Selective emulsion liquid membrane extraction of silver from photographic waste industries

The field of liquid membrane technology is currently undergoing a rapid expansion in research as well as its application as an industrial separation process. Liquid membrane can be manipulated to selectively separate a specific solute from a mixture and even to extract a solute against its concentration gradient. A liquid membrane system comprises of three liquid phases; feed phase, liquid membrane organic phase and receiving phase. Liquid membrane can be prepared using support or as emulsion (unsupported) liquid membrane. Emulsion liquid membrane is a liquid membrane in which the membrane phase of an emulsion is dispersed into the feed phase to be treated. This method was investigated as an alternative process for the recovery of silver from photographic waste, which contains various metals ions such as silver, iron, sodium and potassium. The important parameters governing the extraction process of silver such as agitation speed, homogenizer speed, surfactant and carrier concentrations, type of diluents, treat ratio and types of stripping solution were investigated. This process has been conducted in a batch system using a mixer-settler. The results show that the mobile carrier Cyanex 302 is selective towards silver and almost completely extract silver over the other metals that existed in the photographic waste. The optimum silver extraction was obtained by using 0.03 M Cyanex 302, 3 % (w/v) Span 80, 250 rpm stirring speed, 1.0 M thiourea in 1.0 M H2SO4 stripping agent, 1:5 of treat ratio, and kerosene as a diluents. The experimental result also shows that the emulsion liquid membrane system could be recycled twice having 80% of silver was extracted. In addition, theoretical studies show that the developed model could predict the extraction performance of the system understudied as obtained from experimental data

Pengurusan dan Pelaksanaan Kokurikulum Sekolah Menengah yang Dilabelkan Terbaik di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur

Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang pengurusan dan pelaksanaan kokurikulum di Sekolah Menengah Taman Maluri. Kuala Lumpur. Sekolah ini telah dilabelkan terbaik dalam pengurusan dan pelaksanaan kokurikulum oleh Jabatan Pendidikan Wilayah Persekutuan. Kajian ini berbentuk deskriptif dan data dianalisis dalam bentuk kekerapan dan peratusan. Kajian ini menggunakan dua set soal selidik iaitu satu set untuk guru dan satu set untuk pelajar manakala satu set soalan temu bual untuk Pengetua, Penolong Kanan Hal Ehwal Murid dan Penyelaras Kokurikulum. Soal selidik untuk guru mengandungi 47 soalan mana kala soal selidik untuk pelajar mengandungi 25 soalan. Kedua-dua soal selidik ini mengandungi soalan yang berbentuk tertutup dan terbuka. Soalan yang berbentuk tertutup, pelajar dan guru dikehendaki memberi pliihan jawapan yang telah disediakan. Soalan berbentuk terbuka pula, pelajar dan guru dikehendaki memberi jawapan berdasarkan pengalaman dan persepsi mereka. Dari segi pengurusan, Pengetua mempunyai gaya pengurusan yang pelbagai iaitu berdasarkan teori Kepimpinan Latuan-Matlamat, teori Kepimpinan Kontingensi, teori Kontinuum Autokratik-Demokratik Tannenbaum, dan teori Situasi. Pengetua mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan guru dan banyak mengadakan perbincangan dan perundingan dalam memberi tugasan di samping membuat keputusan secara mutlat sebagai jalan terakhir

Achieving sustainable construction in the developing countries Of Southeast Asia

Sustainable construction is a way for the building industry to move towards achieving sustainable development, taking into account environmental, socioeconomic and cultural issues. Differing approaches and differing economic markets lead to different priorities. This paper presents the construction scenario of Southeast Asia and the developments in sustainable construction taking place in the region. Barriers to the implementation of sustainable construction are discussed. A list of recommendations was proposed to drive sustainable construction in the region. In conclusion, the status of sustainable construction in Southeast Asia is still in its infancy. The lack of awareness, training and education and ineffective procurement systems are among the major barriers for sustainable construction in the region. In some countries public policies and regulatory frameworks do not encourage the development of the construction sector. Besides the needs for capacities, technologies and tools, total and ardent commitment by all players in the construction sectors including the governments and the public at large are required in order to achieve sustainable construction in South-East Asia

