Primer registro de especies invasoras de chinches (Heteroptera: Coreidae) sobre naranja (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) en Mazatepec, Morelos, México

Algunas de las chinches conocidas dentro de la familia Coreidae están siendo consideradas como especies invasoras. Los autores recolectaron e identificaron adultos de siete especies sobre naranja var. "Valencia", en la localidad de Cuauchichinola, Mazatepec, Morelos. De ellas tres especies fueron de mayor relevancia en las colectas, (Leptoglossus zonatus), seguida de dos especies (Narnia sp y Leptoglossus concolor). Hasta la fecha no se tenían registros en el estado de Morelos de la incidencia de estas chinches sobre esta zona citrícola y específicamente sobre naranja var."Valencia" por lo que deben ser monitoreadas y valoradas como plagas potencialmente peligrosas asociadas con daños y caída de fruta en las zonas citrícolas del estado, así como su posible impacto económico

Detección del virus de la hoja amarilla de la caña de azúcar y virus mosaico de la caña de azúcar en sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) en el Estado de Morelos, México

El presente estudio se realizó en los meses de junio-julio del 2017, con el propósito de determinar la presencia de virus asociados al cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Se muestrearon 21 localidades, distribuidas en 10 municipios de los 33 que forman el Estado de Morelos. Se utilizaron dos anticuerpos para detectar las enfermedades Virus de la hoja amarilla de la caña de azúcar (SCYLV) y Virus mosaico de la caña de azúcar (SCMV). Se analizaron muestras de follaje colectadas al azar en cinco puntos de cada campo o parcela. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante el test inmunoenzimático tipo DAS-ELISA (doble anticuerpo), con un set de reactivos AGDIA (2017), con conjugado de fosfatasa alcalina para (SCMV) y el segundo set de reactivos de NANO Diagnostic (2017) “AC Diagnostic” con conjugado fosfatasa alcalina para (SCYLV). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron presencia de ambas enfermedades virales en el cultivo del sorgo para el estado de Morelos. Con muestras positivas al (SCYLV) y absorbancias altas (1,50 A° y 1,10 A°) en los municipios de Amacuzac y Tequesquitengo respectivamente. Mientras solo dos muestras positivas al (SCMV) fueron detectadas en las localidades de Puente de Ixtla y Yautepec, pero con valores bajos de absorbancia respecto a los controles positivos

Presence of flower thrips Frankliniella schultzei in ornamental plants

Objective: to report the presence of Frankliniella schultzei in geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) and vinca (Catharanthus roseus) plants, in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: geranium and vinca plants were sampled in greenhouses located in the Municipality of Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico. The collected specimens were brown to dark brown color, were processed and mounted on glass slides and identified by means of taxonomic keys and the use of a conventional microscope. Results: the specimens collected in geranium and vinca presented morphological characteristics corresponding to the species Frankliniella schultei. Limitations on study/implications: monitoring of the species is necessary now that its presence is known in at least two areas of Mexico: the west and center of the country. Findings/conclusions: in Mexico, Frankliniella schultzei had only been reported in the west, with this report it is now known that it is also located in the central part of the country.Objective: To report on the presence of Frankliniella schultzei in geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: We sampled geranium and periwinkle plants in greenhouses in the municipality of Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico. The collected specimens—of light to dark brown color—were processed, mounted on glass slides to be observed through a conventional light microscope, and identified with taxonomic keys. Results: The specimens collected in the geranium and periwinkle plants presented morphological traits that conform to the species Frankliniella schultzei. Study limitations/Implications: Monitoring the species is necessary because its presence has been identified in at least two regions of Mexico: West and Center. Findings/Conclusions: Frankliniella schultzei had only been located in western Mexico. This report shows that the species is also found in the central region of the country

Análisis de crecimiento de epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) cultivado en invernadero

The Mexican tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) is used as food, condiment and medicinal. The information related to the nutritional management of the crop production for the Mexican tea is scarce, so, the objective of the study was to determine the effect of three concentrations of the Steiner nutritive solution on the growth and production of Mexican tea grown under greenhouse. The study was conducted in Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. The genotype H-1000 (Hortaflor™) was utilized. Three concentrations of the Steiner nutritive solution (50, 75 and 100 %) were applied, to evaluate the crop growth by destructive samplings at 39, 46, 53, 60, 67 and 74 days after sowing; In each sampling the foliar area, foliar area index, fresh weight, dry matter, growth rates of the crop and absolute growth, was measured and calculated. The variables under study were performed a regression analysis with the Excel® program. In general, with the concentration of the nutritive solution at 100 %, the best results were obtained in all the evaluated variables, compared to the concentration at 75 and 50 %. The highest plant height, leaf area, dry matter, crop growth rate and fresh weight were obtained with the Steiner nutritive solution at 100 %.El epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) se utiliza como alimento, condimento y medicinal. La información sobre el manejo de la nutricional para la producción de epazote es insuficiente, por lo que, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres concentraciones de la solución nutritiva Steiner sobre el crecimiento de epazote cultivado en invernadero. El estudio se realizó en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. El genotipo utilizado fue H-1000 (Hortaflor®). Se aplicaron tres concentraciones (50, 75 y 100 %) de la solución nutritiva Steiner para evaluar el crecimiento del cultivo mediante muestreos destructivos a los 39, 46, 53, 60, 67 y 74 días después de la siembra; en cada muestreo se midió y calculó el área foliar, índice de área foliar, peso fresco, materia seca, tasas de crecimiento del cultivo y absoluta de crecimiento. A las variables se les realizó un análisis de regresión con el programa Excel®. En general, con la concentración de la solución nutritiva a 100 % se obtuvieron los mejores resultados en las variables evaluadas, en comparación a la concentración 75 y 50 %. La mayor altura, área foliar, materia seca, tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y peso fresco se obtuvieron con la solución nutritiva Steiner a 100 %

