Effects of different levels of dietary microalgae chlorella, Chlorella vulgaris and brewer’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, digestive enzymes and intestine microbiota in juvenile sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, and brewer’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal microbiota in juvenile sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Total numbers of 315 juveniles (24.5 ± 0.2 g) were divided into 7 treatments and were fed with a basal diet containing different amounts of Chlorella and yeast during 8 weeks. Treatments 1 to 7 were fed with a basal included diet that not supplemented with Chlorella and yeast (control or T1); and supplemented with 1% yeast (T2); 0.5% yeast (T3); 3% Chlorella (T4); 5% Chlorella (T5); a combination of 0.5% yeast and 5% Chlorella (T6); and also a combination of 3% yeast and 1% Chlorella (T7), respectively. At the end of trial, growth indices, digestive enzymes and total number of intestinal bacteria were measured. The results showed that the addition of yeast and Chlorella (T6 and T7) to the fish diet enhanced growth performance, increased the secretion of digestive enzymes and also elevated the number of intestinal bacteria compared to the control (p0.05). The results showed that supplementing the diet of sterlet juveniles with microalgae and brewer’s yeast as well as with their combination significantly enhance the growth performance, secretion of digestive enzymes and intestinal bacterial flora

An Analysis of the Simile's Stylistic Functions in Shahnameh's First Volume

One of the ways to discover the beauty of a literary work is to consider its rhetorical techniques. It is worth noting that traditional rhetorical studies with a detailed viewpoint were often limited to describing and determining the frequency and type of stylistic devices in literary texts. A rhetorical stylistic approach, on the other hand, examines the effect of stylistic devices on the processing quality of a particular topic within a particular genre of text. We are dealing with concepts from the fields of criticism, linguistics and the like in this approach. Based on this approach, this article examines similes in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, one of the most important Persian epic literary works, to demonstrate how he used these linguistic and rhetorical devices to narrate the stories. The use of some linguistic and rhetorical devices, notably similes, enabled Ferdowsi to create a unique work by being aware of the differences between epic and other literary genres as well as the necessity to employ special rhetorical techniques appropriate to this genre. Because "simile" is a major component of poetic fantasies in "narrative," it has been of particular interest to the poet as a stylistic element in the Shahnameh. Using rhetorical stylistics approach, the first volume of the Shahnameh was studied in three parts: rhetoric, linguistic goals, and narrative. Accordingly, Ferdowsi has considered the capabilities of a wide range of similes. Furthermore, he has used it in other branches of rhetoric, linguistics, and narrative so that he does not have to use other dull and verbose methods

Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in Kurdistan province, northwest Iran

Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the main health problems worldwide. The signs and symptoms depending on the type of parasite and conditions of host can be mild, moderate, or severe. In the present study, we attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in individuals referred to medical laboratories in Sanandaj city, in the center of Kurdistan province, northwest Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from 1 June 2015 to 31 August 2016, during which 1383 fecal samples were collected randomly from individuals who were referred to medical laboratories. All the samples were examined using direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, and staining methods. Results: Out of the 1383 stool specimens examined, 297 (21.5%) were infected with single or multiple intestinal parasites. Protozoan parasites were detected the most from the samples and helminths were very much less prevalent. Finally, the analyzed data showed a significant difference between intestinal parasitic infections and reasons for referral (p = 0.002), age groups (p ≤ 0.01), education (p ≤ 0.01), and seasonal variation (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections especially protozoan parasites are still prevalent in the center of Kurdistan province. Therefore, health providers are recommended to consider this health problem by establishing accurate diagnosis and designing interventional program to decrease the rate of such infections in this district