New Polyether Complexes of Germanium(II) and Tin(II): Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Reactivity

The chemistry involving group 14 cations and polyether ligands has been an area of great interest in the last decade. The Macdonald Group has long been interested in the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of polyether complexes containing group 13 and 14 elements in low oxidation state. Recently, our group has demonstrated that the properties of crown ethers and of the more flexible glyme ligands make them ideal for the stabilization of group 14 elements in the +2 oxidation state. Many of the resulting polyether complexes hold great potential for further reactivity in that they may act as Lewis acids to simple nucleophiles like water and ammonia while retaining a non-bonding electron pair. A series of complexes of crown ethers and glymes with Ge(II) and Sn(II) bromide have been synthesized. Specifically, [GeBr([15]crown-5)][GeBr3], [GeBr([18]crown-6)][GeBr3], [GeBr(triglyme)][GeBr3], [GeBr(tetraglyme)][GeBr3], [SnBr([18]crown-6)][SnBr3], [Sn([15]crown-5)2][SnBr3]2, [SnBr(triglyme)][SnBr3] and [SnBr(tetraglyme)][SnBr3] have been fully characterized including by single crystal X-ray diffraction. [GeBr(triglyme)][GeBr3] and [GeBr(tetraglyme)][GeBr3] represent the first examples of crystallographically confirmed glyme complexes of germanium. The synthesis of [GeBr(dibenzo[24]crown-8)][GeBr3] and [GeCl(dibenzo[24]crown-8)][GeCl3] are also reported, along with the crystal structure of the latter’s water adduct, which features the water molecule adjacent to the GeCl+ ion within the cavity of the crown ether. Recrystallization of the salt [SnOTf(dibenzo[24]crown-8)][OTf] generated crystals of the water complex suitable for examination by single crystal X-ray diffraction

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of New Polyether Complexes of Germanium(II) and Tin(II)

A series of germanium(II) and tin(II) bromide polyether complexes have been synthesized. Specifically, [GeBr([15]crown-5)][GeBr3], [GeBr([18]crown-6)][GeBr3], [GeBr(triglyme)][GeBr3], [GeBr(tetraglyme)][GeBr3], [SnBr([18]crown-6)][SnBr3], [Sn([15]crown-5)2][SnBr3]2, [SnBr(triglyme)][SnBr3] and [SnBr(tetraglyme)][SnBr3] have been fully characterized including by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The synthesis of [GeBr(dibenzo[24]crown-8)][GeBr3] and [GeCl(dibenzo[24]crown-8)][GeCl3] are also reported, along with the crystal structure of the latterâ s water adduct, which features a water molecule adjacent to the GeCl+ ion within the cavity of the crown ether.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility Training in the EMT Network

Aim of survey study: The main motivation for this study was to describe and reflect on the landscape of AVT and MA training among EMT universities, with the aim of gaining a picture of whether, how, to what extent and in which AVT and MA areas such training is provided. </p

DigiLing e-Learning Hub: e-Courses for Digital Linguistics

The files represent exported e-learning resources created within the DigiLing project, www.digiling.eu. We have identified seven core subjects in Digital Linguistics and built seven corresponding courses: - Introduction to Text Processing and Analysis - Introduction to Python for Linguists - Computational Lexicology and Lexicography - Localization Tools and Workflows - Post-Editing Machine Translation - Mining and Managing Multilingual Terminology - Variability of Languages in Time and Space The data format is .mbz, a compressed archive compatible with any e-learning environment running Moodle

Urinary podocyte-associated mRNA levels correlate with proximal tubule dysfunction in early diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Aim The study assessed mRNA expression of podocyte-associated molecules in urinary sediments of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in relation to urinary podocytes, biomarkers of podocyte injury and of proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction. Methods A total of 76 patients with type 2 DM and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, and assessed concerning urinary podocytes, urinary mRNA of podocyte-associated genes, urinary biomarkers of podocyte damage and of PT dysfunction. Results We found significant differences between urinary mRNA of podocyte-associated molecules in relation with albuminuria stage. In multivariable regression analysis, urinary mRNA of nephrin, podocin, alpha-actinin-4, CD2-associated protein, glomerular epithelial protein 1 (GLEPP1), ADAM 10, and NFκB correlated directly with urinary podocytes, albuminuria, urinary alpha1-microglobulin, urinary kidney-injury molecule-1, nephrinuria, urinary vascular endothelial growth factor, urinary advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and indirectly with eGFR (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.808; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.825; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.805; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.663; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.726; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.720; p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.724). Conclusions In patients with type 2 DM there is an association between urinary mRNA of podocyte-associated molecules, biomarkers of podocyte damage, and of PT dysfunction. GLEPP1, ADAM10, and NFκB may be considered additional candidate molecules indicative of early diabetic nephropathy. AGE could be involved in this association

Literacy in Digital Environments and Resources (LT-LiDER)

LT-LiDER is an Erasmus+ cooperation project with two main aims. The first is to map the landscape of technological capabilities required to work as a language and/or translation expert in the digitalised and datafied language industry. The second is to generate training outputs that will help language and translation trainers improve their skills and adopt appropriate pedagogical approaches and strategies for integrating data-driven technology into their language or translation classrooms, with a focus on digital and AI literacy