535 research outputs found
Situations évaluatives menaçantes et gestion de l'attention (hypothÚse de filtrage et rÎle du style de traitement)
Les recherches en psychologie sociale ont mis en Ă©vidence que le caractĂšre Ă©valuatif d'une situation de performance influence la rĂ©ussite des individus. La peur de confirmer une infĂ©rioritĂ© Ă un standard d'Ă©valuation gĂ©nĂšre un inconfort psychologique et amĂšne les individus Ă s'autorĂ©guler. Cette thĂšse vise Ă comprendre Ă partir de quand, comment et pourquoi la situation d'Ă©valuation dĂ©termine le fonctionnement attentionnel des individus. Nous dĂ©fendons l'idĂ©e que les situations Ă©valuatives reprĂ©sentent une menace pour l'image de soi et perturbent l'attention Ă partir du moment oĂč les individus questionnent leurs capacitĂ©s intellectuelles. Deux Ă©tudes dĂ©montrent qu'une situation de comparaison sociale ascendante entraine une focalisation de l'attention quand la dimension de comparaison porte sur l'intelligence. Nous postulons Ă©galement que les modifications attentionnelles qui surviennent en situation Ă©valuative se traduisent au niveau de la sĂ©lection des informations. Trois Ă©tudes mettent en Ă©vidence que le mĂ©canisme de filtrage des informations est plus strict chez les participants en situation Ă©valuative et s'Ă©tablit indĂ©pendamment de phĂ©nomĂšnes concurrents de capture attentionnelle. Enfin, nous proposons que les situations Ă©valuatives amĂšnent les individus Ă basculer dans un mode gĂ©nĂ©ral de traitement de l'information davantage analytique. Nous faisons l'hypothĂšse que ce changement cognitif gĂ©nĂ©ral qui apparaĂźtrait en situation Ă©valuative est un prĂ©curseur Ă la mise en place de filtres attentionnels plus stricts. Trois Ă©tudes pointent le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur de l'adoption d'un style de traitement analytique dans l'apparition de ces effetsResearch in social psychology highlighted that the evaluative nature of performance situations influences individuals' achievement. The fear of possibly being inferior to a standard of evaluation generates psychological discomfort and leads to self-regulation. This thesis aims to understand when, how and why evaluative situations influence individuals' attentional functioning. We defend the idea that evaluative situations represent a threat to self-image and disturb attention if individuals' intellectual abilities are questioned. Two studies demonstrate that a situation of upward social comparison leads to attentional focusing when intelligence is the dimension of comparison. We also postulate that evaluative situations lead to differences in attentional filtering. Three studies show that people in evaluative situations filter more information, and that this mechanism operates independently from concurrent phenomena of attentional capture. Finally, we propose that evaluative situations lead individuals to be in a more analytical general information-processing mode. We hypothesize that this general cognitive change is a forerunner of the implementation of stricter attentional filters in evaluative settings. Three studies show that the adoption of an analytical (i.e., local) processing style mediates the effects of evaluative situations on attention. Taken together, the results support the idea that individuals' cognitive functioning is deeply influenced by characteristics of the immediate performance situationPOITIERS-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (861949901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Les ressources numĂ©riques dâinformation offertes aux parents belges et canadiens francophones en rĂ©ponse au problĂšme de la cyberintimidation : une analyse critique du discours
Cadre de la recherche : Le mot « cyberintimidation » dĂ©signe toute situation oĂč une personne ou un groupe communique un contenu Ă lâaide des technologies socionumĂ©riques, dans le but de nuire au bien-ĂȘtre dâune tierce personne. Cette recherche porte sur les ressources numĂ©riques dâinformation (RNI) offertes aux parents belges et canadiens francophones, en rĂ©ponse Ă ce problĂšme social. Objectifs : Sâappuyant sur la thĂ©orie de lâanalyse critique du discours, notre recherche vise Ă dĂ©crire les maniĂšres dâagir et les maniĂšres dâĂȘtre les plus souvent proposĂ©es aux parents belges et canadiens francophones, puis Ă les Ă©valuer au regard de ce que la recherche scientifique juge souhaitable dans ce domaine. MĂ©thodologie : Une analyse du discours de 17 RNI belges et de 35 RNI canadiennes a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Toutes les propositions traduisant des maniĂšres dâagir et les maniĂšres dâĂȘtre dans ces documents ont Ă©tĂ© classĂ©es dans des catĂ©gories dâanalyse tirĂ©es de la documentation scientifique. RĂ©sultats : Le discours des RNI belges prescrit des modes dâintervention en situation de cyberintimidation qui sont proactifs ; des actions prĂ©ventives misant sur la promotion du respect dâautrui ; une Ă©ducation aux mĂ©dias prescriptive de bons usages ; lâexercice dâune parentalitĂ© dĂ©mocratique Ă tendance autoritaire. Le discours des RNI canadiennes prescrit des modes dâintervention en situation de cyberintimidation axĂ©s sur le bien-ĂȘtre de lâenfant-victime ; des actions prĂ©ventives portĂ©es sur la comprĂ©hension de lâunivers sociomĂ©diatique des jeunes ; une Ă©ducation aux mĂ©dias misant sur lâaccompagnement et le dialogue ouvert ; lâexercice dâune parentalitĂ© dĂ©mocratique Ă tendance permissive. Conclusions : Les deux pays se distinguent sur plusieurs plans en matiĂšre de maniĂšres dâagir et de maniĂšres dâĂȘtre promues dans les discours des RNI. Nos observations rejoignent les conclusions dâenquĂȘtes montrant que lâexercice de la parentalitĂ© en Europe latine se fait selon un modĂšle plus autoritaire que celui qui est en vogue au Canada.
