Assessment of genotype x environment interaction and stability of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed yield under rainfed and supplementary irrigation in central Sudan

ABSTRACT       Sesame knowledge of genotype x environment interaction (GEI) is advantageous in order to have a cultivar that gives consistently high yield in a broad range of environments and to increase the efficiency of breeding programs and selection of the best genotypes. Fifteen genotypes of sesame (Sesamum  indicum L.) were evaluated during 2011 and 2012 rainy seasons, at Wad Medani, Rahad (under supplementary irrigation) and Gedarif (under rainfed), to assess genotype x environment interaction and stability of seed yield. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used in each location. The analysis of variance procedure revealed highly significant differences among the 15 sesame genotypes for seed yield over the eight environments. The mean squares of environment, genotype and genotype x environment interaction were highly significant for seed yield. Both statistical stability models, i. e. Eberhart and Russell (1966) as well as the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis, indicated that genotypes Elgezouli, Promo, Um Shagra and Kenana-2 were the most high yielding and stable genotypes and can be recommended for both rainfed and irrigated areas of central Sudan.                من ميزات دراسة التفاعل الوراثي- البيئي في محصول السمسم معرفة افضل الاصناف ذات الانتاجية العالية في مدي واسع من البيئات المختلفة مما يزيد من كفاءة برامج التربية المستعملة وانتخاب افضل الاصناف. تم تقويم 15 سلالة من السمسم في الموسمين الزراعيين 2011 و2012م في ثلاثة مواقع هي مدني، الرهد (ري تكميلي) والقضارف (ري مطري)، وذلك لتقويم التفاعل الوراثي والبيئي وثبات درجة انتاجية بذور السمسم. استخدم تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بأربع مكررات. اظهرت نتائج تحليل التباين لعدد 15 سلالة من السمسم فروقات معنوية عالية جدا لمعظم الصفات التي درست في كل المواقع والمواسم مع معنوية للتفاعل الوراثي والبيئي لإنتاجية البذور. بناءاً علي نماذج التحليل Eberhart and Russel (1966)              وAdditive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) لتحديد ثبات الاداء معاً وجد ان انتاجية بذور الاصناف الجزولي، برومو، ام شجرة وكنانة-2 ثابتة وعالية في كل المواقع والمواسم. وبناءاً علي ذلك يوصي بزراعة هذه الاصناف في المناطق المطرية والمروية في وسط السودان.                   &nbsp

Dokaz i izdvajanje skupine A rotavirusa iz devine teladi u Sudanu.

A total of 332 fecal samples were collected from 245 diarrheic as well as 75 recovered and 12 healthy camel calves in four different areas in Sudan [north (River Nile), east (Gedarif), central to south (Sennar, Blue Nile) and west (Kordofan) States]. Using ELISA, 46 samples (13.9%) were found positive for group A rotavirus. Out of 46 ELISA positive calves, we found 35 diarrheic up to 3 months of age, 7 recovered 4-6 months of age and 4 clinically healthy 8-12 months of age. Using EM, 6 out of 22 ELISA positive samples showed the well defined wheel-like structure characteristic of rotavirus. The results indicate the significant role of rotavirus in the epidemiology of camel calf diarrhea in Sudan. Attempts to isolate the camel group A rotavirus in MA104 cell culture were carried out on 21 ELISA-positive samples with successful isolation of the virus in 18. The isolated viruses were identified by ELISA and EM. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were manifested as rounding, elongation, triangulation, vacuolation and granulation of cells while the cell sheet remains intact. The CPE appeared on days 3-5 on the first to the second passages after treatment of the inocula and the cell culture media with trypsin. To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of camel rotavirus in cell culture.Prikupljena su 332 uzorka fecesa od 245 devine teladi s proljevom, 75 teladi oporavljene od proljeva i 12 od zdrave devine teladi sa četiri različita područja u Sudanu: sjevernoga (područje rijeke Nila), istočnoga (područje Gedarif), središnjega i južnoga (područje Sennar, Plavi Nil) te zapadnoga područja (Kordofan). Pretragom imunoenzimnim testom 46 uzoraka (13,9%) bilo je pozitivno za skupinu A rotavirusa. Od tih 46 pozitivnih životinja imunoenzimnim testom, 35 s proljevom bilo je u dobi do tri mjeseca, sedam s preboljelim proljevom bilo je u dobi od četiri do šest mjeseci, a četiri životinje u dobi od osam do 12 mjeseci bile su klinički zdrave. Elektronskom mikroskopijom dokazane su čestice karakteristične za rotavirus u šest od 22 uzorka pozitivna pretragom imunoenzimnim testom. Rezultati ukazuju na znatnu ulogu rotavirusa u epizootiologiji proljeva u devine mladunčadi u Sudanu. Skupina A rotavirusa izdvojena je na MA104 staničnoj kulturi iz 18 od 21 uzorka pozitivnoga pretragom imunoenzimnim testom. Izdvojeni virusi bili su identificirani imunoenzimnim testom i elekronskom mikroskopijom. Citopatski učinak očitovao se zaokruživanjem stanica, njihovim izduživanjem, triangulacijom, vakuolacijom i granulacijom, dok je stanični sloj ostao netaknut. Citopatski učinak javljao se za tri do pet dana u prvoj i drugoj pasaži nakon obradbe inokula i staničnog medija tripsinom. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izdvajanju rotavirusa deva u staničnoj kulturi

