Database in Warehouse Automation for Electrical Goods

The database is an integral part use in automation applications. Almost every automation application uses a backend database to store information. This relieves the developer of the application from burden of developing a data store and at the same time makes the application portable as the application can cater to the increase in demand just by changing the back end database. Warehouses are becoming very important with the development of ecommerce. The warehouses that were located closer to the stores for easy accesses have been moved away to remote destinations and the size of the warehouses have increased manifolds due to the increase in demands. Hence the automation of the warehouse operations has become essential to increase the productivity and to meet the customer expectations promptly. This study presents the database design and development for a web based warehouse system management system. The design of the system was carried out according the industry standards using Unified Modeling Language and the prototype was implemented using JSP and Microsoft SQL Server 2005. The system was tested for usability using a sample of real warehouse administrator. Their responses were collected using a detailed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 16.

Mechanisms of Laser-Tissue Interaction: Optical Properties of Tissue

Today, lasers are widely used in biology and medicine, and the majority of healthcenters and hospitals utilize modern laser systems for diagnosis and therapy applications.Researchers have introduced different medical applications for different lasers used in surgeries and other medical treatments. Medical lasers can be categorized in both diagnosis and therapy branches. Main difference between diagnosis and therapy applications is the type of laser-tissue interactions. In diagnosis, one tries to arrange a noninvasive method to study the normal behavior of tissue without any damage or clear effect on tissue. But in therapy, such as surgery, a surgeon uses laser as a knife or for affecting a specific region. So, the medical laser applications are defined by the interaction type between laser light and tissues. The knowledge of laser-tissue  interaction can help doctors or surgeons to select the optimal laser systems and modify the type of their therapy. Therefore, we seek to review the mechanisms of laser- tissue interaction. In this paper, the optical properties of biological tissue such as absorption, scattering, penetration and fluorescence are reviewed. Also, the effects of these properties on laser penetration in tissue have been explained

Mechanisms of Laser-Tissue Interaction: II. Tissue Thermal Properties

Laser-tissue interaction is of great interest due to its significant application in biomedical optics in both diagnostic and treatment purposes. Major aspects of the laser-tissue interaction which has to be considered in biomedical studies are the thermal properties of the tissue and the thermal changes caused by the interaction of light and tissue. In this review paper the effects of light on the tissue at different temperatures are discussed. Then, due to the noticeable importance of studying the heat transfer quantitatively, the equations governing this phenomenon are presented. Finally a method of medical diagnosis called thermography and some of its applications are explained

Comparison of lifing results of gas turbine operated in base load and as a back up to wind turbine

When operating the gas turbine in a flexible mode as a back up to renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, tidal and so on. A fluctuation of power produced by the GT will be apparent which in turn will cause low cycle fatigue in the high-pressure turbine blades. The drive behind this study is to estimate the life of a 100 MW GT operated in a baseload scenario and compare the lifing results with two different scenarios of operating the GT as a back up to a wind turbine operated in the UK in 2016. For the estimation of the GT lifing, some performance parameters are essential such as turbine entry temperature (TET), blade cooling temperature (Tc), and the shaft rotational speed (PCN). All these parameters are obtained from running the in-house TURBOMATCH model, which was developed in Cranfield University, under certain operating conditions (temperature and pressure). These values are used with other parameters as input to a FORTRAN code to estimate the lifing and lifing consumption of the GT. In comparison, it was found that the base load scenario has the highest value of creep while in the backup scenarios the LCF was higher due to the power fluctuation

Examination of material variation on the life of gas turbine backing-up renewable energy sources

Gas turbine life and efficiency depend on the operating environment and material performance. Material selection is of prime importance to achieve high life and efficiency. This paper focuses on the study of the effect of material properties and variation in alloy composition ofa high-pressure turbine blade on gas turbine life when works in the flexible mode as a pick-up of renewable sources.A tool has been developed wherein different scenarios can be simulated to obtain engine life consumption factors. The engine life is examined according to the different material for different operating scenarios. It is observed that blade life is highly affected by changing material properties and moreover it is noted that the small change in the mass percentage of some constituent elements of an alloy results in a significant difference in HPT blade life

A Low-Cost Method for Optical Tomography

INTRODUCTION: In this study, arrangement of a low-cost optical tomography device compared to other methods such as frequency domain diffuse tomography or time domain diffuse tomography is reported. This low-cost diffuse optical imaging technique is based on the detection of light after propagation in tissue. These detected signals are applied to predict the location of in-homogeneities inside phantoms. The device is assessed for phantoms representing homogenous healthy breast tissues as well as those representing healthy breast tissues with a lesion inside.METHODS: A diode laser at 780nm and 50 mW is used as the light source. The scattered light is then collected from the outer surface of the phantom by a detector. Both laser and detector are fiber coupled. The detector fiber may turn around the phantom to collect light scattered at different angles. Phantoms made of intralipid as the scattering medium and ink as the absorbing medium are used as samples. Light is collected after propagation in the phantoms and the capability of the device in collecting data and detecting lesions inside the phantoms is assessed. The fact that the detection fiber orbits around the sample and detects light from various angles has eliminated the need to use several detectors and optical fibers. The results obtained from experiments are compared with the results obtained from a finite element method (FEM) solution of diffusion equation in cylindrical geometry written in FORTRAN.RESULTS: The graphs obtained experimentally and numerically are in good accordance with each other. The device has been able to detect lesions up to 13 mm inside the biological phantom.CONCLUSION: The data achieved by the optical tomography device is compared with the data achieved via a FEM code written in FORTRAN. The results indicate that the presented device is capable of providing the correct pattern of diffusely backscattered and transmitted light. The data achieved from the device is in excellent correlation with the numerical solution of the diffusion equation. Therefore, results indicate the applicability of the reported device. This device may be used as a base for an optical imaging. It is also capable of detecting lesions inside the phantom

Estimation of beta-carotene using calibrated reflection spectroscopy method: phantom study

In this work, we use compression and immersio

The investigation of the unseen interrelationship of grain size, ionic defects, device physics and performance of perovskite solar cells

Controlling the phenomenological morphology effects on the performance of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a continuing concern due to its photo-physical complexity and the existing contrary reports. Distinguishing the effect of the formed electron and hole traps in the bulk and at surface/interfaces of the perovskite layer from their impact on the performance of the device can be beneficial in optimizing fabrication methods. Here, the transient AC and steady state DC measurements, and morphology characterizations confirm the variation of performance parameters with respect to grain boundaries growth. The device physics is uncovered with respect to the grain size (GS) of the perovskite layer employing the theoretical drift-diffusion framework incorporating the electronic and ionic contributions. The increase of open circuit voltage (V-oc) for devices with large GS can be associated to the density of defect states. The findings here suggest a more pronounced role of interfaces in efficiency enhancement of the PSCs with the emphasis on the impact of the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite layer interface which is also found to be accountable to the difference between the device internal voltage and the terminal voltage and minimizing this difference can lead to an enhancement of approximately 100 mV in V-oc. Additionally, the electron traps in the bulk of the perovskite layer play a distinguishable role in the reduction of V-oc for the device with the smallest GS. The ionic defect density is also estimated. Considering our results and previous reports, the performance of the PSC is remarkably dependent on the method of fabrication and the associated perovskite conversion mechanism, and not necessarily on GS. The results are expected to deliver important guidelines for the development of more efficient PSCs by further enhancement of the V-oc towards its thermodynamic limit of 1.32V, via creating optimal interfaces

Estimation of beta-carotene using calibrated reflection spectroscopy method: phantom study

In this work, we use compression and immersio