Physiological and growth responses of grapevine rootstocks (Vitis spp.) to organic and synthetic mulch application in arid ecology under the effect of climate change

Agricultural applications in food production have great significance in alleviating the adverse influences of environmental stressors on grapevines. In this context, mulch applications are known as environment-friendly sustainable implementations for efficiently benefiting from limited water sources. Moreover, mulches have many other beneficial effects such as quality assurance, yield improvement, ripening modulation, soil amelioration, erosion prevention and weed control. Therefore the present investigations were performed in an arid ecological condition to reveal the effects of easily available organic mulch (straw) and synthetic mulch (plastic ground covering) on physiology and growth features of worldwide popular grapevine rootstocks (41 B, 99 R 44-53 M and Rupestris du Lot). Saplings of each rootstock variety were transplanted to experimental vineyard at the end of the winter season with the spacing of 1.5 x 3.0 m within and between the rows. Mulch applications were carried out at the transplanting date. Mulch applications provided significant water retention with the higher effect of organic mulch in the soil. Stomatal conductance, leaf temperature and chlorophyll content were generally increased due to mulching. They also significantly improved the leaf and shoot growth of the rootstocks in many cases. Finally, both two mulch applications could be recommended as modern techniques in viticulture to prevent the agricultural water loss and support the plant growth. However, the organic mulch could be employed for organic and/or sustainable grape production or areas where the straw is easily available as residues of animal production

Profundidad de curado, propiedades mecánicas y morfología de resinas compuestas duales

This study evaluated selected structural and physical properties, such as degree of conversion (DC), Vickers hardness (VHN), and compression strength (CS), of three new dual-cure bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs; ACTIVA, HyperFIL, and Fill-Up) and compared them to those of a conventional RBC (Filtek Z250) at three clinically relevant depths. Samples (n=180) were prepared in three depths (2,4, and 6mm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and VHN and CS tests were performed. The DC value was calculated by considering the relative change in the aliphatic C=C peaks. The fractured surfaces of representative samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). According to the VHN results, Filtek Z250 showed the highest bottom/top hardness ratio (97.94±1.01) at 2mm thickness and ACTIVA showed the lowest bottom/top hardness ratio (43.48±5.64) at 6mm thickness (p<0.001). According to the FTIR results, the DC decreased with increasing thickness in all materials (p<0.05). Filtek Z250 showed the highest (301±12.4 MPa) and ACTIVA exhibited the lowest (232±17.2 MPa) CS values at 2mm thickness (p<0.05). The lowest CS values were obtained for ACTIVA, and the highest values were obtained for Filtek Z250 for samples with thicknesses of 4 and 6mm, respectively (p<0.05). The structural features of restorative composites, such as the resin chemistry and filler type and content, and the operational parameters (i.e., material thickness and curing conditions) strongly affect crosslinking reactions and thus the DC, VHN, and CS values.RESUMEN: Este estudio evaluó propiedades físicas y estructurales, como el grado de conversión (DC), la dureza Vickers (VHN) y la resistencia a la compresión (CS), de tres nuevos compósitos a base de resina de curado dual tipo bulk (RBC; ACTIVA , HyperFIL y Fill-Up) y los comparó con los de una resina compuesta convencional (Filtek Z250) en tres profundidades clínicamente relevantes. Se prepararon muestras (n=180) en tres profundidades (2,4 y 6mm). Se realizaron análisis de espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y pruebas VHN y CS. El valor de DC se calculó considerando el cambio relativo en los picos alifáticos C=C. Las superficies fracturadas de muestras representativas se caracterizaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Los datos se evaluaron estadísticamente mediante análisis de varianza de dos vías y pruebas post hoc de Bonferroni (p<0,05). De acuerdo con los resultados de VHN, Filtek Z250 mostró la relación de dureza inferior/superior más alta (97,94±1,01) con un espesor de 2mm y ACTIVA mostró la relación de dureza inferior/superior más baja (43,48±5,64) con un espesor de 6mm (p<0,001). De acuerdo con los resultados de FTIR, la DC disminuyó al aumentar el espesor en todos los materiales (p<0,05). Filtek Z250 mostró los valores de CS más altos (301±12,4 MPa) y ACTIVA los más bajos (232±17,2 MPa) a 2mm de espesor (p<0,05). Los valores más bajos de CS se obtuvieron para ACTIVA y los valores más altos para Filtek Z250 para muestras con espesores de 4 y 6mm, respectivamente (p<0,05). Las características estructurales de las resinas compuestas de restauración, como la química; además del tipo y contenido del relleno, y los parámetros operativos (es decir, el espesor del material y las condiciones de curado) afectan en gran medida las reacciones de interacción química y, por lo tanto, los valores de DC, VHN y CS