Contribution : Notre recherche confirme le postulat de la thĂ©orie de lâanalyse critique du discours selon lequel les discours sont orientĂ©s par des connaissances de sens commun (croyances, normes, valeurs) gĂ©ographiquement et culturellement situĂ©es.Research Framework : The term âcyberbullyingâ refers to any situation where a person or group communicates content using social-digital technologies in order to harm the well-being of a third person. This research focuses on digital information resources (DIR) addressed to French-speaking parents in Belgium and Canada, in response to this social problem. Objectives : Based on the theory of critical discourse analysis, our research aims to describe the âways of actingâ and the âways of beingâ most often proposed to French-speaking parents in Belgium and Canada, then to evaluate them in terms of what scientific research judges appropriate in this area. Methodology : An analysis of the discourse of 17 Belgian DIRs and 35 Canadian DIRs was conducted. All the propositions presenting âways of actingâ and âways of beingâ in these documents have been classified in analytical categories taken from the scientific documentation. Results : The discourse of the Belgian DIR prescribes modalities of intervention in the situation of cyberbullying which are proactive ; preventive actions focusing on the promotion of respect for others ; a media education prescribing good uses ; the exercise of a democratic parenting with an authoritarian tendency. The discourse of Canadian DIR prescribes modes of intervention in cyberbullying that focus on the well-being of the child-victim ; preventive actions aimed at understanding the socio-media universe of young people ; media education based on support and open dialogue ; the exercise of a democratic parenting with a permissive tendency. Conclusions : The two countries are different in terms of âways of actingâ and âways of beingâ promoted in the discourses of the DIR. Our observations are consistent with the findings of surveys showing that parenting in Latin Europe is conducted in a more authoritarian way than in Canada. Contribution : Our research confirms the postulate of the critical discourse analysis theory to which discourses are oriented by common sense knowledge (beliefs, norms, values) geographically and culturally located
National Stereotypes and Robots' Perception: The âMade inâ Effect
In the near future, the human social environment worldwide might be populated by humanoid robots. The way we perceive these new social agents could depend on basic social psychological processes such as social categorization. Recent results indicate that humans can make use of social stereotypes when faced with robots based on their characterization as âmaleâ or âfemaleâ and a perception of their group membership. However, the question of the application of nationality-based stereotypes to robots has not yet been studied. Given that humans attribute different levels of warmth and competence (the two universal dimensions of social perception) to individuals based in part on their nationality, we hypothesized that the way robots are perceived differs depending on their country of origin. In this study, participants had to evaluate four robots differing in their anthropomorphic shape. For each participant, these robots were presented as coming from one of four different countries selected for their level of perceived warmth and competence. Each robot was evaluated on their anthropomorphic and human traits. As expected, the country of origin's warmth and competence level biased the perception of robots in terms of the attribution of social and human traits. Our findings also indicated that these effects differed according to the extent to which the robots were anthropomorphically shaped. We discuss these results in relation to the way in which social constructs are applied to robots
F.A.R.O.G. FORUM, Vol. 5 No. 8
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1064/thumbnail.jp
F.A.R.O.G. FORUM, Vol. 5 No. 4
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1062/thumbnail.jp
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
Ătre Ă©valuĂ©, se sentir menacĂ©Â : impact sur lâattention, la motivation et la rĂ©ussite
Dans nos sociĂ©tĂ©s dites « mĂ©ritocratiques », lâĂ©valuation des individus tient une place centrale. Que ce soit Ă lâĂ©cole ou au travail, les pratiques Ă©valuatives permettent dâapprĂ©cier lâadĂ©quation dâun individu avec un standard et de distribuer les rĂ©compenses en fonction du rĂ©sultat de lâĂ©valuation. Au cours de la vie dâun individu, les rĂ©compenses issues dâune Ă©valuation positive sont diverses et souvent cruciales, allant de bonnes notes Ă lâĂ©cole, au passage dans la classe supĂ©rieure, lâob..
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