Rental Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma:Case Report

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney is an uncommon recently recognized renal cell carcinoma.We reported A 60 year's old man who presented with right flank pain, abdominal swelling and one attack of hematuria.The intraoperative finding was a huge cystic swelling arising from the right kidney occupying almost all the abdominal cavity displacing the bowel to the left side of the abdomen. There was no ascites or evidences of metastasis. Right radical nephrectomy was done.Then the diagnosis of renal MTSCC was established. General condition of the patient was improved and one year prognosis was satisfactory. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of MTSCC in Sudan, and the outcome of treatment was satisfactory

Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Sudanese Patients, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2018

Background: The level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy is considered an important factor for early diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending Zeenam and Abdullah Khalil Diabetic Centers between June and September 2018. A convenience sample of diabetic patients was used. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, patients’ knowledge, compliance with available treatments, and routine eye examinations was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patients were also asked about the barriers that may interfere with a regular eye examination. Results: A total of 200 patients were enrolled and 94 (47%) of them were female; 13% of the respondents were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, 31.5% were hypertensive, and 13.5% had hyperlipidemia. Additionally, 88.5% of the patients were aware that DM can affect their eyes and 87% had never been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Although around 83% thought that diabetic retinopathy could lead to blindness, only 35.5% of them had undergone fundus examination by ophthalmologists. Moreover, 39% of the participants had irregular diabetes follow-up and 43% monthly follow-up. Only 31% went for regular eye check-up; however, their compliance with routine retinal assessment was poor, with a total of 72.5% of participants assuming that they have good vision and need not get their eyes checked up regularly. The chief factor that was related to increased awareness of diabetic retinopathy in the study was the level of education. Conclusion: Although a large proportion of diabetic patients in Khartoum are aware that diabetes mellitus can affect their eyes, regular retinal assessment of patients was poor, thus hindering early diagnosis and management

The effects of ultra-hydrostatic pressurization of pre-rigor muscle on characteristics of economic importance

This study was designed to confirm or refute the tenderizing effect of ultra-hydrostatic pressure on warm excised pre-rigor muscle, plus to take a thorough look at its effect on some meat characteristics of economic importance. Samples for the experiment were obtained from animals (cattle and sheep) slaughtered at Oregon State University, Meat Science Laboratory. Two muscles from ewe [Longissimus dorsi (L.D) and semimembranosus (S.M)] and four muscles from steer [semitendinosus (S.T), sternomandibularis, supra spinatus (S.S) and Longissimus dorsi (L.D)] were excised from carcasses immediately after slaughtering, skinning and washing. They were vacuum packed and subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 103.5 MNm⁻² at a temperature of 39°C for two minutes. Parameters measured in both control and treatment samples include pH, purge loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), sarcomere length, shear force value, over all shortening percentage and taste panel test. Immediately after treatment the mean pH of the treated samples was found to be significantly (P<.05) lower than the pH from the control samples, however the difference was not significant at 24 hour post mortem. Pressure treatment produced a significant reduction in the water-holding capacity of muscle. Treated Longissimus dorsi (L.D) shortened by 36 percent while control muscle showed a 25 percent over all shortening. Sarcomere length of the treated samples was always significantly (P<.01) shorter than that of controls. Shear force value and taste panel scores indicated a significant tenderizing effect resulting from pressure treatment

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Meat tenderness studies : 1. Electrical stimulation-delayed chilling of beef carcasses. 2. Protein quality of pressurized meat

A 2x2 factorial experimental design with 2 replications was used to study the effects of a combination of electrical stimulation and delayed chilling of pre-rigor muscle on meat characteristics. Twenty Standard and Good grade beef cattle were slaughtered and 5 carcasses were assigned to each of the 4 treatments. Meat characteristics were evaluated subjectively (sensory panel evaluation) and objectively (W-B shear device). Other relative parameters were also measured. Electrically stimulated carcasses cooled faster in the first hr postmortem; thereafter the order of further cooling was reversed. The 24 hr postmortem weight loss in the electrically stimulated with delayed chilling did not differ (P > . 05) from those receiving electrical stimulation plus immediate chilling nor those not stimulated but chilled immediately. For delayed chill carcasses, 24 hr postmortem weight loss was lower (P < . 05) in electrically stimulated than in non-stimulated groups. Electrical stimulation reduced (P < . 05) cooking losses. A further reduction (P < . 05) in cooking losses was achieved by the electrical stimulation-delayed chilling treatment. The difference in sarcomere lengths among the 4 treatments was not significant (P > . 05). At the microstructural level, an open triad and T- system were observed immediately following electrical stimulation. As early as 24 hr postmortem, considerable Z-line degradation was observed in the electrically stimulated and delayed chilled samples. 2. PROTEIN QUALITY OF PRESSURIZED MEAT The effect of hydrostatic pressurization of pre-rigor beef round muscle (semitendinosus) on protein quality was biologically and chemically determined. For biological evaluation rats (Long-Evans strain) were used. Chemical evaluation was carried out by amino acid analysis. The biological and chemical protein efficiency ratios (PER) of pressurized meat were 2.47 and 2. 7 respectively, compared to 2.60 and 2.84 for the control meat. Pressurization did not affect the apparent biological value (BV) or net protein utilization (NPU) of meat but significantly (P <. 05) improved protein digestibility. Total essential and non-essential amino acid contents of pressurized samples were not different from that of the control. At the range tested, the protein quality of meat was not adversely affected by pressure treatment