Evaluation of the effect of topical and systemic ozone application in periodontitis: an experimental study in rats

Objective: The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of systemic and topical ozone application on alveolar bone loss (ABL) by evaluating the effect of Hypoxia-inducible factor −1 alpha (HIF-1-α) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)-positive cells on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in a rat periodontitis model. Methodology: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1) Group C (control group); 2) Group SO (systemic ozone group) and 3) Group TO (topical ozone group). Experimental periodontitis was induced with a 3/0 silk suture placed at the mandibular left first molars of rats, and the suture was removed 14 days later. Ozone gas was injected intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) in SO group. Topical ozone application protocol was performed using an ozone generator at 80% concentration (4th grade) 90- degree probe for the duration of 30 s. Both ozone applications were carried out for two weeks at intervals of two days. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Results:ABL was significantly lower in Group SO compared to Group C (p: 0.0052). HIF-1α- positive cells were significantly lower in Group TO than in Group C (p: 0.0043). RANKL-positive cells were significantly lower in Group SO and in Group TO compared to the control group (p: 0.0033, p: 0.0075, respectively). Conclusion: Both ozone applications decreased RANKL-positive cell counts, TO application decreased HIF-1-α positive cells counts, and SO application was found to be more effective in reducing ABL compared to control group

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and physicochemical properties of some novel N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides

888-900Several N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized and structural analyses have been carried out using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, LC-MS-MS and elemental analyses. Photoluminescence and physicochemical properties have also been conducted. Two 4-aminobenzenesulfonamides have been treated with 2-bromopropionyl bromide in pyridine to give their respective bromo substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides as intermediates. Subsequent reactions with morpholino-, thiomorpholino- and piperazine amines have yielded novel aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives. As it is well known that CA IX and CA XII enzymes play an active role in attacking various cancerous conditions, studies presented in this study target these enzymes with in vitro cytotoxicity studies being performed on the compounds synthesized. The target compounds have been found to be active against some cancerous cells, with mimimal effects on normal cells. The physicochemical data reveal interesting synergistic effects controlling cytotoxicities, where the lipophilicity and polarity combinations play important roles on the eventual observed cytotoxicities. Further, the electronegativity and availability of the electrons of the heteroatoms of the synthesized compounds appear to have an effect on cancer cell cytotoxicities

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and physicochemical properties of some novel N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides

Several N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized and structural analyses have been carried out using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, LC-MS-MS and elemental analyses. Photoluminescence and physicochemical properties have also been conducted. Two 4-aminobenzenesulfonamides have been treated with 2-bromopropionyl bromide in pyridine to give their respective bromo substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides as intermediates. Subsequent reactions with morpholino-, thiomorpholino- and piperazine amines have yielded novel aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives. As it is well known that CA IX and CA XII enzymes play an active role in attacking various cancerous conditions, studies presented in this study target these enzymes with in vitro cytotoxicity studies being performed on the compounds synthesized. The target compounds have been found to be active against some cancerous cells, with mimimal effects on normal cells. The physicochemical data reveal interesting synergistic effects controlling cytotoxicities, where the lipophilicity and polarity combinations play important roles on the eventual observed cytotoxicities. Further, the electronegativity and availability of the electrons of the heteroatoms of the synthesized compounds appear to have an effect on cancer cell cytotoxicities

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Organik Balık Yetiştiriciliği İmkânlarının Araştırılması

