Antimicrobial activity and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has an increasing benefit because of the rising need for developing environmentally friendly, cost-effective and safe strategies for nanomaterials synthesis. In this study, we investigated the fungus Trichoderma viride, which is used for the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles. The bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was observed spectrophotometrically, and the studied Ag NPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Ag NPs synthesized by T. viride were observed as stabilized and polydispersed globular particles, in sizes ranging from 1 to 50 nm. The antibacterial potential of Ag NPs was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria. The biogenic Ag NPs significantly inhibited the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria

Allometric dynamics of Sinapis alba under different ecological conditions

Objectives: The indigenous oilseed crops are facing the problems of insects, diseases attack with poor yield potential. Canola needs high water requirement and also > 50 % shattering losses. Therefore, farmers are compelled to cultivate alternative crops. Sinapis alba is the best replacement of winter rapeseed due to superior phenotypic plasticity for dry temperate climate like Pakistan Pertinent sowing time augments the soil and climatic resources efficiency in a specific ecological zone to expose various phenological stages for appropriate growth and development to achieve potential yield. Methods: Field experiments were performed to appraise the suitable sowing date at three locations (NARC, SAWCRI and Talagang) in Pothwar plateau of Pakistan. Six sowing dates from 1st October up to 15th December with fifteen days interval were quart replicated in RCBD during two 2017–18 and 2018–19. Explicated environment of various locations prudently influenced Sinapis alba performance and yield attributes to accomplish potential yield during both years. Among sowing dates, 15th October enormously promoted morphological development to attained maximum mean values of pods plant−1, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Among locations, SAWCRI nurtured highest number of plants−2, plant height, primary and secondary branches, pods plant−1, seed pod-1, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Variability in Agro-meteorological indices of three locations significantly influenced the interactive effect of year × location × sowing dates for growth and yield attributes of Sinapis alba. It was observed that 15th October sowing at SAWCRI attained 2.25 t ha−1 seed yield that was 10.9 % and 24.4 % higher from the optimal dates at NARC and Talagang that accomplished 84.43 %. 91.12 % and 95.76 % more yield from the delayed (15th Dec) sowing at three locations. Conclusion: Better coordination of soil and climatic conditions with 15th October sowing for growth and development signified the monumental importance of optimal sowing date as the benchmark of superior crop productivity to improve the livelihood of the farmers

Correction: Saratale et al. Significance of Immune Status of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients in Determining the Efficacy of Therapeutic Interventions. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 349

In the original publication [...

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.Fil: Li, Guo Jie. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Hyde, Kevin D.. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Zhao, Rui Lin. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Hongsanan, Sinang. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Abdel-Aziz, Faten Awad. Sohag University; EgiptoFil: Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.. Sohag University; Egipto. King Saud University; Arabia SauditaFil: Alvarado, Pablo. Alvalab; EspañaFil: Alves Silva, Genivaldo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ammirati, Joseph F.. University Of Washington, Seattle; Estados UnidosFil: Ariyawansa, Hiran A.. Guizhou Academy Of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Baghela, Abhishek. National Fungal Culture Collection Of India (nfcci); IndiaFil: Bahkali, Ali Hassan. King Saud University; Arabia SauditaFil: Beug, Michael. Po Box; Estados UnidosFil: Bhat, D. Jayarama. Azad Housing Society; India. Goa University; IndiaFil: Bojantchev, Dimitar. Mushroomhobby.com; Estados UnidosFil: Boonpratuang, Thitiya. Thailand National Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology; TailandiaFil: Bulgakov, Timur S.. Southern Federal University; RusiaFil: Camporesi, Erio. Società Per Gli Studi Naturalistici Della Romagna; ItaliaFil: Boro, Marcela C.. Instituto de Botânica de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ceska, Oldriska. 1809 Penshurst; CanadáFil: Chakraborty, Dyutiparna. Ministry Of Environment & IndiaFil: Chen, Jia Jia. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Chethana, K. W. Thilini. Mae Fah Luang University; Tailandia. Beijing Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences; ChinaFil: Chomnunti, Putarak. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Consiglio, Giovanni. Via C. Ronzani 61; ItaliaFil: Cui, Bao Kai. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Dai, Dong Qin. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Dai, Yu Cheng. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Daranagama, Dinushani A.. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Das, Kanad. Ministry Of Environment & IndiaFil: Dayarathne, Monika C.. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. World Agro Forestry Centre East And Central Asia Office; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: De Crop, Eske. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: De Oliveira, Rafael J. V.. Federal University of Pernambuco; BrasilFil: de Souza, Carlos Alberto Fragoso. Instituto de Botânica; BrasilFil: de Souza, José Ivanildo. Federal University of Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Dentinger, Bryn T. M.. Aberystwyth University.; Reino UnidoFil: Dissanayake, Asha J.. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Doilom, Mingkwan. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Drechsler Santos, E. Ricardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ghobad Nejhad, Masoomeh. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology; IránFil: Gilmore, Sean P.. University of California Santa Barbara; Estados UnidosFil: Góes Neto, Aristóteles. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Gorczak, Michal. University of Warsaw; PoloniaFil: Sir, Esteban Benjamin. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Botánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentin

Fungal diversity notes 253-366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota