Ultra-short of pico and femtosecond soliton laser pulse using microring resonator for cancer cells treatment

A system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system is presented in which ultra-short single and multi temporal and spatial optical soliton pulses can be simulated and used to thermalbased killing of abnormal cells, tumor and cancer, applicable in nanomedical treatments. This proposed system uses chaotic signals generated by a bright soliton pulse within a nonlinear MRRs system. Interaction between gold nanoparticles and ultra-short femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses holds great interest in laser nanomedicine. By using the appropriate soliton input power and MRRs parameters, required spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Results obtained show that smallest single temporal and spatial soliton pulse with FWHM = 712 fs and FWHM = 17.5 pm could be generated respectively. The add/drop filter system is used to generate high capacity ultra-short soliton pulses in the range of nanometer/second and picometer/second

The comparison of total antioxidant capacity of serum and saliva between patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and control

Background and aim: In human body, there are a number of special systems to defend the damages caused by antioxidant. In some diseases the defense system against antioxidant activity alters and this alteration may be used in recognizing and the processing of different diseases. Diabetes is one of the most common and important chronic illnesses in which the antioxidant capacity is altered. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the antioxidant capacity of both serum and saliva of diabetics compare to the control group. Method: This is a cross - sectional research in which those under studying are 42 people of with typeII diabetes mellitus coming and going to the Arak diabetes center as the case group with 42 people of control group which were in the same age and sex with the people in the case group from the point of total antioxidant capacity in serum and saliva were compared. The capacity of antioxidant in serum and saliva was measured by FRAP method. Results: The average and standard deviation (mean±SD) of the total antioxidant capacity of serum and saliva in case group were in range: 2.51±0.088, 1.90±0.110 and in control group were: 2.90±0.107, 1.97±0.098 . (P=0.001, 0.74) From the statistical viewpoint, the increase in the total antioxidant capacity of serum in case group was meaningful, but the decrease in the total antioxidant capacity in saliva was not meaningful. Conclusion: Our results showed that the antioxidant capacity in the patients, s serum was higher than that in the control group. However, this difference was not observed in the saliva of these two groups. Conclusively, if this capacity of antioxidant is used in recognizing and processing of the disease, this difference should be taken into account

Effect of psychological stress on the salivary alpha amylase and cortisol levels in EFL teachers

Background: Job stress threatens teachers’ well-being and health. Identifying physiological factors that underline job stress is crucial for teachers’ health and students’ learning. This cross sectional study examined the cycle of stress biomarkers (salivary cortisol and alpha amylase) over the course of teaching among Iranian English teachers. Materials and Methods: 59 English teachers from two foreign language institutes in Bushehr province, southern Iran volunteered to participate in this study. The participants’ saliva samples were collected three times over the course of a usual teaching day (before class, during class, and after class). Salivary alpha amylase and cortisol levels were analyzed in the biomarker Sina Lab in Bushehr using commercially available and research-based kinetic reaction (sAA) (Pars Test) and immunoassay (cortisol) kits (IBL). Results: A significant pattern was found for alpha amylase while cortisol did not show any significant change over the course of teaching. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the usefulness and importance of measuring physiological biomarkers in studying teachers’ stress

The Effects of Water Ozonation on Disinfection by-Product Formation

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of water ozonation on disinfection by-product formation.Methods: Experiments were carried out on samples taken from Tajan River, Mazandaran province, Iran. Samples of the pre-filtered raw water and from the 3.5-L water tank reservoir (WT) were analyzed for UV-254 absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HS and non-HS, chlorine residual, Simulated Distributed System Total Trihalomethanes (SDS TTHMs) and SDS halo acetic acids (SDS HAAs). The gaseous ozone concentration was varied between 1.5 and 10 g/m3.Results: The study showed that use of the ozonation treatment system resulted in significant improvement in water quality compared to the filtered raw water and the levels of DOC,  moreover UV absorbing compounds, SDS TTHMs and SDS HAAs were reduced.Conclusions: Ozonation treatment system can be used instead of other disinfection systems such as chlorination which have potential of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) formation

