Existence and stability of singular patterns in a Ginzburg–Landau equation coupled with a mean field

We study singular patterns in a particular system of parabolic partial differential equations which consist of a Ginzburg–Landau equation and a mean field equation. We prove the existence of the three simplest concentrated periodic stationary patterns (single spikes, double spikes, double transition layers) by composing them of more elementary patterns and solving the corresponding consistency conditions. In the case of spike patterns we prove stability for sufficiently large spatial periods by first showing that the eigenvalues do not tend to zero as the period goes to infinity and then passing in the limit to a nonlocal eigenvalue problem which can be studied explicitly. For the two other patterns we show instability by using the variational characterization of eigenvalues

Analysis of a corner layer problem in anisotropic interfaces

We investigate a model of anisotropic diffuse interfaces in ordered FCC crystals introduced recently by Braun et al and Tanoglu et al [3, 18, 19], focusing on parametric conditions which give extreme anisotropy. For a reduced model, we prove existence and stability of plane wave solutions connecting the disordered FCC state with the ordered $Cu_3Au$ state described by solutions to a system of three equations. These plane wave solutions correspond to planar interfaces. Different orientations of the planes in relation to the crystal axes give rise to different surface energies. Guided by previous work based on numerics and formal asymptotics, we reduce this problem in the six dimensional phase space of the system to a two dimensional phase space by taking advantage of the symmetries of the crystal and restricting attention to solutions with corresponding symmetries. For this reduced problem a standing wave solution is constructed that corresponds to a transition that, in the extreme anisotropy limit, is continuous but not differentiable. We also investigate the stability of the constructed solution by studying the eigenvalue problem for the linearized equation. We find that although the transition is stable, there is a growing number $0(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$, of critical eigenvalues, where $\frac{1}{\epsilon}$ » $1$ is a measure of the anisotropy. Specifically we obtain a discrete spectrum with eigenvalues \lambda_n = \e^{2/3}\mu_n with $\mu_n$ ~ $Cn^{2/3}$, as $n \to + \infty$. The scaling characteristics of the critical spectrum suggest a previously unknown microstructural instability

Three-Fold Diffraction Symmetry in Epitaxial Graphene and the SiC Substrate

The crystallographic symmetries and spatial distribution of stacking domains in graphene films on SiC have been studied by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and dark field imaging in a low energy electron microscope (LEEM). We find that the graphene diffraction spots from 2 and 3 atomic layers of graphene have 3-fold symmetry consistent with AB (Bernal) stacking of the layers. On the contrary, graphene diffraction spots from the buffer layer and monolayer graphene have apparent 6-fold symmetry, although the 3-fold nature of the satellite spots indicates a more complex periodicity in the graphene sheets.Comment: An addendum has been added for the arXiv version only, including one figure with five panels. Published paper can be found at http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.24140

Two transiting hot Jupiters from the WASP survey : WASP-150b and WASP-176b

Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the FP/2007-2013 ERC grant Agreement No. 336480 and from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. A.C.C. acknowledges support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)consolidated grant No. ST/R000824/1.We report the discovery of two transiting exoplanets from the WASP survey, WASP-150b and WASP-176b. WASP-150b is an eccentric (e = 0.38) hot Jupiter on a 5.6 day orbit around a V = 12.03, F8 main-sequence host. The host star has a mass and radius of 1.4 M⊙ and 1.7 R⊙ respectively. WASP-150b has a mass and radius of 8.5 MJ and 1.1 RJ, leading to a large planetary bulk density of 6.4 ρJ. WASP-150b is found to be ~3 Gyr old, well below its circularization timescale, supporting the eccentric nature of the planet. WASP-176b is a hot Jupiter planet on a 3.9 day orbit around a V = 12.01, F9 sub-giant host. The host star has a mass and radius of 1.3 M⊙ and 1.9 R⊙. WASP-176b has a mass and radius of 0.86 MJ and 1.5 RJ, respectively, leading to a planetary bulk density of 0.23 ρJ.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Optical observation supernova remnants and intergalactic medium dust