Endocrine contribution to the sexual dysfunction in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and the role of hyperprolactinemia.

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among males with advanced chronic kidney disease and the effect of treating hyperprolactinemia among these patients. In this prospective study, patients were assessed with history, physical examination, hormonal assessment, and two questionnaires, IIEF and AIPE. Patients with hyperprolactinemia received treatment with cabergoline 0.5 mg once per week for 6 months and were re-evaluated. A total of 102 patients were included in this study, 75 (73.53%) were on hemodialysis, 13 (12.75%) on peritoneal dialysis and 14 (13.73%) on medical treatment alone. Ninety (88.24%) patients had premature ejaculation, 85 (83.33%) had anything from mild-to-moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction. The incidence of hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia was 34.4%. Patients treated with cabergoline (n = 26) showed a significant increase in LH levels (p = .003) and a significant decrease in prolactin levels (p = .003). Testosterone levels and the incidence of erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation did not improve significantly. There is a high incidence of sexual dysfunction among patients. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia is effective in correcting prolactin levels, but does not improve erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation. Therefore, treating hyperprolactinemia is not an overall effective treatment for erectile dysfunction in these patients

Overview on Blood Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

As it is important for the Blood transfusion to be extremely safe, some measures have to be taken long safeguarded the blood supply from the major transfusion transmissible diseases (TTIs).  The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) rises with the number of donors exposed, and the effects of TTI are frequently more severe in immune compromised people. TTIs (hepatitis B virus [HBV], HIV, and hepatitis C virus [HCV]) are examples of typical transfusion-transmitted infectious agents. As a result of the gradual application of nucleic acid-amplification technology (NAT) screening for HIV, HCV, and HBV, the residual risk of infected window-period donations has been minimized. Nonetheless, infections emerge far more frequently than is commonly acknowledged, needing ongoing surveillance and individual assessment of transfusion-associated risk. Although there is a constant need to monitor present dangers owing to established TTI, the ongoing issues in blood safety are mostly related to surveillance for developing agents, as well as the creation of quick reaction systems when such agents are detected

Controversy and Consensus on Indications for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing was recently added to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many conditions and risk factors have been associated with elevated SDF; therefore, it is important to identify the population of infertile men who might benefit from this test. The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to indications for SDF testing, compare the relevant professional society guideline recommendations, and provide expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to take part in a global online survey on SDF clinical practices. This was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist criteria. The responses were compared to professional society guideline recommendations related to SDF and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations on indications for SDF testing were then formulated, and the Delphi method was used to reach consensus. Results: The survey was completed by 436 experts from 55 countries. Almost 75% of respondents test for SDF in all or some men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, 39% order it routinely in the work-up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and 62.2% investigate SDF in smokers. While 47% of reproductive urologists test SDF to support the decision for varicocele repair surgery when conventional semen parameters are normal, significantly fewer general urologists (23%; p=0.008) do the same. Nearly 70% would assess SDF before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), either always or for certain conditions. Recurrent ART failure is a common indication for SDF testing. Very few society recommendations were found regarding SDF testing. Conclusions: This article presents the largest global survey on the indications for SDF testing in infertile men, and demonstrates diverse practices. Furthermore, it highlights the paucity of professional society guideline recommendations. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Controversy and consensus on the management of elevated sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility: A global survey, current guidelines, and expert recommendations

