Coretractable modules relative to a submodule

Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ a right $R$-module. Let $N$ be a proper submodule of $M$. We say that $M$ is $N$-coretractable (or $M$ is coretractable relative to $N$) provided that, for every proper submodule $K$ of $M$ containing $N$, there is a nonzero homomorphism $f:M/K\rightarrow M$. We present some conditions that a module $M$ is coretractable if and only if $M$ is coretractable relative to a submodule $N$. We also provide some examples to illustrate special cases

HIV and tuberculosis trends and survival of coinfection in a referral center in Tehran: A 12-year study

AbstractObjective/backgroundThe risk of mortality and morbidity among tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients is significantly higher than that of patients infected with TB alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of TB-HIV patients in a TB-referral center during a 10-year follow-up.MethodsAll TB-HIV patients in our referral center were enrolled in the study from 2003 to 2014, and patients were divided into two groups: HIV-TB patients without a history of TB treatment (new cases of TB) and HIV-TB patients with a history of TB treatment. Both groups were treated based on World Health Organization TB-treatment guidelines, and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors of all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring the study, 22 HIV-TB patients with a history of TB treatment and 263 HIV-TB patients with newly diagnosed TB were included. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar, except that miliary TB (98% vs. 2%) and mortality (97% vs. 3%; p=0.06) were more likely in HIV patients with newly diagnosed TB. During TB treatment and subsequent follow-up, two patients did not respond to treatment and 92 (32.3%) patients died, whereas the cure rate was 60%. Pneumothorax [hazard ratio (HR): 3.17], coinfection (herpes zoster, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infection, Pneumocystis jiroveci, candidiasis, and other opportunistic infection; HR: 1.75), CD4<100cells/mL (HR: 1.96), thrombocytopenia (HR: 2.29), and lack of treatment with antiretroviral agents (ART; HR: 2.82) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality according to multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur retrospective review of coinfected TB-HIV patients hospitalized in Tehran showed that the management and monitoring of coinfection, pneumothorax and other adverse effects, as well as early initiation of ART, improved patient survival

Investigation of Rutting Performance of WMA Mixtures Containing Copper Slag

Abstract: Copper slag (CS) is an abrasive blasting grit made of granulated slag from metal smelting processes. As copper slags are known to be waste material and cause a lot of environmental problems, it would be a good idea to use them in different sections of industry such as pavement construction. On the other hand, in order to save energy and reduce the amount of pollutants released during the construction of asphalt pavements, the technology of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is developing considerably. A very high amount of copper slag is produced in south of Iran where the weather is considered to be hot and rutting is the most important distress of asphalt concretes. This paper presents the influence of utilization of copper slag as fine material on the rutting performance of warm mixed asphalt. A laboratory study has been conducted on five asphalt mixtures with various CS contents, namely; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of total aggregates. The amount of optimum bitumen and the value of Marshall Stability (MS) were determined with MS test for the samples. Then creep test and wheel track tests were conducted on the produced samples. The results indicated that the use of 20% CS in WMA enhances the marshal stability and rutting performance of WMA mixtures. However, the resistance of mixtures against rutting falls substantially by adding more than 20% CS

Comparison of gold standards with common histopathologic evaluations in diagnosis of oral neurofibromas in pathology department of Shiraz Dental School

Introduction: Diagnosis of neurofibroma usually is based on the specific morphology and arrangement of mesenchymal cells in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) sections, and detection of mast cells supports the diagnosis. Sometimes definite diagnosis from other mesenchymal lesions may be difficult. The aim of the present study was to compare S100 expression and mast cells count (as Gold Standard) with routine histopathologic diagnosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, all cases of neurofibroma and compatible/ consistent with neurofibroma, that had been diagnosed in department of oral & maxillofacial pathology, school of dentistry, Shiraz, from 1986 to 2013, were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was performed using S100 antibody and slides were stained by Giemsa. S100 labeling index, intensity and distribution as well as mast cells count were evaluated using light microscope. Results: Mast cells were present in 97% of cases that 56.4 % showed 1-200 cells/10HPF. 82 % of cases were positive for S100 that 40.7% showed 2-30% labeling index and 70.4% had moderate intensity for S100 staining. Conclusions: The comparison of routine histopathologic examination with gold standard method in Oral Pathology Department of Shiraz Dental School confirmed the routine histopathologic diagnosis in all cases, therefore no more evaluation may be required if a pathologist considers all routine diagnostic criteria

