The Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere: Forms of interaction

© the author(s). The relevance of the research problem in the first place is due to the fact that the XXI century has opened for Russia and China new opportunities for further development of bilateral relations, characterized by dynamism over the past decade. Strategic cooperation between Russia and China, proclaimed in the late 90-ies of the last century as the basis, creates regionally favorable political opportunities for bilateral cooperation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, as this aspect of the bilateral relationship hasn't been fully reviewed in the scientific literature. A leading approach to the study of this problem are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, consistency, as well as the description and analysis of specific situations, international projects, their explanation, comparison and generalization. The article presents the results of research the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, namely: the estimation of efficiency of bilateral cooperation in the field of culture, education and science during the studied period is given; identified promising areas of growth for cooperation in the fields of the study; recommendations for improving the implementation of joint humanitarian projects are offered. Materials of the article can be useful for the staff of government institutions in elaboration of regional development strategy in the field of culture, science and education, and also can be used in special and generalizing researches on general history, history of international relations and interstate relations of Russia and China; in the writing of textbooks on modern history of Russia and China, the history of Russian-Chinese political, economic and cultural ties

Вехи формирования исламской традиции на Северо-Восточном Кавказе

The purpose of this article is to show the dynamics of Islam using the history of Islam in the North-East Caucasusas an example. The Islamic tradition has never remained static; it has historically changed in accordance with the requirements of the time and rational expediency. Using the example of the history of Islam in the Caucasus and especially in Dagestan, we can trace the logic of the complex interaction of various factors of history, primarily political, ethnic and religious, which have most influenced the multiple social transformations in this region. The question of the cultural complexity of socio-political and ethno-confessional processes in heterogeneous societies that have experienced numerous influences at various stages of Islamization, starting from the period of early Islam, is connected with the question of the political expediency of disseminating certain ideological and worldview interpretations of the Muslim religion.Цель настоящей статьи — показать историческую динамику процессов исламизации на примере Северо-Восточного Кавказа. Исламская традиция никогда не оставалась статичной, она исторически менялась в соответствии с требованиями времени и рациональным выбором локальных обществ. На примере истории ислама на Кавказе, и особенно в Дагестане, мы можем проследить логику комплексного взаимодействия различных факторов истории, прежде всего, политического, этнического и религиозного, которые в наибольшей степени влияли на множественные общественные трансформации в этом регионе. Вопрос о культурной сложности общественно-политических и этноконфессиональных процессов в разнородных обществах, испытывавших на себе многочисленные влияния на различных этапах исламизации, начиная с периода раннего ислама, связан с вопросом о политической целесообразности распространения тех или иных идеологических и мировоззренческих интерпретаций мусульманской религии

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ РЕЛИГИИ (ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article analyzes the interdisciplinary aspects of the methodology of history connected with the social functions of religion. It is a question of the historicity and relevance of the major problems of human existence. These problems and ways of its solution are important not only in the religious but also in the secular culture. General theoretical reasoning is based primarily on the materials of the Abrahamic religions, including Islam. Статья посвящена проблеме исторических изменений социальных функций религии. Речь идет об определении смысла жизни и смерти, организации жизни и жизненного пространства, поиске своего места в жизни, выработке стратегий примирения  с существующей реальностью, обретении уверенности и преодолении страхов. Несомненно, социальные функции религии остаются актуальными, но в соответствии с изменением действительности меняются формы их выражения. С каждой исторической эпохой индивидуальная вера человека движется от догматического уровня восприятия идеи Бога в сторону религиозно-философского, вплоть до сугубо философского. Религия никогда полностью не уйдет из жизни человека

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СИСТЕМНОЙ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ РЕЛИГИЙ

The article is devoted to the system classifi cation of religions on the basis of various criteria, the most important of which is the communication one. As the cross-cultural method shows, there is no word «religion» in many languages o  f the world, but there is its equivalent, denoting the connection of man with God and supernatural forces. The system classifi cation of religions is more a system of classifi cations than a classifi cation, which based on ideal, hypothetical models. It based on the object of worship (the religion of Nature, the religion of Tradition, the religion of Revelation), on the sources of the doctrine (the religion of the scriptures), on the methods of obtaining information, or, in the religious paradigm, religious knowledge /hidden truths (prophetic, non-prophetic, etc.). The author tries to fi nd conjugations between these classifi cations. The system-communication method is one of many possible ways of scientifi c knowledge of religion, which allows us to divide complex social essences and phenomena into composite elements, and each of them in their close interconnection and interaction with other elements of systematic knowledge, taking into account the specifi city of religious communication.Статья посвящена проблемам системной классификации религий на основе различных критериев, важнейшим из которых является коммуникационный. Как показывает кросс-культурный метод, во многих языках мира нет слова «религия», но есть его эквивалент, обозначающий связь человека с Богом, божествами, сверхъестественными силами. Системная классификация религий — это скорее не одна классификация, а система классификаций, которая исходит из идеальных, гипотетических моделей. В качестве примера автор приводит классификации на основе объекта поклонения (религии Природы, религии Традиции, религии Откровения), источников вероучения (религии Священных культов, религии Священного Предания и религии Священного Писания), способа получения информации, или, в религиозной парадигме, — религиозного знания/сокровенных истин (пророческие, непророческие и промежуточные), а также пытается найти сопряжения между ними в общей системе координат. Системно-коммуникационный метод представляет собой один из многих возможных способов научного познания религии, который позволяет делить сложные социальные сущности и явления на составные элементы и рассматривать каждый из них в их тесной взаимосвязи и взаимодействии с другими элементами системного научного познания с учетом специфики религиозной коммуникации

