Speed of Lexical Access to Arabic and English Letters

To examining the role of cultural differences in speed of lexical access, we employed two types of Posner (1967) name matching task: Arabic and English types. We have conducted an experiment on 30 native Arabic speakers from King Saud University. The results showed that the lexical access to physically identical letters is faster than lexical access to the nominally identical letters. However, there was a significant effect of task's type in the speed of lexical access. Also, the correlations coefficients varied with task's type. In its entirety, these results suggest that the cultural aspects have a role in the speed of lexical access. Keywords: Lexical Access, long term memory, letters matching

People with Disabilities in Qatar

People with disabilities have become a critical, international phenomenon. People with disabilities are those who have a physical or mental condition which limits their movements, senses, or activities. This article is a discussion of the factors which influence the empowerment of Qatari people with disabilities. The Qatari government has gone a long way towards making people with disabilities valued and appreciated by providing opportunities for education and work. Qataris are also keen to apply the literal teachings of Islam, although Qatar’s tribal culture has an effective influence in dealing with people with disabilities. The analysis of the findings from the interviews with charitable organisations’ staff members showed that Qatari people with disabilities still lack the empowerment to achieve their aims of being productive members of society. People with disabilities in Qatar desire a decent life which meets their basic needs such as healthcare, education, and job opportunities

The Effect of Production Sharing, Buyback, and Iranian Petroleum Contracts on the Optimal Production and Drilling Paths of Yadavaran Field: A Dynamic Optimization Approach

The purpose of this study is to compare the economic efficiency of Iran's petroleum contracts, buyback contracts, and production-sharing contracts. This study also determined the optimum path for production and drilling operations in the Yadavaran oil field which has special importance because it is a joint field with Iraq. It was estimated using real field data and the SQP algorithm by MATLAB software. First, the objective function, the constraints of each contract model, and the cost function are defined and expressed based on field data. For the objective function, the oil price is determined based on the reference price scenario and based on the forecast of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Cao et al (2009) 's cost function model is also modified by using historical field data (first development phase data) to be applied to the study field. The results show that the most efficient oil contract is the Iran petroleum contract, with a low floor for capital costs and no limit to the number of drilled wells. it was proved that the buyback contract with the ceiling of capital costs incompatible with the recovery coefficient has recorded the lowest efficiency. Also, the Iran petroleum contract can be a good alternative to the buyback contract, because it can well solve the problems of the buyback contract, especially for joint oil fields where the priority of the objective function of the maximum cumulative production over the objective function of the maximum present value of the total profit is more desirable

Delayed bilateral obturator nerve injury due to compressing bilateral pelvic lymphoceles after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma

A clinically significant obturator nerve injury is uncommon after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy. If the injury is due to a direct intraoperative event such as transection or stretching of the nerve, the patients present typically in the immediate postoperative period. On the other hand, an indirect injury through compression of the nerve through a pelvic fluid collection (hematoma or lymphocele) progresses insidiously and delays the presentation of these patients making a dilemma in recognizing these patients and differentiating them from those with other causes of neurological deficits. A delay in the correct management of the compressing collections may negatively affect the neurological function of the patient. We demonstrate a 61-year-old male who presented with pain and motor weakness of obturator origin 1 week after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy for prostatic cancer. The computed tomography scan showed bilateral pelvic lymphoceles possibly compressing the obturator nerves. The neurological function has improved after evacuation of these collections. This case emphasizes the importance of considering delayed postsurgical compression of the obturator nerve in our differential diagnosis when patients present with typical signs and symptoms of obturator nerve injury after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy. Early diagnosis and evacuation of these collections would improve the neurological outcome

Determinants of mental disorders in Syrian refugees in Turkey versus internally displaced persons in Syria

To compare frequencies of some mental health disorders between Syrian refugees living in Turkey and internally displaced persons in Syria, and to identify factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder.; We carried out a field survey in May 2017 among 540 internally displaced persons in Syria and refugees in Turkey.; The study revealed that mental disorders were highly prevalent in both populations. Major depressive disorder was more frequent among refugees in Turkey than among internally displaced persons in Syria; other mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, were more prevalent in the latter than in the former. Posttraumatic stress disorder was also associated with postmigration factors. Major depressive disorder was more likely among refugees in Turkey. In addition, the likelihood of major depressive disorder was predicted by stopping somewhere else before resettlement in the current location.; The resettlement locus and the context and type of displacement seem to be important determinants of mental health disorders, with postmigration factors being stronger predictors of conflict-related mental health. Internally displaced persons may benefit more from trauma-focused approaches, whereas refugees may derive greater benefit from psychosocial approaches