infants

Pulmonary disease among infants of <28 weeks' gestation (extremely low gestational age newborns) often has the following pattern: the infant starts out with little need for supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support in the first postnatal week but then has pulmonary deterioration in the second postnatal week, with an increased need for supplemental oxygen and respiratory support. We evaluated the antecedents and correlates of patterns of early lung disease, with particular emphasis on pulmonary deterioration, in a large cohort study (the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn [ELGAN] study)

Multiwavelength observations of a giant flare on CN Leonis I. The chromosphere as seen in the optical spectra

Flares on dM stars contain plasmas at very different temperatures and thus affect a wide wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum. While the coronal properties of flares are studied best in X-rays, the chromosphere of the star is observed best in the optical and ultraviolet ranges. Therefore, multiwavelength observations are essential to study flare properties throughout the atmosphere of a star. We analysed simultaneous observations with UVES/VLT and XMM-Newton of the active M5.5 dwarf CN Leo (Gl 406) exhibiting a major flare. The optical data cover the wavelength range from 3000 to 10000 Angstrom. From our optical data, we find an enormous wealth of chromospheric emission lines occurring throughout the spectrum. We identify a total of 1143 emission lines, out of which 154 are located in the red arm, increasing the number of observed emission lines in this red wavelength range by about a factor of 10. Here we present an emission line list and a spectral atlas. We also find line asymmetries for H I, He I, and Ca II lines. For the last, this is the first observation of asymmetries due to a stellar flare. During the flare onset, there is additional flux found in the blue wing, while in the decay phase, additional flux is found in the red wing. We interpret both features as caused by mass motions. In addition to the lines, the flare manifests itself in the enhancement of the continuum throughout the whole spectrum, inverting the normal slope for the net flare spectrum.Comment: 15 pages, accepted by A&

Fermi surface topology and low-lying electronic structure of a new iron-based superconductor Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5

We report a first study of low energy electronic structure and Fermi surface topology for the recently discovered iron-based superconductor Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 (the 10-3-8 phase, with Tc = 8K), via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Despite its triclinic crystal structure, ARPES results reveal a fourfold symmetric band structure with the absence of Dirac-cone-like Fermi dots (related to magnetism) found around the Brillouin zone corners in other iron-based superconductors. Considering that the triclinic lattice and structural supercell arising from the Pt3As8 intermediary layers, these results indicate that those layers couple only weakly to the FeAs layers in this new superconductor, which has implications for the determination of its potentially novel pairing mechanism.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Chronic Lung Disease and Developmental Delay at 2 Years of Age in Children Born Before 28 Weeks' Gestation

Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at increased risk of chronic lung disease (CLD) and of developmental delay. Some studies have suggested that CLD contributes to developmental delay