A Framework for Augmented Reality Based Shared Experiences

Meetings occupy 40% of the average working day. According to the Wall Street Journal, CEOs spend 18 hours, Civil Servants spend 22 Hours, and the average office worker spends 16 hours per week in meetings. Meetings are where information is shared, discussions take place and the most important decisions are made. The outcome of meetings should be clearly understood actions, but this is rarely the case as comprehensive meeting minutes and action points are not often captured. Meetings become ineffective and time is wasted and travelling becomes the biggest obstacle and cost (both monetarily and environmentally). Video conferencing technology has been developed to provide a low-cost alternative to expensive, time-consuming meetings. However, the video conferencing user experience lacks naturalness, and this inhibits effective communication between the participants. The Augmented Reality (AR) shared experience application proposed in this work will be the next form of video conferencing

Pulmonary manifestations in a cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity : an 8-year follow-up study

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of congenital diseases caused by genetic defects in the development and function of the immune system. The involvement of the respiratory tract is one of the most common presentations in IEIs. Methods: Overall, 117 patients with diagnosed IEIs were followed-up within 8 years at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in a questionnaire. Pulmonary function test (PFT), chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained where applicable. Results: Our study population consisted of 48 (41%) patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs), 39 (32%) patients with congenital defects of phagocytes, 14 (11.9%) patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), and 16 (14%) patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD).. Recurrent pneumonia was the most common manifestation, while productive cough appeared to be the most common symptom in almost all diseases. PFT showed an obstructive pattern in patients with PAD, a restrictive pattern in patients with CID, and a mixed pattern in patients with CGD. HRCT findings were consistent with bronchiectasis in most PAD patients, whereas consolidation and mediastinal lesions were more common in the other groups. Conclusions: Pulmonary manifestations vary among different groups of IEIs. The screening for lung complications should be performed regularly to reveal respiratory pathologies in early stages and follow-up on already existing abnormalities. (C) 2022 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications.Peer reviewe

Utilizing Available Maintenance Data, Experience and Skills to Enhance the Performance of Rotating Equipment Cost-Effectively - A Case Study

Nowadays, by increasing competitions in business, decision-making in maintenance management gets higher priorities. While maintenance in many industries is known as a necessary evil, making cost-effective decisions constructed based on analytical and quantitative assessments improve maintenance position from a cost center into a profit generating one. Within the scope of rotating equipment maintenance, it is vital to consider both economic and technical variables integrated to survive in the competitive market. Taking the role of improving rotating equipment performance within a cost-effective approach into account, this project proposes a consistent model followed by substantial results. The model application can be briefed in improvement of decision-making processes from technical and economic perspectives to direct them into the company profitability aligned with the company goals. Further, it proposes technical and economic indicators and improves utilization of maintenance resources including personnel skills and experience to enhance maintenance performance and develop cost-effective scenarios. Within the model, eMDSS (software) is used as an intelligent facilitator/tool which improves accurate decision-making and identifying and prioritizing maintenance problems. To ensure from the model and its tool applicability, it is applied on a real case study and reliability of the achieved results are tested and approved in detail. In result, the project is successful in evaluating previous technical and economic decisions and selecting the most cost-effective scenario for future with a saving value exceeding 133K€ and profit of 114K€ for the case equipment

On μ\mu -singular and μ\mu -extending modules

summary:Let $M$ be a module and $\mu$ be a class of modules in $\operatorname{Mod}-R$ which is closed under isomorphisms and submodules. As a generalization of essential submodules Özcan in [8] defines a $\mu$-essential submodule provided it has a non-zero intersection with any non-zero submodule in $\mu$. We define and investigate $\mu$-singular modules. We also introduce $\mu$-extending and weakly $\mu$-extending modules and mainly study weakly $\mu$-extending modules. We give some characterizations of $\mu$-co-H-rings by weakly $\mu$-extending modules. Let $R$ be a right non-$\mu$-singular ring such that all injective modules are non-$\mu$-singular, then $R$ is right $\mu$-co-H-ring if and only if $R$ is a QF-ring

Analytical bending solution of fully clamped orthotropic rectangular plates resting on elastic foundations by the finite integral transform method

This study presents exact bending solution of fully clamped orthotropic rectangular plates subjected to arbitrary loads resting on elastic foundations, based on the finite integral transform method. In this method, it is not necessary to determine the deformation function because the basic governing equations of the classical plate theory for orthotropic plates have been used. A detailed parametric study is conducted to elucidate the influences of stiffness of elastic medium, plate length, flexural rigidities and distributed transverse load on the deflections. The applicability of the method is extensive since it can solve any plates with different loadings. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the approach, as it is totally in agreement with the other studies