The Development of the Journal Environment of Leonardo

We present animations based on the aggregated journal-journal citations of Leonardo during the period 1974-2008. Leonardo is mainly cited by journals outside the arts domain for cultural reasons, for example, in neuropsychology and physics. Articles in Leonardo itself cite a large number of journals, but with a focus on the arts. Animations at this level of aggregation enable us to show the history of the journal from a network perspective

Sonographic Diagnosis of Arterioportal Fistula

Aim. We aimed to identify and describe characteristic and diagnostic ultrasonographic features of arterioportal fistula cases. Patients. In this case series we describe 3 patients with arterioportal fistula. By depending on shared sonographic features of these patients we describe a “sonographic pattern” for the sonographic diagnosis of arterioportal fistula. Conclusion. In summary; both of the artery and vein related with fistula were wider than normal and seen as adjacent anechoic circles, there was an aneurismatic dilation on vein which has turbulent flow within it, the communication between the artery and aneurism can be seen sonographically, both of the vessels have arterial flow, filling of the vein was retrograde and other branches of the artery and vein unrelated with aneurism were all normal in dimension

The structure of the Arts & Humanities Citation Index: A mapping on the basis of aggregated citations among 1,157 journals

Using the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) 2008, we apply mapping techniques previously developed for mapping journal structures in the Science and Social Science Citation Indices. Citation relations among the 110,718 records were aggregated at the level of 1,157 journals specific to the A&HCI, and the journal structures are questioned on whether a cognitive structure can be reconstructed and visualized. Both cosine-normalization (bottom up) and factor analysis (top down) suggest a division into approximately twelve subsets. The relations among these subsets are explored using various visualization techniques. However, we were not able to retrieve this structure using the ISI Subject Categories, including the 25 categories which are specific to the A&HCI. We discuss options for validation such as against the categories of the Humanities Indicators of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the panel structure of the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH), and compare our results with the curriculum organization of the Humanities Section of the College of Letters and Sciences of UCLA as an example of institutional organization

Reformulation of the relationship between Individual freedom and technology theorized through/by the channel of cinematic philosophy

This research seeks to explore whether and in what way cinematic pieces can philosophize and theorize on the restriction of individual freedom through/by technology, and thus contribute in their own right to cinematic philosophy. In order to test their ability to theorize on the relationship between individual freedom and technology, four types of restrictions of individual freedom are established inductively. Following the theoretical path spanning from Foucault's "disciplinary society" to Deleuze's "control society", in connection with Deleuze and Guattari's account of "desire", one of these types is shown to be an overlooked, novel form of restriction emerging with the advent of digital technologies. With the aim of revealing the potential of cinematic pieces to provide theoretical insight into these four types of restriction, and following philosophical methodology, close reading analysis is carried out on specific cinematic pieces, focusing on their macrostructural and microstructural cinematic elements. The results of this analysis show that cinematic philosophy is a distinct channel of philosophy, that it is capable of inductively explaining the four types of restriction of individual freedom through/by technology, as well as the "click consent" theory, and thus that it makes unique theoretical contributions to contemporary philosophy.Esta investigación se propone comprobar si las obras cinematográficas pueden pensar, y de qué forma, la restricción de la libertad individual por parte de las nuevas tecnologías, entendiendo que las propias obras son productoras de teoría que contribuye a la filosofía cinematográfica. Para comprobar esta capacidad, se establecen inductivamente cuatro tipos de restricción de la libertad individual, y, siguiendo el camino teórico marcado por Foucault con la sociedad disciplinaria y por Deleuze con la sociedad de control, en diálogo con Deleuze y Guattari con el deseo, se concluye que uno de estos tipos de restricción ejercidos por la tecnología se ha pasado por alto en la filosofía contemporánea, puesto que aparece con la emergencia de las nuevas tecnologías digitales. Con el objetivo de revelar esta capacidad de las obras cinematográficas, se aplica un análisis de close reading a obras concretas para analizar sus elementos cinematográficos macro y microestructurales. En referencia a este análisis, se concluye que la filosofía cinematográfica es una rama propia y diferenciada de la filosofía contemporánea, capaz de explicar de forma inductiva los cuatro tipos de restricción de la libertad individual por parte de la tecnología, junto con la teoría del click consent, como contribución única a la filosofía contemporánea.Aquesta recerca es proposa comprovar si les obres cinematogràfiques poden pensar, i de quina manera, la restricció de la llibertat individual per part de les noves tecnologies, entenent que les obres mateixes són productores de teoria que contribueix a la filosofia cinematogràfica. Per comprovar aquesta capacitat, s'estableixen inductivament quatre tipus de restricció de la llibertat individual, i, seguint el camí teòric marcat per Foucault amb la societat disciplinària i per Deleuze amb la societat de control, en diàleg amb Deleuze i Guattari amb el desig, es conclou que un d'aquests tipus de restricció exercits per la tecnologia s'ha passat per alt en la filosofia contemporània, ja que apareix amb l'emergència de les noves tecnologies digitals. Amb l'objectiu de revelar aquesta capacitat de les obres cinematogràfiques, s'aplica una anàlisi de close reading a obres concretes per analitzar els seus elements cinematogràfics macro i microestructurals. En referència a aquesta anàlisi, es conclou que la filosofia cinematogràfica és una branca pròpia i diferenciada de la filosofia contemporània, capaç d'explicar de manera inductiva els quatre tipus de restricció de la llibertat individual per part de la tecnologia, junt amb la teoria del click consent, com a contribució única a la filosofia contemporània.Societat de la informació i el coneixemen

