On the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Intervention of the Spouses on the Reversion Prediction of the People in Methadone Therapy

AbstractProblem setting: Lack of the necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of continuation in addiction. This research has been done in order to define the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. Method: 70 addicted people who had come to “Omid Desertion Center” in Iran-lahijan, were studied by DASS21, and RPS standard measures and CRQ, WRQ, CRI, and AQ questionnaires in this research. Among these people, 30 addicted subjects, who had the criterion for this study, were selected randomly and put into two groups of experimental and controlled group, each with 15 people. The experimental group was in an experiment of cognitive-behavioral intervention for 12 sessions of 90minutes. At the end, both groups were assessed by the same mentioned questionnaires one more time months, they answered to the RPS standard measure. The data were analyzed by the co-variance (ANCOVA, MANCOVA) statistical method. The results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in reversion prediction of the people in theory and the management of stress, anger and worry, and coping skills (problem focused) and not significant in coping skills (emotion focused) and negotiation and solving the probl ems in their spouses. Conclusion: The results of the study show that group cognitive – behavioral intervention on the spouses is an effective method for reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy

Adsorption of sodium hexanoate on α-alumina.

Neutron reflection and adsorption isotherm measurements have been used to study the adsorption behaviour of hexanoic acid onto α-alumina surfaces. Importantly, the pH dependence of the behaviour has been characterised with a pronounced maximum in adsorption identified at a pH of approximately 5, close to the pKa of the acid. The adsorbed layer is identified as a bilayer, which is reasonable given the hydrophilic nature of both side of the layer, and has a thickness of 13 Å, suggesting significant extent of interdigitation. At pH 5, the layer has much lower extent of hydration relative to the higher pH of 7, consistent with the increased total adsorption at pH 5. A number of different mechanisms for the binding of the hexanoic acid to the surface are considered. The experimental data, combined with calculations using equilibrium/binding constants of the surface and ligands, indicates that a ligand exchange reaction may be the most significant mechanism.This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final version has been published by Elsevier in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science here: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979713005560

Neutron reflection study of the adsorption of the phosphate surfactant NaDEHP onto alumina from water.

The adsorption of a phosphorus analogue of the surfactant AOT, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (NaDEHP), at the water/alumina interface is described. The material is found to adsorb as an essentially water-free bilayer from neutron reflection measurements. This is similar to the behavior of AOT under comparable conditions, although AOT forms a thicker, more hydrated layer. The NaDEHP shows rather little variation with added salt, but a small thickening of the layer on increasing the pH, in contrast to the behavior of AOT.We thank BP plc and EPSRC for financial support for this work as well as the ISIS and ILL staff and scientists for the allocation of beam time and technical assistance with NR measurements. We also appreciate Chris Sporikou at Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, for help with the surfactant synthesis.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la504837

Polarized Neutron Reflectometry of Nickel Corrosion Inhibitors.

Polarized neutron reflectometry has been used to investigate the detailed adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition mechanism of two surfactants on a nickel surface under acidic conditions. Both the corrosion of the nickel surface and the structure of the adsorbed surfactant layer could be monitored in situ by the use of different solvent contrasts. Layer thicknesses and roughnesses were evaluated over a range of pH values, showing distinctly the superior corrosion inhibition of one negatively charged surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) compared to a positively charged example (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide) due to its stronger binding interaction with the surface. It was found that adequate corrosion inhibition occurs at significantly less than full surface coverage.X-ray photoelectron spectra were obtained at the National Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) XPS User’s Service (NEXUS) at Newcastle University, an EPSRC midrange facility. NR data were obtained on the D17 instrument, and samples were treated in the laboratories of the Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM) at the Institut Laue-Langevin. M.H.W. is grateful for funding from the Oppenheimer Trust.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Chemical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b0171

Comparison of the level of deprivation of sexual tension in "Iranian" and "American-European" society and its relationship with anxiety, depression and motivation to progress.

