Rotation Rate of Particle Pairs in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence

Understanding the dynamics of particles in turbulent flow is important in many environmental and industrial applications. In this paper, the statistics of particle pair orientation is numerically studied in homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow, with Taylor microscale Reynolds number of 300. It is shown that the Kolmogorov scaling fails to predict the observed probability density functions (PDFs) of the pair rotation rate and the higher order moments accurately. Therefore, a multifractal formalism is derived in order to include the intermittent behavior that is neglected in the Kolmogorov picture. The PDFs of finding the pairs at a given angular velocity for small relative separations reveals extreme events with stretched tails and high kurtosis values. Additionally, The PDFs are found to be less intermittent and follow a complementary error function distribution for larger separations.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in European Journal of Mechanics / B Fluid

The judicial resolution of the tension between human rights treaties and shari’a law reservations under the constitution of 2014

The thesis explores the path of ratified human rights treaties in the Egyptian legal system. Although these treaties have the force of law, as mandated by the constitution, the examination of court practice in Egypt shows plenty of cases where the ratified treaties have been judicially discarded due to the conflict with domestic laws or the inconsistency with the rulings of Shari’a law. The thesis examines the judicial phenomenon of overthrowing ratified human rights treaties under the Egyptian constitutional provisions. In order to grasp the foundation of this phenomenon, the thesis studies the rules which regulate the formulation of reservations under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Egypt’s position towards the application of international law on the domestic level, and the interpretation of Shari’a law. The thesis presents three examples of cases where the conflict between ratified human rights treaties, domestic laws, and Shari’a law reservations arise. The thesis demonstrates how the courts’ judgments resolved the conflict, and that the resolution upheld the application of domestic law and overthrew the ratified human rights treaties. Whereas the discussed judgements were made under the former constitutions, the paper investigates the judicial application of ratified human rights treaties under the provisions of the Constitution of 2014. The paper analyzes the novel provisions introduced to the Constitution of 2014 which are related to the application of human rights treaties. Based on these provisions, the paper argues that the constitution of 2014 opens the door for further judicial application of ratified human rights treaties

European Business Interests In Lebanon: An assessment of EU private foreign direct investment in the reconstruction era

The flow of foreign direct investment has long been regarded as the main engine of growth in developing countries. Lebanon has aimed at attracting foreign direct investment to contribute to its economic recovery in the post-civil war period. EU countries were expected to be a major source of investment inflows, partly, due to their rich historical relationship, and partly, as an expected result of the new Euro-Med approach, adopted in the 1990s.This thesis assesses the EU private business interests in Lebanon during the reconstruction period, and investigates to what extent EU business engagements involved FDI. Within this framework, this thesis examines the role of the EU in encouraging the flow of EU private investments into Lebanon. This thesis falls into two parts. The first assesses the history of economic relations between Lebanon and Europe in the modern period, and the development of these relations after the establishment of the EC, examining the role of the latter in reshaping these relations. It also assesses the development of the Lebanese economy since independence from France. In the second part of the thesis, the theoretical framework of FDI is applied to a survey of EU private businesses operating in Lebanon. This helped in answering two questions: what business activities did involve FDI, and why EU firms engagement in FDI was very shallow. The thesis concludes that the lack of FDI activities in Lebanon, whether EU or non-EU, was a result of the lack of comparative location-specific advantages. It also suggests that the Lebanese government should assume a stronger role in improving Lebanon’s comparative advantages in order to attract FDI. The EU should provide substantial help - within the Euro-Med approach - to encourage EU private business investments in the country

Secure Cloud Storage: A Framework for Data Protection as a Service in the Multi-cloud Environment

This paper introduces Secure Cloud Storage (SCS), a framework for Data Protection as a Service (DPaaS) to cloud computing users. Compared to the existing Data Encryption as a Service (DEaaS) such as those provided by Amazon and Google, DPaaS provides more flexibility to protect data in the cloud. In addition to supporting the basic data encryption capability as DEaaS does, DPaaS allows users to define fine-grained access control policies to protect their data. Once data is put under an access control policy, it is automatically encrypted and only if the policy is satisfied, the data could be decrypted and accessed by either the data owner or anyone else specified in the policy. The key idea of the SCS framework is to separate data management from security management in addition to defining a full cycle of data security automation from encryption to decryption. As a proof-of-concept for the design, we implemented a prototype of the SCS framework that works with both BT Cloud Compute platform and Amazon EC2. Experiments on the prototype have proved the efficiency of the SCS framework

Some Generalized Difference Cesàro Double Sequence Space of Fuzzy Real Number Defined by Double Orlicz Function

في هذا البحث قدمنا بعض تعميم اختلاف  لفضاءات المتتابعات الثنائية من الاعداد  الحقيقية   الضبابية  المعرفة بواسطة دالة  أورليسز المضاعفة. وندرس خصائصها المختلفة مثل الكمال والصلابة والتناظر وما إلى ذلك. كما حصلنا على بعض علاقة التضمين التي تتضمن فضاء المتتابعات الثنائيةIn this paper we introduce some generalized difference Cesàro double sequence space of fuzzy real number by using double orlicz function . and we study their different properties like completeness , solidity, symmwtricity etc. . Also we obtain some inclusion relation involving these double sequence space

Stigma during COVID-19 pandemic

The creation and dissemination of COVID-19 stigma can damage efforts exhibited to prevent and counter the spread of the virus. A basic factor that triggers COVID 19 stigma is infodemic. It seems also that stigma and infodemic in the time of COVID-19 pandemic are interrelated to each other and work together. The new front in the COVID-19 battle should be therefore fighting stigma and infodemic driving it given that their impact can be very detrimental and long-lasting without suitable social measures needed to empower and support the vulnerable populations during such a global pandemic. Based on some selected literature and research conducted during the outbreak period of the coronavirus pandemic, the current article sheds light on this topic by focusing on the following points: 1). Definition of Stigma and relevant terms; 2). Victims of social stigma during the COVID 19 Pandemic; 3). Consequences of COVID 19-related Stigma; 4). Infodemic as a key driver of COVID 19-related Stigma; 5). Guidelines to fight stigma and infodemic during COVID-19 pandemic.   &nbsp

Laboratory surface and solid state astrochemistry of biomolecular precursors on grain mimics

The existence of water (H2O) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) in various extraterrestrial environments attracts considerable attention as both molecules are crucial to understanding the genesis of life. This thesis involves investigations of the physical and chemical interactions of CH3CN and H2O ices condensed on an amorphous silica surface using ultrahigh vacuum-based surface science methods (reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, proton- and electron-irradiation experiments) in an effort to understand how such molecules will behave when they are processed by radiation and heat in space environments. The thermal behaviour of CH3CN on H2O and on the silica surface is governed by a balance of intermolecular forces and shows evidence for wetting of the silica surface (formation of a distinct first adsorption layer before multilayer growth) and of dewetting or island formation on the H2O surface (multilayer growth for all CH3CN exposures). This illustrates the importance of the substrate in determining the solid state growth morphology. Physical and chemical processes induced by 250 to 500 eV electrons have been investigated in the CH3CN and H2O systems. Such interactions promote only desorption from both CH3CN and H2O ice surfaces. 200 keV protons irradiation experiments of CH3CN ices, conducted by collaborators in Italy, in contrast showed evidence for chemical reactions in the solid CH3CN. Quantitative measurements of desorption and reaction cross-sections are used to reconcile this stark contrast. The impact of such processes in relation to H2O on astrophysics is investigated through simple numerical simulations using results derived from this work