Evolution of Wikipedia's Category Structure

Wikipedia, as a social phenomenon of collaborative knowledge creating, has been studied extensively from various points of views. The category system of Wikipedia, introduced in 2004, has attracted relatively little attention. In this study, we focus on the documentation of knowledge, and the transformation of this documentation with time. We take Wikipedia as a proxy for knowledge in general and its category system as an aspect of the structure of this knowledge. We investigate the evolution of the category structure of the English Wikipedia from its birth in 2004 to 2008. We treat the category system as if it is a hierarchical Knowledge Organization System, capturing the changes in the distributions of the top categories. We investigate how the clustering of articles, defined by the category system, matches the direct link network between the articles and show how it changes over time. We find the Wikipedia category network mostly stable, but with occasional reorganization. We show that the clustering matches the link structure quite well, except short periods preceding the reorganizations.Comment: Preprint of an article submitted for consideration in Advances in Complex Systems (2012) http://www.worldscinet.com/acs/, 19 pages, 7 figure

Maps on the basis of the Arts & Humanities Citation Index: The journals Leonardo and Art Journal versus "Digital Humanities" as a topic

The possibilities of using the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) for journal mapping have not been sufficiently recognized because of the absence of a Journal Citations Report (JCR) for this database. A quasi-JCR for the A&HCI (2008) was constructed from the data contained in the Web-of-Science and is used for the evaluation of two journals as examples: Leonardo and Art Journal. The maps on the basis of the aggregated journal-journal citations within this domain can be compared with maps including references to journals in the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index. Art journals are cited by (social) science journals more than by other art journals, but these journals draw upon one another in terms of their own references. This cultural impact in terms of being cited is not found when documents with a topic such as "digital humanities" are analyzed. This community of practice functions more as an intellectual organizer than a journal

How does a biopsy of endoscopically normal terminal ileum contribute to the diagnosis? Which patients should undergo biopsy?

Background: Terminal ileum endoscopy and biopsy are the diagnostic tools of diseases attacking the ileum. However, abnormal histological findings can be found in endoscopically normal terminal ileum.Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the histopathological results of biopsies from endoscopically normal terminal ileum in order to determine pre-procedure clinical and laboratory factors predicting abnormal histopathological results, if any.Methods: A total of 297 patients who underwent colonoscopy and terminal ileum biopsy and had normal terminal ileum or a few aphthous ulcers in the terminal ileum together with completely normal colon mucosa were included in the study. The patients were grouped into two arms as normal cases and cases with aphthous ulcers. Histopathological and pre-procedural laboratory results of patients were analyzed according to their indications.Results: The terminal ileum was endoscopically normal in 200 patients, and 97 patients had aphthous ulcers. Chronic ileitis rate was present in 5.5% of those with endoscopically normal terminal ileum and in 39.2% of the patients with aphthous ulcers. In both groups, the highest rate of chronic ileitis was detected in the patients with known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (15.4 and 50%, respectively), anemia (9.5 and 43.5%, respectively), and in the patients having chronic diarrhea together with abdominal pain (7.7 and 44.8%, respectively). We found that the sensitivity of mean platelet volume for predicting chronic ileitis was 87% and the specificity was 45% at a cut-off value lower than 9.35 fl.Conclusion: In anemia indication or chronic diarrhea together with abdominal pain, the frequency of aphthous ulcers detected by ileoscopy and the frequency of chronic ileitis detected histopathologically despite a normal-appearing ileum were elevated.Keywords: Terminal ileum; ileoscopy; chronic ileitis; inflammatory bowel diseas

Thrombospondin-1 and VEGF in inflammatory bowel disease

Background and aim: Angiogenesis is an important process in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. We aimed to study the angiogeneic balance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by evaluating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) on colonic epithelial cells, together with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Methods: Twenty-one ulcerative colitis (UC), 14 Crohn’s disease (CD), 11 colorectal cancer patients, and 11 healthy controls colonic biopsy samples were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: The expressions of TSP-1, VEGF, and iNOS in UC and CD groups were higher than expression in healthy control group, all with statistical significance. However, in colorectal cancer group, VEGF and iNOS expressions were increased importantly, but TSP-1 expression was not statistically different from healthy control group’s expression. Both TSP-1 and VEGF expressions were correlated with iNOS expression distinctly but did not correlate with each other. Conclusions: Both pro-angiogeneic VEGF and antiangiogeneic TSP-1 expressions were found increased in our IBD groups, but in colorectal cancer group, only VEGF expression was increased. TSP-1 increases in IBD patients as a response to inflammatory condition, but this increase was not enough to suppress pathologic angiogenesis and inflammation in IBD.Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease; thrombospondin-1; VEGF; iNOS; colon cance

Getting the best out of data for small monograph presses: A case study of UCL press

Digital developments in scholarly publishing are giving rise to new data sources with the potential to provide insight into how OA monographs are being used and to support strategic decision-making by publishers. However, small OA monograph publishers face practical challenges in identifying relevant data, as well as in capturing, managing and interpreting it. This case study of UCL Press reports on a collaborative research project that sought to address some of these challenges. The project involved UCL Press, Knowledge Unlatched Research and the Centre for Culture and Technology at Curtin University in Australia (CCAT). Our goal was to identify the extent to which data that can be easily accessed by a small OA monograph press can be combined with low-cost tools for its analysis in order to provide useful insight into development and strategy; and to identify practical steps that can be taken by small OA monograph publishers to ensure that they are making the most of the data that they have access to