Соціокультурна ідентичність: соціально-філософський аналіз

Алікберов Р. Д. Соціокультурна ідентичність: соціально-філософський аналіз / Р. Д. Алікберов // Правові та інституційні механізми забезпечення розвитку держави та права в умовах євроінтеграції : матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (20 травня 2016 р., м. Одеса) : у 2 т. Т. 1 / відп. ред. М. В. Афанасьєва. - Одеса : Юридична література, 2016. - С. 20-22

Thermochemistry of heteroatomic compounds X. The thermochemistry of solution and solvation of substituted alkylphosphonic derivatives

The enthalpies of vaporization of different classes of phosphorylated alcohols and amines were determined from their enthalpies of solution in hexane and carbon tetrachloride. The enthalpies of specific (hydrogen-bond) interaction with the solvents (chloroform and pyridine) of derivatives containing X-H groups (X=O or N) in the α-position to the P=O group were detemined. The results were explained in terms of the spatial structure of such compounds

Galaxy Clusters in the Swift/BAT era II: 10 more Clusters detected above 15 keV

We report on the discovery of 10 additional galaxy clusters detected in the ongoing Swift/BAT all-sky survey. Among the newly BAT-discovered clusters there are: Bullet, Abell 85, Norma, and PKS 0745-19. Norma is the only cluster, among those presented here, which is resolved by BAT. For all the clusters we perform a detailed spectral analysis using XMM-Newton and Swift/BAT data to investigate the presence of a hard (non-thermal) X-ray excess. We find that in most cases the clusters' emission in the 0.3-200keV band can be explained by a multi-temperature thermal model confirming our previous results. For two clusters (Bullet and Abell 3667) we find evidence for the presence of a hard X-ray excess. In the case of the Bullet cluster, our analysis confirms the presence of a non-thermal, power-law like, component with a 20-100 keV flux of 3.4 \times 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1 as detected in previous studies. For Abell 3667 the excess emission can be successfully modeled as a hot component (kT=~13keV). We thus conclude that the hard X-ray emission from galaxy clusters (except the Bullet) has most likely thermal origin.Comment: Accepted for publication by Ap

The Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere: Forms of interaction

© the author(s). The relevance of the research problem in the first place is due to the fact that the XXI century has opened for Russia and China new opportunities for further development of bilateral relations, characterized by dynamism over the past decade. Strategic cooperation between Russia and China, proclaimed in the late 90-ies of the last century as the basis, creates regionally favorable political opportunities for bilateral cooperation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, as this aspect of the bilateral relationship hasn't been fully reviewed in the scientific literature. A leading approach to the study of this problem are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, consistency, as well as the description and analysis of specific situations, international projects, their explanation, comparison and generalization. The article presents the results of research the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, namely: the estimation of efficiency of bilateral cooperation in the field of culture, education and science during the studied period is given; identified promising areas of growth for cooperation in the fields of the study; recommendations for improving the implementation of joint humanitarian projects are offered. Materials of the article can be useful for the staff of government institutions in elaboration of regional development strategy in the field of culture, science and education, and also can be used in special and generalizing researches on general history, history of international relations and interstate relations of Russia and China; in the writing of textbooks on modern history of Russia and China, the history of Russian-Chinese political, economic and cultural ties

The Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere: Forms of interaction

© the author(s). The relevance of the research problem in the first place is due to the fact that the XXI century has opened for Russia and China new opportunities for further development of bilateral relations, characterized by dynamism over the past decade. Strategic cooperation between Russia and China, proclaimed in the late 90-ies of the last century as the basis, creates regionally favorable political opportunities for bilateral cooperation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, as this aspect of the bilateral relationship hasn't been fully reviewed in the scientific literature. A leading approach to the study of this problem are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, consistency, as well as the description and analysis of specific situations, international projects, their explanation, comparison and generalization. The article presents the results of research the Tatarstan-Chinese relations in the humanitarian sphere, namely: the estimation of efficiency of bilateral cooperation in the field of culture, education and science during the studied period is given; identified promising areas of growth for cooperation in the fields of the study; recommendations for improving the implementation of joint humanitarian projects are offered. Materials of the article can be useful for the staff of government institutions in elaboration of regional development strategy in the field of culture, science and education, and also can be used in special and generalizing researches on general history, history of international relations and interstate relations of Russia and China; in the writing of textbooks on modern history of Russia and China, the history of Russian-Chinese political, economic and cultural ties