Testing of a Detection Protocol for Genetically Modified Food Probably Found in Sudanese Markets

This paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Mustafa A. Afandi and Elgasim Ali ElgasimIn recent years, genetically modified foods (GMFs) found their way to the international food markets, particularly those of under-developed countries. The safety of the GMF is a controversial issue, even in the scientific community, and great concern was raised by consumers and legislators. The consumers had the right to know whether their food or some of it is genetically modified. The aim of this study was to develop and test a protocol to detect GMFs in the Sudanese food markets. The study targeted soybean (seeds and isolated proteins) and cotton seeds as both could be used directly or indirectly in human foods. The collected samples were examined for the presence of 35s promoter and NOS terminator using a DNA/based - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR. DNA was extracted from the samples and its purity and concentration were determined. Mineral content was determined with inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the fatty acid profile with GC. In addition, the peroxide value (PV) and proximate composition of the samples were also determined. The results showed that the DNA of all samples under investigation had concentrations in the range of 500 -1500 ng/ul and a purity of 66%-89%. Real time PCR showed that cotton seed cake samples were + ve for TNOS and 35s primers, while isolated soy protein sample was + ve only for 35s primer and -ve for TNOS. Soybean seeds and isolated soybean protein were all -ve for both primers and as such not genetically modified. The chemical and biochemical analysis of GMFs and non GMFs showed some differences that cannot be attributed to the genetic modification alone at this juncture. It is concluded that the protocol used is an effective one, and the real time PCR is a sensitive technique for the detection of genetically modified foods, yet further studies by accredited laboratories are strongly recommended

Nutritional value, protein quality and antioxidant activity of Sudanese sorghum-based kissra bread fortified with bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea) seed flour

Kissra, is traditionally prepared by fermenting sorghum seed flour and then baking it into bread sheets. In this study, bambara groundnut seed flour (BGF) was incorporated at 10%, 20% and 30% into kissra bread. Chemical composition, in vitro protein digestibility, protein quality, fatty acids and DPPH radical scavenging activity of fortified kissra were studied and compared with sorghum-based kissra (control). Protein, fat and energy of the control steadily increased (P < 0.05) with increasing percentages of BGF. All minerals (except for Mg and P) and all essential amino acids (except for Trp and Pro) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after fortification. Palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were significantly improved. On the other hand, tannins, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Protein quality of kissra improved with BGF fortification shown by improvement in the nutritional index, essential amino acid index, biological value, predicted protein efficiency ratio and the in vitro protein digestibility. Fortification increased significantly (P < 0.05) the total phenolics and total flavonoids and decreased the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Overall, bambara groundnut flour could be used to upgrade the nutritional quality of cereal-based products. Keywords: Sorghum-based kissra, Bambara groundnut seed, Fortification, Nutritional quality, Antioxidant activit

Saudi date cultivars' seed extracts inhibit developing hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet

This research aim was to assess the impact of the seed extracts of the date cultivars (Qatara, Barhi, and Ruthana) on rat’s liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation triggered by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental design was based on random partitioning into two groups; one that received the standard diet and another that received the HFD diet. The HFD rats were orally administered Lipitor or date seed extracts at 300 or 600 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Accordingly, feeding rats HFD significantly increased body and liver weights, hepatic and serum lipid levels, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver function enzymes, and inflammation markers, and decreased oxidative stress enzymes. Oral administration of Barhi and Ruthana date seed extracts significantly decreased body and liver weights. Serum and liver total cholesterol TC, Triglycerides TGs, and free fatty acids FFAs were also decreased as were AST, ALT, MAD, leptin, and CRP, with a concomitant increase in SOD, GSH, and CAT. Furthermore, similar to Lipitor, oral administration of the extracts reduced inflammation markers such as TNF-α, serum CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and leptin while increasing IL-10 and adiponectin levels. Histological observation revealed that extract administration improved hepatocyte and parenchymal structures and decreased lipid deposition. In conclusion, both Barhi and Ruthana seed extracts showed strong hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects against HFD-induced liver steatosis. And date seeds have other beneficial potential for prevention and treatment of various diseases, which can be studied in the future