Purpose Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been associated with male infertility and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to the management of elevated SDF in infertile men, summarize the relevant professional society recommendations, and provide expert recommendations for managing this condition. Materials and Methods An online global survey on clinical practices related to SDF was disseminated to reproductive clinicians, according to the CHERRIES checklist criteria. Management protocols for various conditions associated with SDF were captured and compared to the relevant recommendations in professional society guidelines and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations and consensus on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF were then formulated and adapted using the Delphi method. Results A total of 436 experts from 55 different countries submitted responses. As an initial approach, 79.1% of reproductive experts recommend lifestyle modifications for infertile men with elevated SDF, and 76.9% prescribe empiric antioxidants. Regarding antioxidant duration, 39.3% recommend 4–6 months and 38.1% recommend 3 months. For men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, and couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages associated with elevated SDF, most respondents refer to ART 6 months after failure of conservative and empiric medical management. Infertile men with clinical varicocele, normal conventional semen parameters, and elevated SDF are offered varicocele repair immediately after diagnosis by 31.4%, and after failure of antioxidants and conservative measures by 40.9%. Sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction are also management options for couples undergoing ART. For most questions, heterogenous practices were demonstrated. Conclusions This paper presents the results of a large global survey on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF and reveals a lack of consensus among clinicians. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of professional society guidelines in this regard and attempts to highlight the relevant evidence. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Heterosis for yield and yield components in some sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes

ABSTRACT    The objective of this study was to determine the heterotic effect for yield and yield components in some sesame genotypes. Eight sesame lines were selected as parents from the sesame breeding program, Gedarif Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sudan. The parents were crossed in all possible diallel combinations (without reciprocals) to produce 28 single-cross hybrids. The eight parents and 28 F1 generatins were evaluated under rain for two consecutive seasons (2005 and 2006) at Gedarif Research Station. Four of the parents were released varieties viz: Ziraa-9, Kenana-2, Promo and Gedarif-1, and the other four were advanced lines. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to elucidate heterotic effect for yield and yield components among the 36 sesame genotypes. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant,  height to first capsule, capsule length, 1000-seed weight, seed yield/plant and seed yield/ha. Heterosis was calculated as percentage increase or decrease over mid parent, corresponding better parent and standard parent, for the ten characters. Average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in all characters were detected. The cross Gd2002OBN.103×Promo expressed significant negative heterosis for days to 50% flowering for the three types of heterosis, negative heterosis for days to maturity and positive heterosis for seed yield/ha, hence could be exploited for developing early maturing and high yielding varieties. Significant positive heterotic values of the three types of heterosis for seed yield/ha were shown by Gd2002SPSN.53×Gedarif-1 and Gd2002SPSN.53 ×Promo. It is concluded that further testing is needed to confirm consistency of these crosses in terms of their seed yield and stability

GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SESAME (Sesamumindicum L.)

 Two parents with contrasting characters were used, viz; Gd2002SPSN.29 and Ziraa-9 described as (P1) and (P2) respectively. They were selected from the sesame breeding program, Gedarif Research Station, ARC, Sudan. In season 2004 the two parents were crossed to produce F1 hybrid. In season 2005 parents and their F1 were grown. Part of the F1 was selfed to produce F2 and the other part was back crossed to both parents to produce Bc1 and Bc2 progenies. In season 2006 the parents (P1, P2), and their F1and F2 and back crosses (Bc1, Bc2) populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. A wide range of variability was exhibited for most of the characters. The highest seed yield was obtained by the BC2 (714 Kg.ha-1), while the lowest was obtained by the BC1 (286 Kg.ha-1). Considering the nature and magnitude of gene action, improvement of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches plant-1, height to first branch, height to first capsule, capsule length and 1000-seed weight could be achieved through simple pedigree method while hybrid breeding would be most effective for seed yield plant-1 and seed yield.ha-1International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 111-120</p