A INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES GENÉTICOS NOS TRANSTORNOS PSIQUIÁTRICOS

Anxiety and depression are currently the most common mental illnesses worldwide, affecting approximately 30% and 16.6% of women. Genetic factors play an important role in causing these diseases and are believed to be hereditary. Rates of anxiety and depression range from 30 to 40 percent. Although the causes of these diseases are not fully understood, many studies have been attempted. In this context, this study attempts to provide an overview of these diseases through a literature review, mental anxiety and depression, and the committee focused on genetic relationships, including potential candidate genes associated with both disorders. In addition to analyzing the literature obtained, the bibliographic databases PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online were used. After applying the eligibility criteria, 27 articles focusing on etiology were included. The neurobiological and genetic basis of these disorders, genes in GenBank, EMBL-EBI and Europe PubMed Central. These data highlight the importance of combining genetic and neurobiological approaches to elucidate the causes of these mental disorders and may lead to measures to predict risk, enable early diagnosis and promote more effective treatment strategies.A ansiedade e a depressão são atualmente as doenças mentais mais comuns em todo o mundo, afetando aproximadamente 30% e 16,6% das mulheres. Fatores genéticos desempenham um papel importante na causa dessas doenças e acredita-se que sejam hereditárias. As taxas de ansiedade e depressão variam de 30 a 40 por cento. Embora as causas destas doenças não sejam totalmente compreendidas, muitos estudos têm sido tentados. Nesse contexto, este estudo tenta fornecer uma visão geral dessas doenças por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a ansiedade mental e depressão, e o comitê se concentrou nas relações genéticas, incluindo potenciais genes candidatos associados a ambos os transtornos. Além da análise da literatura obtida, foram utilizadas as bases bibliográficas PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos 27 artigos com foco na etiologia. A base neurobiológica e genética desses distúrbios, genes no GenBank, EMBL-EBI e Europe PubMed Central. Esses dados destacam a importância de combinar abordagens genéticas e neurobiológicas elucidar as causas destes transtornos mentais pode levar a medidas para prever o risco, permitir o diagnóstico precoce e promover estratégias de tratamento mais eficazes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Analysis of the antifungal effect of synthetic compounds on Cryptococcus spp.

A terapia da criptococose é limitada por problemas de toxicidade, tolerância aos antifúngicos e alto custo. Estudos realizados com compostos orgânicos de calcogênio, em especial aqueles contendo selênio, mostram que esses apresentam considerável atividade contra microrganismos, incluindo fungos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antifúngico de compostos sintéticos de calcogênio no controle de Cryptococcus spp. usando modelo in vitro e in vivo. Após triagem de 141 compostos sobre Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Candida albicans e Cryptococcus neoformans para determinar atividade antifúngica e avaliação de toxicidade sobre hemácias, selecionamos o composto ALDF_078 como molécula líder para avaliar a atividade anticriptocócica. Esse composto apresentou atividade antifúngica sobre C. neoformans H99 e C. gattii R265 e suas linhagens tolerantes ao fluconazol (FCZ) e também sobre isolados clínicos das duas espécies (CI50: 1 - 8 μg/mL). As concentrações de 4X e 8X CI50 de ALDF_078 apresentaram efeito fungicida sobre C. neoformans H99 após 8h e 4h de exposição à molécula, respectivamente. O tratamento das leveduras com o composto mostrou que este, em geral, causou a diminuição na espessura da cápsula e volume celular de Cryptococcus spp., além de ter aumentado a permeabilidade de membrana das leveduras da linhagem de C. neoformans H99 tolerante ao FCZ. As células em dispersão do biofilme maduro da linhagem não adaptada de C. neoformans H99 foram inibidas por concentrações semelhantes as que inibiram as células planctônicas da mesma linhagem; entretanto, esta molécula não foi capaz de interferir nas células sésseis dos biofilmes maduros. Os experimentos em modelo invertebrado de Galleria mellonella mostraram que doses abaixo de 46,5 mg/kg de ALDF_078, apesar de não serem tóxicas no modelo testado, não foram efetivas no tratamento da infecção por C. neoformans. Nossos dados indicam que o composto ALDF_078 apresenta efeito fungicida, baixa toxicidade e efeitos morfofisiológicos sobre leveduras de Cryptococcus spp. e destacam o potencial desse composto sintético como molécula líder no desenvolvimento de uma opcao terapeutica sobre os agentes da criptococose.Cryptococcosis therapy is limited by toxicity problems, antifungal tolerance and high cost. Studies with organic chalcogen compounds, especially those containing selenium, have shown their activity against microorganisms, including fungi. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal potential of synthetic chalcogen compounds in the control of Cryptococcus spp. using in vitro and in vivo models. After the screening of 141 compounds on Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans for antifungal activity and red blood cell toxicity evaluation, the ALDF_078 compound was selected as leader molecule for anticryptococcal activity evaluation. This compound showed antifungal activity on C. neoformans H99 and C. gattii R265 and their fluconazole (FCZ) tolerant strains, and also on the clinical isolates of the two species (IC50: 1 8 μg/mL). The concentrations at 4X and 8X CI50 of ALDF_078 presented fungicidal effect on C. neoformans H99 after 8h and 4h of molecule exposure, respectively. Treatment of the yeasts with the compound caused a decrease in capsule thickness and cell volume of Cryptococcus spp., besides to increasing membrane permeability of FCZ tolerant C. neoformans H99 yeasts. The dispersion cells from non-adapted C. neoformans H99 mature biofilm were inhibited at similar concentrations that inhibited planktonic cells of the same strain; however, this molecule was unable to interfere with mature biofilm cells. Galleria mellonella invertebrate model experiments have shown that doses below 46.5 mg/kg of ALDF_078, although were not toxic in the tested model, were not effective in treating the infection with C. neoformans. Our data show that the compound ALDF_078 has fungicidal effect, low toxicity and morphophysiological effects on Cryptococcus spp. and highlighted the potential of this synthetic compound as a leader molecule in the development of a therapeutic option for cryptococcosis agents