Headmasters/headmistress' roles in facilitating learning organization in selected primary schools in Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to examine headmasters’ and headmistresses’ roles in facilitating learning organization and their perceptions of transformational leadership in primary schools. The study also examined the relationship between the headmasters’ and headmistresses’ perceptions of transformational leadership and their roles in facilitating learning organization. A survey method was used to collect data from 41 headmasters and headmistresses who were pursuing Bachelor degree programme in Educational Management. Organizational learning questionnaire developed by Silins, Zarins and Mulford (2002) was used to measure the roles of headmasters and headmistresses in facilitating learning organization, while transformational leadership questionnaire developed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1996, 1997) was used to assess leadership. Means and Pearson product correlations were used to analyze the data. Major results of this study showed that headmasters and headmistresses have high perceptions of learning organization and transformation leadership. Overall, transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlation with overall learning organization. Each dimension of transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlation with overall learning organization. Further, almost all dimensions of leadership showed significant correlations with dimensions of learning organization

PDE–Based Modelling and Control Strategies for Manufacturing Processes

This work aims to design boundary control strategies to solve demand tracking and backlog problems for manufacturing systems in terms of conservation laws coupled with ODEs in different network topologies. The OCPs are investigated in the dispersing and the merging networks. The problems are optimized utilizing open-loop optimal control based on the direct and the indirect approaches. The proposed approaches enable the solution of the OCPs. All of the approaches, in general, reach a local minima with similar behaviour that leads to the steady-state. The results analysis reveals that each method has its own distinct characteristics. The indirect methodology is characterized by excellent accuracy and minimal processing burden; yet, due to the information necessary to compute the gradient, it is a sensitive method. The ease of use and flexibility to any problem distinguishes the direct method. However, this approach takes substantially longer to achieve a solution when compared to the indirect method. Also, the AMPC was introduced to investigate demand tracking and backlog problems in the context of the complex network of production systems. The addressed network includes structures that are dispersing and merging. Furthermore, the appropriate way to handle the parameters of the AMPC for both control and prediction horizons is addressed. Moreover, the proposed AMPC provides for the solutions of demand tracking and backlog problems. In general, AMPC and traditional MPC attain local minima with similar behaviour that leads to steady-state convergence. When compared to a typical MPC, the AMPC's performance shows a considerable reduction in computational time. Additionally, because it provides a mathematical insight into the method's structure, the AMPC allows for great accuracy of optimal solutions. Finally, the AMPC is characterized by its robustness according to perturbation effects

Headmasters' and headmistresses roles in facilitating learning organization in selected primary schools in Malaysia : a preliminary study

The purpose of this study was to examine headmasters' and headmistresses' roles in facilitating learning organization and their perceptions of transformational leadership in primary schools. The study also examined the relationship between the headmasters'and headmistresses' perceptions of transformational leadership and their roles in facilitating learning organization. A survey method was used to collect data from all headmasters and headmistresses who were pursuing a Bachelor degree in Educational Management. An organizational learning questionnaire developed by Silins, Zarins and Mulford (2002) was modified and used to measure the roles of headmasters and headmistresses in.facilitating learning organization, while a transformational leadership questionnaire developed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1996, 1997) was modified and used to assess leadership. Means and Pearson product correlations were used to analyze the data. Major results of this study showed that headmasters and headmistresses have high perceptions of learning organization and transformation leadership. Overall, transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlations with overall learning organizations. Each dimension of transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlations with overall learning organizations' Furthermore, almost at dimensions of leadership showed significant correlations with dimensions of learning organization

Remaja bercinta: kajian terhadap tiga jenis sekolah menengah kebangsaan, agama dan agama swasta

