The Legal System of Apostleship: A Comparative Study in Regulating the Relationship between Sender of the Expression of the Will and the Courier

The apostleship is a legal action between the sender of the expression of will and the courier, and includes a delegation from the sender to the courier. And it is a contract by which the sender puts the courier in himself place in order to communicate his will to the addressee. In general, the problem of the study represents in the almost complete disregard of civil laws in general to regulate the subject of the apostleship, since the latter is a legal framework for the relationship between the sender of an expression of will and a courier to communicate that expression of will to the addressee. As a result of this situation of the civil laws, we see the reluctance of the jurisprudence to expand in studying the subject of apostleship, except in the context of addressing the distinction between the proxy and the apostleship, in a certain dimension. One of the results of the study is that the opinion of the law jurists to justify the possibility of the courier to be ineligibility by saying that the courier performing a material act and not doing a legal action, in terms of limiting his role in communicating the will of the sender to the addressee, represents ignoring of clarifying the basis of the obligation of the courier to communicate the will of the sender to the addressee, and moving directly to describe the act of the courier which represents in communicating the will after the assignment from the sender. We should know that the courier before communicating the expression of will, accepts the assignment of the sender to communicate that expression of will, and the contract between the sender and the courier requires, at a minimum, that the courier be minus eligibility. The courier, although does material act, but what authorizes him to do that material act is a willing action between him and the sender. Therefore, it is necessary, concerning the courier, to has the minimum eligibility to conduct legal actions, on the grounds that the effects of such actions are go to the sender and the addressee, not to the courier. The study presented specific suggestions regarding the regulation of the subject of the apostleship in the Iraqi civil law and the other laws under study, because it is unacceptable to ignore the regulation of this topic in its details and provisions, despite the fact that it is a topic has applications in practice. Key Words: Apostleship, Sender, Addressee, Courier, Expression of the Wil

Application of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique to Estimate Genetic Distance among Some Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Iraqi Hospitals

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal nosocomial causative agents. This bacterium has the capability to resist wide range of antibiotics and it is responsible for many diseases like skin, nose and wounds infection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the hospitals and to investigate the genetic distance between them. 90 Isolates were collected from clinical specimens from Iraqi hospitals for a total of 90 isolates. Only 10 strains (11.11%) were found to be MRSA. From these 10 primers, only 9 gave clear amplification products. 91 fragment lines were generated from these primers across all isolates with an average of 10 fragment lines per primer. Of these, 90 (99%) were polymorphic. The size of the amplified bands ranged between 145-2109 bp. The polymorphism percentage for all primers was 100% except OP-X17 primer which gave 86% polymorphism. The genetic distances revealed from Jaccard similarity index was calculated for the 90 RAPD polymorphic fragment lines. The highest genetic distance value 0.959 was between isolate number (1) and (5) and between isolate number (3) and (10), while the lowest genetic distance value 0.218 was between isolate number (6) and (7). This study shows that RAPD-PCR technique assayed with nine primers can be successfully applied to reveal the genetic distances among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from different hospitals

Multi-function intelligent robotic in metals detection applications

Recent technologies for robotics have been offered an effective and efficient solution to safeguard workers from risks in their work environments. These risks involve radioactive, toxic, explosive and mines. In this paper, design and implement computer robot based on metal detection as well as avoiding obstacles automatically. The proposed wireless controlled robotic vehicle can be used in metal detection applications such as landmine detection, obstacles avoidance, selecting best routing without imposing human's harms and workforce aspects. The robotic wheel can sense the obstacles that positioning at ahead of its path, and also avoids the obstacles forward, left and right of its routes. The robot is controlled by using Bluetooth wireless communication to interface between the controller and the implemented robot. Furthermore, sensor IR (FC-03) for the metal detector and used ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for objects or obstacles sensing. The presented controlled robotic designed for desert and dry soil that can replace the human role in avoiding obstacles and metal detection capabilities. The produced robot was useful due to it can detect metals and avoiding obstacles consecutively besides it was effective to select the best route based on the intelligent technique that adopted, the predefined metals by using an intelligent decision maker for route finder in a flat surface environment

On the Selection of Power Transformation Parameters in Regression Analysis

In multiple linear regression, there are several classical methods used to estimate the parameters of power transformation models that are used to transform the response variable. Traditionally, these parameters can be estimated using either Maximum Likelihood Estimation or Bayesian methods in conjunction with the other model parameters. In this chapter, attention has been paid to four indicators of the efficiency and reliability of the regressive modeling, and study the possibility of considering them as decision rules through which the optimal power parameter can be chosen. The indicators are the coefficient of determination and p-value of the general linear F-test statistic. Also, the p-value of Shapiro-Wilk test (SWT) statistic for the residual’s normality of the estimated linear regression of the transformed response vector and the estimated nonlinear regression of the original response vector resulting from the back transform of the power Transformation model. Real data were used and a computational algorithm was proposed to estimate the optimal power parameter. The authors concluded that the multiplicity of indicators does not lead to obtaining an optimal single value for the power parameter, but this multiplicity may be useful in fortifying the decision-making ability