Avaliação do comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres utilizados como edificações no canteiro de obras

No Brasil, a tecnologia do contêiner como sistema de construção possui o uso preservado em canteiros de obras como escritórios, almoxarifado e estocagem de materiais e ferramentas. No entanto, observam-se poucos trabalhos de abordagens experimentais focadas na análise do comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres usados como edificações. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres utilizados como área de apoio em canteiros de obra, realizando medições das variáveis térmicas e acústicas in loco. Por meio de uma pesquisa empírica, são analisados três contêineres de 20 pés (dimensões externas de 2,438 m de largura × 2,591 m de altura × 6,058 m de comprimento), situados na zona bioclimática 3, adaptados como escritório com banheiro e depósito de materiais no canteiro de obras. As variáveis térmicas, temperatura do ar e temperatura superficial dos fechamentos verticais, e níveis de pressão sonora internos e externos são obtidos por meio de medições in loco baseadas em normas nacionais. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, em relação ao desempenho térmico, o uso de revestimento interno nas paredes e na cobertura com camada de lã de vidro implica em uma variação significativa entre a temperatura máxima interna e a externa. Mas, vale ressaltar que, em condições de infiltração de ar na edificação, essa estratégia não é capaz de garantir desempenho térmico adequado para a zona bioclimática 3, sendo necessário algum tipo de sistema de condicionamento artificial.  No entanto, a composição dos fechamentos com camada isolante proporciona qualidade acústica ao ambiente, mantendo os níveis de pressão sonora abaixo de valores limites especificados pelas normas nacionais

Avaliação do comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres utilizados como edificações no canteiro de obras

No Brasil, a tecnologia do contêiner como sistema de construção possui o uso preservado em canteiros de obras como escritórios, almoxarifado e estocagem de materiais e ferramentas. No entanto, observam-se poucos trabalhos de abordagens experimentais focadas na análise do comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres usados como edificações. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o comportamento térmico e acústico de contêineres utilizados como área de apoio em canteiros de obra, realizando medições das variáveis térmicas e acústicas in loco. Por meio de uma pesquisa empírica, são analisados três contêineres de 20 pés (dimensões externas de 2,438 m de largura × 2,591 m de altura × 6,058 m de comprimento), situados na zona bioclimática 3, adaptados como escritório com banheiro e depósito de materiais no canteiro de obras. As variáveis térmicas, temperatura do ar e temperatura superficial dos fechamentos verticais, e níveis de pressão sonora internos e externos são obtidos por meio de medições in loco baseadas em normas nacionais. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, em relação ao desempenho térmico, o uso de revestimento interno nas paredes e na cobertura com camada de lã de vidro implica em uma variação significativa entre a temperatura máxima interna e a externa. Mas, vale ressaltar que, em condições de infiltração de ar na edificação, essa estratégia não é capaz de garantir desempenho térmico adequado para a zona bioclimática 3, sendo necessário algum tipo de sistema de condicionamento artificial.  No entanto, a composição dos fechamentos com camada isolante proporciona qualidade acústica ao ambiente, mantendo os níveis de pressão sonora abaixo de valores limites especificados pelas normas nacionais.</p