The Effects of Water Ozonation on Disinfection by-Product Formation

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of water ozonation on disinfection by-product formation.Methods: Experiments were carried out on samples taken from Tajan River, Mazandaran province, Iran. Samples of the pre-filtered raw water and from the 3.5-L water tank reservoir (WT) were analyzed for UV-254 absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HS and non-HS, chlorine residual, Simulated Distributed System Total Trihalomethanes (SDS TTHMs) and SDS halo acetic acids (SDS HAAs). The gaseous ozone concentration was varied between 1.5 and 10 g/m3.Results: The study showed that use of the ozonation treatment system resulted in significant improvement in water quality compared to the filtered raw water and the levels of DOC,  moreover UV absorbing compounds, SDS TTHMs and SDS HAAs were reduced.Conclusions: Ozonation treatment system can be used instead of other disinfection systems such as chlorination which have potential of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) formation

Navigating viscosity of ferrofluid using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the capabilities of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) in estimating the viscosity of Fe3O4 nanofluid. Nanoparticles increase the resistance to motion and thus boost the viscosity. Initially, the rheological behavior of the base fluid and nanofluid was investigated and it was found that both fluids are not particularly sensitive to the shear rate, which indicates the Newtonian behavior. Input parameters of temperature and volume fraction and output parameter, nanofluid viscosity were introduced to both techniques to find the best correlation in which the viscosity can be predictable. Comparison of R-square in ANN (0.999) and RSM (0.996) techniques showed that both techniques can navigate the viscosity well. Also the margin of deviation (MOD) and mean square error (MSE) for ANN were 4.22% and 0.0000741 which were lower than the corresponding values in RSM one (MOD = 5.52%, MSE = 0.00027)

Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage (CGS) – Current Status and Opportunities

Carbon dioxide sequestration has gained a great deal of global interest because of the needs and applications of mitigation strategy in many areas of human endeavors including capture and reduction of CO2 emission into atmosphere, oil and gas enhanced production, and CO2 geological storage. In recent years, many developed countries as well as some developing ones have extensively investigated all aspects of the carbon dioxide geological storage (CGS) process such as the potential of storage sites, understanding the behavior of CO2, and its interaction with various formations comprising trapping mechanisms, flow pattern, and interactions with formation rocks and so on. This review presents a summary of recent research efforts on storage capacity estimation techniques in most prominent storage options (depleted oil and gas reservoir, saline aquifers and coal beds), modeling and simulation means followed by monitoring and verification approaches. An evaluation of the more interesting techniques which are gaining attention in each part is discussed

Performing regression-based methods on viscosity of nano-enhanced PCM - Using ANN and RSM

Abstract Evaluation of the use of linear and nonlinear regression-based methods in estimating the viscosity of MWCNT/liquid paraffin nanofluid was investigated in this study. At temperature range of 5–65 °C, the viscosity of samples containing MWCNT nanoparticles at 0.005–5 wt.% which is measured by a Brookfield apparatus, was first evaluated to determine the response to the shear rate. The decrease in viscosity due to the increase in shear rate indicated that the rheological behavior of the nanofluid was non-Newtonian and therefore, in addition to temperature and mass fraction, the shear rate should be considered as an effective input parameter. Linear regression was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) and it was observed that the R-square for the best polynomial was 0.988. The results of nonlinear regression also showed that the neural network consisting of 3 and 13 neurons in the input and hidden layers was able to estimate the viscosity of the nanofluid more accurately so that the R-square value was calculated to be 0.998

Evaluation of the Quality and Quantity Dental Wastes in Dental Centers of Mashhad City, 2017

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Today, one of the most important environmental issues is dental solid wastes due to its high contents of toxic, pathogen and hazardous agents. The aim of this study was to quantity and quality analyses of dental solid waste in dental centers of Mashhad. Materials & Methods:In this descriptive study 40 Dental centers were studied. From each Dental centers, three samples were analyzed at the successive working days (Sunday, Monday and Tuesday). The samples were manually sorted into 64 different components and measured by digital scale. Then, measured components were classified on the basis of characteristic and hazardous potential as well as material type. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics, SPSS 16 software. Results:According to the results, total waste produced in dental centers in Mashhad was 224.137 kg/day. Per capita and the average generation rate of each dentistry center were 106.32 g/day-patient and 5603 g/day, respectively. Potential infectious, domestic-type, chemical & pharmaceutical, and toxic wastes consisted of 41.24, 44.17, 9.89, and 4.7% of the waste generated, respectively. Conclusion: The per capita waste generation in dental clinics in Mashhad is high and the highest share are related to infectious and domestic-type wastes