Remaja bercinta adalah fenomena percintaan antara dua pasangan berlainan jantina di alam persekolahan. Fenomena remaja bercinta yang tidak terkawal boleh membawa kepada permasalahan gejala sosial remaja seperti lari rumah, buang anak, keruntuhan akhlak, dan lemah dalam pelajaran. Kebanyakan kehidupan zaman remaja dihabiskan di alam persekolahan. Di samping peranan ibu bapa, sekolah adalah tempat yang penting untuk memberi pendidikan berkesan terhadap remaja. Selain daripada memberi penekanan terhadap akademik, sekolah juga bertanggungjawab memberi pendidikan tentang isu percintaan dalam kalangan remaja, agar mereka memahami hakikat bercinta. Oleh itu kajian dilakukan terhadap tiga jenis sekolah menengah; sekolah menengah kebangsaan, sekolah menengah agama dan sekolah menengah agama persendirian bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti sejauhmana remaja bercinta, faktor remaja bercinta dan hubungannya terhadap pencapaian akademik. Sebanyak 431 soal selidik telah diterima dari 6 buah sekolah, 2 sekolah mewakili setiap jenis sekolah. Tiga jenis sekolah ini mempunyai persamaan dari aspek kandungan pembelajaran akademik, persekitaran fizikal seperti kemudahan, sekolah jenis campuran jantina dan guru yang bertauliah. Manakala ia mempunyai perbezaan dari perlaksanaan pendidikan, aktiviti kerohanian dan suasana sekolah yang diwujudkan oleh pihak pengurusan. Hasil dapatan mendapati sekolah menengah agama swasta mempunyai paling kurang peratusan remaja bercinta (<10%) berbanding sekolah menengah agama (50%) dan sekolah menengah kebangsaan (80%). Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa remaja bercinta tidak memberi pengaruh terhadap akademik mereka. Kelima-lima faktor seperti diri, rakan, keluarga, media dan internet dikenalpasti mempengaruhi remaja bercinta, bagaimanapun kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang ketara pada jenis sekolah. Hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahawa perlaksanaan pendidikan, jenis aktiviti kerohanian dan suasana sekolah sangat mempengaruhi sikap remaja dan secara tidak langsung memberi kesedaran kepada remaja akan hakikat bercinta yang sebenar dan seterusnya menghindarkan mereka terjebak cinta dalam zaman remaja

Agile-SD: A Linux-based TCP Congestion Control Algorithm for Supporting High-speed and Short-distance Networks

Recently, high-speed and short-distance networks are widely deployed and their necessity is rapidly increasing everyday. This type of networks is used in several network applications; such as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Data Center Networks (DCN). In LANs and DCNs, high-speed and short-distance networks are commonly deployed to connect between computing and storage elements in order to provide rapid services. Indeed, the overall performance of such networks is significantly influenced by the Congestion Control Algorithm (CCA) which suffers from the problem of bandwidth under-utilization, especially if the applied buffer regime is very small. In this paper, a novel loss-based CCA tailored for high-speed and Short-Distance (SD) networks, namely Agile-SD, has been proposed. The main contribution of the proposed CCA is to implement the mechanism of agility factor. Further, intensive simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of Agile-SD compared to Compound and Cubic which are the default CCAs of the most commonly used operating systems. The results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed CCA outperforms the compared CCAs in terms of average throughput, loss ratio and fairness, especially when a small buffer is applied. Moreover, Agile-SD shows lower sensitivity to the buffer size change and packet error rate variation which increases its efficiency.Comment: 12 Page

Evaluation of the Profile and Treatment Results for Allergic Children

Background: The majority of allergy sufferers produce IgE antibodies, which are antigen-specific antibodies; the term sensitivity addresses the clinical articulation of IgE-intervened unfavorably susceptible sickness.Methods: This retrospective analytical study was carried out in the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Muhammad Al-Mousawi Children's Hospital. The data included were those of 422 patients (286 males and 136 females). Their age ranged from  0 to 8.6 years (mean 0.97 ± 1.33) years and 0.6 to 13 years (mean 4.31 ± 2.93) years respectively. Data regarding bronchial asthma, course of the disease, treatment received and outcome at last visit were obtained from the patients' records. The ultimate objective was to evaluate the current epidemiologic and clinical profile as well as risk factors and the therapeutic responses of allergic diseases in our community.Results:  According to a statistical analysis of the patient records, allergic diseases were more prevalent in males than in females (ratio 2.1: 1) and in metropolitan than rural and rustic regions. Positive family background of other atopic sicknesses to be specific unfavorably susceptible rhinitis and atopic dermatitis was higher than positive family background of bronchial asthma in our series. The most common causes of bronchial asthma were environmental and viral factors. Dyspnea, hack and were the most regular side effects for asthma fuel. Outright bosom taking care of didn't appear to safeguard against the improvement of bronchial asthma. The prevalence of mild and moderate cases was higher than that of severe cases. Eosinophils and serum total IgE were both elevated in the laboratory, and the most common treatment in this investigation was inhaled corticosteroids.Conclusion: The procedure can be used in other facilities and pertinent investigations, but these results are particular to our unit and should not be interpreted generally. The sample size and retrospective design of the study limit the validity of the findings and conclusions