Araştırma Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunan Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Giresun ve Ordu illerini kapsamaktadır. Bölge illerinde kayıtlı bulunan, 3 ton/yıl kapasitenin üzerinde ve tatlı sularda (kaynak suyu ve dere suyu) alabalık yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmeler, organik su ürünleri üretimi açısından incelenmiştir. Sektörde organik tarım konusunda önemli bilgi eksikliği olduğu gözlenmiştir. Alabalık çiftliklerinde yapılan incelemeler sonucunda işletme sahiplerinin sadece %33 lük bir kısmı organik tarımı daha önce duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca işletme sahiplerinin sadece % 4’ü organik su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinden haberdar olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. İncelenen işletmelerin çok büyük bir kısmının (%91) yetiştiricilikle ilgili kayıt tutma özelliklerinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Gümüşhane, Artvin ve Rize (yüksek kesimler) illerinde diğer illerimize nazaran önemli sayılabilecek bir organik yetiştiricilik potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Bu da işletmelerin bulundukları bölgelerin kirlilik kaynaklarından uzak bakir bölgeler olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Giresun ve Ordu illerinde bulunan bazı işletmelerin yoğun fındık tarımından dolayı tarımsal kirlilik (gübre-pestisit) riski altında bulundukları, özellikle fındık gübreleme dönemlerinde balık ölümleri görüldüğü bazı çiftlik sahipleri tarafından ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca Trabzon, Rize, Giresun ve Ordu İllerimizin sahil kesimine yakın bölgelerde bulunan bazı işletmelerde, dere suyunun bulanması, ısınması ve çeşitli kirlilik problemleri nedeniyle yetiştiricilikte çeşitli sorunlar yaşandığı, diğer bölgelerden biraz daha yoğun hastalık görüldüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Arazi çalışmalarında, uygun potansiyel görülen işletmelerde yapılan su analizleri sonuçlarıyla, Dünya’da organik alabalık yetiştiriciliği ile ilgili su kalite kriterlerini belirten sertifikasyon kuruluşlarının değerleri karşılaştırılmış ve incelenen birçok işletmenin su özelliklerinin bu kriterleri sağladığı görülmüştür

Ternary Transition Metal Complexes with an Azo-Imine Ligand and 2,2’-Bipyridine: Characterization, Computational Calculations, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities

New mononuclear ternary transition metal complexes: [M(HL)(bipy)2]ClO4, (M: Mn(II) for 1, Ni(II) for 2), [M(HL)(bipy) (ClO4)], (M: Ni(II) for 3, Cu(II) for 4, Zn(II) for 5) with M(II), 2-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]-4-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]phenol, H2L, and 2,2ˈ-bipyridine were synthesized. The structures of the complexes were investigated by using various analytical, spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and computational studies containing geometric optimizations and theoretical calculations of vibrations and electronic transitions. IR and thermal analysis data verifies the proposed structure of the complexes. The inhibition activities of the complexes against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) extracted from Ricania simulans adults and nymphs were examined and all the complexes were found to be active. Among the complexes studied, the most inhibition activity was exhibited by complex 5 with the lowest IC50 value (3.2±0.8) for AChE of adults, complex 3 with the lowest IC50 value (4.6±0.8) for AChE of nymphs

Essential oils composition and biological activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Chrysopogon nigritanus and Lavandula coronopifolia grown wild in Sudan

Generally, there are scant data about the constituents and eventually the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants that grow naturally in Sudan. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of EO extracted from the fruit of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold and Zucc.) Endl. (family Cupressaceae), root of Chrysopogon nigritanus (Benth.) Veldkampis (family Poaceae) and aerial part of Lavandula coronopifolia Poir (family Lamiaceae). The fruit of C. obtusa contained only monoterpenes, mainly hydrogenated ones, with α-pinene (69.07%) as the major component. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes comprised the highest content of the C. nigritanus root EO with cedr-8-en-15-ol (28.69%) as the major constituent while aerial parts of L. coronopifolia contained both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and the oxygenated monoterpene lavandulol (26.56%) as dominant compounds. The EO of the root of C. nigritanus significantly displayed (p < 0.05) the highest anti-DPPH radical, Fe3+- and Cu2+-reducing and metal-chelating activities, while that of C. obtusa fruit significantly exerted (p < 0.05) the best anti-ABTS radical and total antioxidant activity. The two EOs significantly exhibited (p < 0.05) the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase and -butyrylcholinesterase activities, respectively, while EO of L. coronopifolia was the only oil to show a considerable inhibitory effect against the tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, EOs from these three plants could be natural agents with promising functional properties for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications

Chemical characterization and biological abilities of Anthocleista djalonensis collected from two locations of Ivory Coast

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts, detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Only the methanolic extracts irrespective of plant parts/location, showed inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (1.42–2.12 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), while only the stem bark methanolic extract of A. djalonensis from Mafiblé was found to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (0.65mg GALAE/g). Thus, findings from this study could be useful for better application of the medicinal benefits from this plant