Efficacy of six fungicides on Mycosphaerella citri in orange 'Valencia' in the Mexican state of Morelos

The efficacy of six fungicides for the control greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside) in orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv 'Valencia' was evaluated in plots with a randomized block design and six treatments: Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole, Flutriafol, Difenoconazole, Benomyl, Copper Oxychloride, Trifloxyistrobin and a control. Three spraying, were made, every fifteen days. During the experiment, the incidence, severity and efficacy in the control of (M.citri) were evaluated. In addition, area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) and disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were calculated. The data were processed through a simple ANOVA. As results, the incidence remained unchanged up to 21 days after treatment (DAT), with low values between 1.3 and 5 %, which increased from 28 DAT (58-96 %). The initially severity was low (0.1-3 %) and was increased up to 32 %. The efficacy 7 DAT had the highest percentages with Benomyl and Trifloxyistrobin (87.5 %) and Difenoconazole (75 %). While at 14 DAT Difenoconazole and Azoxydifem reached 87.5 %. All fungicides reduced the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) in relation to the control and in correspondence the lowest cumulative relative percentages of disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were obtained by Flutriafol, Benomyl and Trifloxystrobin (8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 %), although without statistical differences with other fungicide, only with the control (11.2 %)

Efficacy of six fungicides in the control of Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside in orange cv. 'Valencia' in Tlayecac, Morelos, Mexico

The efficacy of six fungicides for the control greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside) in orange (C. sinensis ) cv. 'Valencia' was evaluated in plots with a randomized block design and six treatments: (Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole), Flutriafol, Difenoconazole, Benomyl, Copper Oxychloride, Trifloxyistrobin and a control. Three spraying, were made, every fifteen days. During the assay, the incidence, severity and efficacy of the diseases were evaluated. In addition, area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) and disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were calculated. The data were processed through a simple ANOVA. As results, the incidence remained unchanged up to 21 days after treatment (DAT), with low values between 1.3 and 5 %, which increased from 28 (DAT) (58-96 %). The initially severity was low (0.1-3 %) and was increased up to 32 %. The efficacy 7 (DAT) had the highest percentages with Benomyl and Trifloxyistrobin (87.5 %) and Difenoconazole (75 %). While at 14 (DAT) Difenoconazole and Azoxydifem reached 87.5 %. All fungicides reduced the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) in relation to the control and in correspondence the lowest cumulative relative percentages of disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were obtained by Flutriafol, Benomyl and Trifloxystrobin (8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 %), although without statistical differences with another fungicide, only with the control (11.2 %)

Fig. 1 in Current and Potential Distribution of the Cactus Weevil,Cactophagus spinolae(Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Mexico

Fig. 1. Potential distribution of Cactophagus spinolae in Mexico. Biogeographic provinces (Morrone 2005, 2014a): 1 = California; 2 = Baja California; 3 = Sonora; 4 = Sierra Madre Occidental; 5 = Mexican Plateau; 6 = Tamaulipeca; 7 = Mexican Pacific Coast; 8 = Transmexican Volcanic Belt; 9 = Sierra Madre Oriental; 10 = Veracruzana; 11 = Balsas Basin; 12 = Sierra Madre del Sur; 13 = Chiapas; 14 = Yucatán. Scale values: blue = absent (0); red = present (1).Published as part of <i>López-Martínez, Víctor, O, Nidia Bélgica Pérez-De La, Ramírez-Bustos, Irene Iliana, Alia-Tejacal, Irán & Jiménez-García, Daniel, 2016, The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (2)</i> on pages 327-334, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.2.327, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10106778">http://zenodo.org/record/10106778</a&gt

In vitro colonial inhibition of an isolate from Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds to fungicide treatments

The aim of the research was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum antracnosis to seven fungicides. It began with an isolate preserved in the ceparium of the Phytopathology Laboratory of the High School Studies of Xalostoc, Morelos. A completely randomized design was used to evaluate the fungicides benomyl, diphenoconazole, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, copper oxychloride, fluoxastrobin and captan, at high, medium and low doses, for a total of 22 treatments with six repetitions. Sterile distilled water was applied to the control. The treatments were applied at a rate of 5 mL per plate, which contained PDA medium and a mycelial disc (Ø 5 mm). The inoculated plates were incubated at 24 °C, in 12 hour photoperiod. The colony diameter was measured every 24 hours and the percent inhibition was calculated. A bifactorial variance analysis was performed, according to Fungicide and Dose; and the differences between treatments were detected by the LSD test with 95 % confidence. The diameter of the colony and the percentage of inhibition did not show differences for dose levels, without significant effects for the interaction of both factors, fungicides, and dose. However, all doses of the different fungicides inhibited colony growth compared to the control. The benomyl, difenoconazol and captan fungicides were able to totally reduce the growth of the C. acutatum colony; followed by copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin and trifloxystrobin in decreasing order. Only benomyl, difenoconazol, captan and copper oxychloride achieved more than 50 % inhibition

Analysis of growth and yield of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions

"The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is an exotic fruit with a growing international market. In Mexico, there is little research on its growth and mineral nutrition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the growth dynamics and