This thesis is based on deep optical CCD images which large have been obtained in the light of Hα+[N II], [O III] and [S II]. The resulting mosaic covers an area of 1.4° x 1.0°, where filamentary and diffuse emission was discovered, suggesting the existence of more than one supernova remnants (SNRs) in the area. Deep long slit spectra were also taken at eight different regions. Both the flux calibrated images and the spectra show that the emission of the filamentary structures originates from shock-heated gas, while photo-ionization mechanism is responsible for the diffuse emission. In most case, the optical emission is found to be well correlated with the radio at 1420 MHz and 4850 MHz, suggesting their association. The presence of the [O III] 5007 emission line in one of the candidate SNRs suggests shock velocities into the interstellar "clouds" of >100 Km/s, while the absence in the other indicates slower shock velocities. For all candidate remnants the [S II] λλ 6716/6731 ratio indicates electron densities below 270 cm⁻³, while the Hα emission has been measured to be between 0.6 to 41x10⁻¹⁷ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² arcsec⁻². The detected optical emission could be part of a number of supernovae explosions and the possibility that it is within an OB association can not be ruled out. It will then be the first optical discovery of SRNs within a bubble or superbubble in our Galaxy. Further, the study of those areas also provides information for the star formation history of the Galaxy. Galactic dust constitutes approximately half of the elements more massive than helium produced in stellar nucleosynthesis. Notwithstanding the formation of dust grains in the dense, cool atmospheres of late-type stars, there still remain huge uncertainties concerning the origin and fate of galactic stardust. In this Letter, we identify the intergalactic medium (i.e., the region between gravitationally bound galaxies) as a major sink for galactic dust. We discover a systematic shift in the color of background galaxies viewed through the intergalactic medium of the nearby M81 group. This reddening coincides with atomic, neutral gas previously detected between the group members. The dust–to–H I mass ratio is high (1/20) compared to that of the solar neighborhood (1/120), suggesting that the dust originates from the center of one or more of the galaxies in the group. Indeed, M82, which is known to be ejecting dust and gas in a starburst-driven superwind, is cited as the probable main source.Η διδακτορική διατριβή βασίζεται σε οπτικές παρατηρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν από τα τηλεσκόπια του αστεροσκοπείου του Σκίνακα (το οποίο βρίσκεται στην Κρήτη) και από το τηλεσκόπιο Ισαάκ Νιούτον (που βρίσκεται στη Λα Πάλμα στα Κανάρια νησιά). Από τις παρατηρήσεις αυτές, (οπτικές εικόνες και φάσματα) ανακαλύφθηκαν σε μία περιοχή εβδομήντα τετραγωνικών λεπτών του τόξου της μοίρας, έξι υπολείμματα υπερκαινοφανών αστέρων τα οποία δεν αναγράφονται σε καμία βιβλιογραφία. Τα υπολείμματα αυτά, λόγω της ίδιας περίπου απόστασης που απέχουν, ενδεχομένως να προέρχονται από αλληλεπιδράσεις υπερκαινοφανών αστέρων, οπού η έκρηξη του ενός αστέρα, επιταχύνει την έκρηξη του πλησιέστερου σε αυτόν αστέρα που βρίσκεται στο τελευταίο στάδιο, όταν το ωστικό κύμα διέλθει από αυτόν, δημιουργώντας έτσι μια φυσαλίδα υπολειμμάτων υπερκαινοφανών. Το σημαντικό με αυτή την μελέτη είναι ότι για πρώτη φορά παρατηρήθηκαν στον Γαλαξία μας, στο οπτικό μέρος του φάσματος, μια περιοχή με τόσα υπολείμματα υπερκαινοφανών, παρέχοντάς μας την δυνατότητα να μελετήσουμε τον ρυθμό των εκρήξεων των υπερκαινοφανών με αυτόν της δημιουργίας των υπολειμμάτων τους, και να εξάγουμε συμπεράσματα για τον ρυθμό αστρογένεσης στον Γαλαξία μας. Παράλληλα μελετώντας την ομάδα Μ81, ανιχνεύτηκε για πρώτη φορά στο οπτικό μέρος του φάσματος, σκόνη στην περιοχή μεταξύ των γαλαξιών. Η μελέτη βασίζεται στην σύγκριση του δείκτη χρώματος των γαλαξιών υποβάθρου, των υποψηφίων περιοχών, με τον δείκτη χρώματος γαλαξιών υποβάθρου σε περιοχές που είναι απομακρυσμένες από την ομάδα Μ81, και αποτελούν πεδία ελέγχου. Η συστηματική ερύθρωση που παρουσίαζαν οι γαλαξίες υποβάθρου στις περιοχές πλησίον της ομάδας Μ81 μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί μόνο με την παρουσία μεγάλων ποσοτήτων σκόνης που εμπεριέχονται στο μεσογαλαξιακό χώρο. Η ποσότητα της σκόνης στις περιοχές αυτές υπολογίστηκε ότι είναι περίπου 50 εκατομμύρια ηλιακές μάζες, όσο δηλαδή και η σκόνη που διαθέτει ένας τυπικός σπειροειδής γαλαξίας. Η προέλευση της σκόνης πιθανολογείται ότι οφείλεται σε ένα μέλος της ομάδας (τον γαλαξία Μ82), ο οποίος είναι ένας γαλαξίας με περιοχές έντονης αστρογένεσης και εκτοξεύει μεγάλες ποσότητες σκόνης στο μεσογαλαξιακό χώρο ή στις παλιρροϊκές δυνάμεις που αναπτύχθηκαν κατά την αλληλεπίδραση των γαλαξιών (που έγινε πριν από 200 εκατομμύρια χρόνια) και εκτόξευσαν στον μεσογαλαξιακό χώρο τεράστιες ποσότητες αερίου και μαζί με αυτό και σκόνη. Οι προβλέψεις για την ύπαρξη σκόνης στις περιοχές αυτές, επιβεβαιώθηκε πρόσφατα από τις υπέρυθρες εικόνες που λήφθηκαν από το διαστημικό τηλεσκόπιο Herschel

The discovery of WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b: Insights on giant planet migration and the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert (dataset)

Dataset in NASA Exoplanet Archiv

The discovery of WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b: Insights on giant planet migration and the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert (dataset)

Dataset in NASA Exoplanet Archiv