Background and purpose: One of the important aspects of the concept of health is mental health, and sexual health is not only a sign of mental health, but its disorder also strongly affects physical health. The purpose of this research was to compare the level of sexual tension deprivation in two Iranian and European-American societies and its relationship with the level of anxiety, depression and motivation to progress. Methods: This research was applied in a causal-comparative way after the event. For this purpose, 219 subjects aged 25 to 55, with secondary education levels and above, including 61 Iranian men and 51 women, and 50 men and 57 women from European-American countries, voluntarily answered the questionnaire. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the severity of sexual deprivation factors, the motivation questionnaire for academic achievement by Hermans (1970), the depression questionnaire (Beck, 1978) and the social interaction anxiety scale (Matik et al., 1998) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test. Results: Comparing the mean and standard deviation of the intensity of the factors that create sexual deprivation in the two research groups showed that the severity of these factors and as a result the level of said deprivation in the Iranian society is higher than the American-European society (p<0.01). Also, the results of multivariate variance analysis showed that Iranian samples had higher scores in all components (P<0.01). Conclusion: This type of deprivation is a product of ancient patterns and as a result of the unique Iranian culture, it has consequences in the insights and behaviors of the Iranian society and has no relation with the orders and values ​​of the Islamic religion. The application of the findings of this research means the concepts obtained in long-term educational and cultural planning

The Architecture of Oligonucleotide-Polycationic Brush Complexes - A Neutron Reflectometry Study

Polycationic brushes are attractive systems for the design of nanomaterials for gene delivery as they enable rational design of their architecture with a broad range of grafting densities, thicknesses and chemistries. Recently, their performance for siRNA delivery was highlighted and the strong impact of their molecular architecture on RNA binding and transfection efficiency now calls for a greater understanding of the architecture of polymer brush-oligonucleotide complexes. In this study, the morphology of polymer brushes with a range of grafting densities, thicknesses and chemistry (weak polybase poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA, and strong poly(2-methacrylolyloxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide), PMETAI) and their complexes with 20 base pair siRNA oligonucleotides are first investigated. These assemblies are then studied via neutron reflectometry, building first a model of brush swelling in deionised water, at three different contrasts, prior to the investigation of brush-RNA complexes. It is found that oligonucleotides infiltrate deep within the brush and alter the morphology of their most basal layer more strongly, regardless of the strength of the polybase. This understanding will enable the improved rational design of polymer brush nanostructures for gene delivery applications

Adsorption from alkane+perfluoroalkane mixtures at fluorophobic and fluorophilic surfaces. I. Nature of the noncritical adsorption profiles

International audienceNeutron reflection has been applied to probe the nature and extent of adsorption from a mixture of (1-x)n-hexane+xperfluoro-n-hexane against silicon substrates modified with alkylsilane (fluorophobic) or fluoroalkylsilane (fluorophilic) coupled layers. For an equimolar mixture (x=0.5, 60.7 vol %) in the one-phase region at T=30 °C—removed both in temperature and composition from the upper critical point at 22.65 °C and x=0.36—the structure was resolved at both fluorophobic and fluorophilic surfaces. Liquid mixtures with three different refractive index contrasts were used to reduce model ambiguity in the ensuing analysis. For both surfaces the composition profiles of the adsorbed liquids could be represented using two-layer slab models which included interlayer Gaussian roughness. For the fluorophobic surface, the thickness of the layer closest to the substrate is ∼20 Å and composed of ∼83 vol % n-hexane, and the second, more dilute layer has a composition profile which decays smoothly into the bulk over a range of ∼100 Å. A similar result is found for the fluorophilic surface, but in this case the layer closest to the substrate is ∼15 Å thick and composed of ∼95 vol % perfluoro-n-hexane. Qualitatively similar behavior is found for adsorption from a mixture with x=0.7 against a fluorophobic substrate and for a mixture with x=0.2 against a fluorophilic substrate

Protein-Nanoparticle Interactions Govern the Interfacial Behavior of Polymeric Nanogels: Study of Protein Corona Formation at the Air/Water Interface

Biomedical applications of nanoparticles require a fundamental understanding of their interactions and behavior with biological interfaces. Protein corona formation can alter the morphology and properties of nanomaterials, and knowledge of the interfacial behavior of the complexes, using in situ analytical techniques, will impact the development of nanocarriers to maximize uptake and permeability at cellular interfaces. In this study we evaluate the interactions of acrylamide-based nanogels, with neutral, positive, and negative charges, with serum-abundant proteins albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G. The formation of a protein corona complex between positively charged nanoparticles and albumin is characterized by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and surface tensiometry; we use neutron reflectometry to resolve the complex structure at the air/water interface and demonstrate the effect of increased protein concentration on the interface. Surface tensiometry data suggest that the structure of the proteins can impact the interfacial properties of the complex formed. These results contribute to the understanding of the factors that influence the bio-nano interface, which will help to design nanomaterials with improved properties for applications in drug delivery