Pathological study of parasitism in racing pigeons: An indication of its effects on community health

Several non-official reports from different clinics, governmental veterinary head-quarters and bird keepers indicate that most of the young pigeons die with suspicious infection to parasites. In addition, the pigeon owners were complaining of skin itching on their head. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the pathological study of parasitism in racing pigeons with an indication of its effects on community health. It was carried out from May to September 2011, by an experimental study on 250 (168 adults and 82 nestlings) blood and faecal samples (Soulsby, 1982) randomly collected from suspected pigeons (mostly young) and 25 specific free pathogen birds as control. Tissue samples of both infected and control birds were removed and compared with samples of the histological study. Moreover, 12 hair samples taken from pigeon owners were checked for external parasites. The data indicate prevalence rate of various helminthes including Raillietina achinobothridia (10.4%), Syngamus trachea (8.4%), Capillaria colombae (6%) and Ascaridia colombae (8.4%). The results reveal some porotozan infections including Haemoproteus colombae (20.8%), Trichomonas gallinae (26.8%) Cryptosporidium sp. (1.2%) and Eimeria sp. (21.6%) and also ectoparasites including Lipeurus sp. (3.2%), Menopen gallinae (15.2%), Ceratophyllus colombae (10.4%) and Louse fly (12%). Multiple infections observed with internal parasites were 19/4%. However, co-infection of internal and external parasites was 24.4%. Meanwhile, five out of the 12 hair samples taken from pigeon owners were infected with the fleas (C. colombae) and lice (M. gallinae) as seen by the clinical manifestation of allergic urticarial reaction and itching. Histological studies showed a visible vascular congestion and a massive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration inside the smooth muscular layer of the small intestine of infected pigeons. This result indicates that pigeons and their owners may be at high risk of single or multiple parasitic infections.Key words: Endoparasite, ectoparasites, ovum, birds, fleas, epidemiology

Polarized Deeply Inelastic Scattering (DIS) Structure Functions for Nucleons and Nuclei

We extract parton distribution functions (PDFs) and structure functions from recent experimental data of polarized lepton-DIS on nucleons at next-to-leading order (NLO) Quantum Chromodynamics. We apply the Jacobi polynomial method to the DGLAP evolution as this is numerically efficient. Having determined the polarized proton and neutron spin structure, we extend this analysis to describe 3He and 3H polarized structure functions, as well as various sum rules. We compare our results with other analyses from the literature.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables. Update to match published versio

Identifying of Entrepreneurship Behaviors: Case of Country in Transition Economy

Successful companies recognize that the most important elements in the organization are the ability to use the creativity of managers and their employees through the recognition of their behaviors. One of the most important strategies for developing Entrepreneurship in organizations is to improve and enhance the Entrepreneurial behavior of employees and sustainable supply chain management, but what is to be deduced from the review of the history of the research is that most of the research in the field of Entrepreneurship personality has featured them. Less focused on behaviors, especially in developing countries and transition economies. The research is part of a series of research that seeks to identify and identify the components of Entrepreneurial behavior in the organization in Iran as a developing country, which is one of the economies in transition. This research is a qualitative research in which a thematic analysis approach has been used. The statistical community of this research is capable of employing 170 employers. The findings of the study showed that 27 components of Entrepreneurial behaviors in the organization, including 10 personality-based Entrepreneurial behaviors and 17 effective Entrepreneurial behaviors from the environment

The question of developing a framework for organizational survival

Despite the large number of firms entering the industry each year, a considerable number of them over different stages of their lifecycle (establishment, development, and etc.), are lost and are experiencing organizational death. Business factors affecting their survival and ability to respond them faster can take appropriate action to ensure their survival. Managers are faced with this question: What are the dimensions of organizational survival? Evaluation studies show that the background models in the areas of growth, development and maturity of the organization, have been studied in various researches. But the survival of the organization requires the introduction of any growth, development and maturation associated with less attention has been and is a multidimensional construct that does not represent different aspects of the organization's survival. The main issue of this paper is to investigate the importance and necessity of developing a framework and structure for organizational multidimensional survival

The question of developing a framework for organizational survival

Despite the large number of firms entering the industry each year, a considerable number of them over different stages of their lifecycle (establishment, development, and etc.), are lost and are experiencing organizational death. Business factors affecting their survival and ability to respond them faster can take appropriate action to ensure their survival. Managers are faced with this question: What are the dimensions of organizational survival? Evaluation studies show that the background models in the areas of growth, development and maturity of the organization, have been studied in various researches. But the survival of the organization requires the introduction of any growth, development and maturation associated with less attention has been and is a multidimensional construct that does not represent different aspects of the organization's survival. The main issue of this paper is to investigate the importance and necessity of developing a framework and structure for organizational multidimensional survival