Fusion Reaction Study of some Selected Halo Systems

التحدي في دراسة تفاعل الاندماج عندما تكون القذيفة عبارة عن نوى هالة غنية بالنيوترونات أو البروتونات هو آلية الاقتران بين القناة المرنة وقناة التفكك ، وبالتالي فإن الدافع من الحسابات الحالية هو تقدير أفضل معلمة اقتران لإدخال تأثير القنوات المقترنة لحساب مقطع الأندماج الكلي  وحاجز توزيع الأندماج  و متوسط الزخم الزاوي    للأنظمة 6He+206Pb, 8B+28Si, 11Be+209Bi, 17F+208Pb, 6He+238U, 8He+197Au and 15C+232Th باستخدام مقاربة الميكانيك الكمي. أنجِزَت الحسابات بإستعمال البرنامج الحاسوبي CC. قورِنَت الحسابات لمقطع الأندماج الكلي الميكانيك الكمي مع البيانات العَملية المُتوفرة لِكُل نظام، وجدَ إن حِسابات قَنوات الإقتران للميكانيك الكمي في توافق أكثر مع البيانات العملية.The challenge in studying fusion reaction when the projectile is neutron or proton rich halo nuclei is the coupling mechanism between the elastic and the breakup channel, therefore the motivation from the present calculations is to estimate the best coupling parameter to introduce the effect of coupled-channels for the calculations of the total cross section of the fusion  , the barrier distribution of the fusion   and the average angular momentum 〈L〉 for the systems 6He+206Pb, 8B+28Si, 11Be+209Bi, 17F+208Pb, 6He+238U, 8He+197Au and 15C+232Th using quantum mechanical approach.  A quantum Coupled-Channel Calculations are performed using CC code. The predictions of quantum mechanical approach are comparable with the measured data that is available. Above and below the Coulomb barrier, comparison of theoretical calculations of quantum mechanical with the relevant measured data demonstrates good agreement

Protective Effect of Plants Extracts Mixture on Sperm Abnormalities, Testicular and Epididymal Tissues in Diabetic Male Rats

Background: Diabetes has been associated with reproductive impairment in both men and women. About 90% of diabetic patients have disturbances in sexual function, including a decrease in libido, impotence and infertility. Attention has been paid to the search of effective drugs in the field of traditional medicine. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM)  on the sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues of male rats. Also to evaluate the efficiency of the mixture of methanol-watery extracts composed of five medicinal plants (Trigonella faenum-graecum seeds, Nigella sativa seeds, Zingiber officinale rhizomes, Olea europeae leaves and Fraxinus ssp.seeds) in reducing harmful effect of DM on the percentage of sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues. Methods: Twenty-four mature male rats were used in six groups (n=4), the first group kept as a control. The second group received alloxan (120 mg/ kg body weight i.p.) for 3 days to induction of T2DM while the third, fourth, and fifth groups were diabetic rats received the plants extracts mixture orally for 45, 60, 75 days, respectively after induction of T2DM. The sixth group received the plants extracts mixture for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and the testis and epididymis were excised and sperm was collected for morphological abnormalities of the sperm shape. Also histopathological examination of the testes and epididymis were examined. Results: The sperm shape abnormalities significantly increased (p<0.05) in alloxan – induced diabetic rats compared with normal control group. Histopathological examination showed degenerative changes of both testes and epididymis in diabetic rats which include significant decrease (p<0.05) in both diameter of seminiferous tubules and their germinal epithelium heights and non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in both diameters of cauda epididymal tubules and height of epithelium of cauda epididymal  tubules. On the other hand, atrophied seminiferous tubules, atrophied spermatogenic cells and the lumen of semineferous tubules free from sperm was detected. Furthermore, expansion of interstitial space between seminiferous tubules were seen . In contrast , oral administration of the plants extracts mixture to the diabetic rats at three period of study 45, 60, 75 days, respectively statistically decreased (p<0.05) most sperms abnormalities compared with diabetic group and caused non-significant differences compared with control group besides enhancing the histological changes of both testes and epididymis. Conclusion: DM has negative effect in male testis and epidydimis of alloxan-induced rats and may contribute in reduction of fertility while the plants extracts mixture used in this study can reduce most degerenative changes occurred in testes and epidydimis in diabetic groups treated with the mixture of plants extracts. Therefore, plants extracts mixture can be effectively used by DM patients for therapeutic purpose. Key words: Alloxan- induced diabetes, Sperm Abnormalities, Histopathological Changes of testis and epididymis, rats

Correlation between Leptin Encoding Gene and Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Awassi Sheep

The present study was scanned 104 of different genotypic Iraqi Awassi sheep to determine the relation of genetic polymorphism for leptin gene with several biochemical and haematological features. The results of this study were revealed that most of blood characters were homologous for the genotypes AA, AB, AH, AM, AR, and AS except for RBCs and WBCs count since there were significant differences (P< 0.05) between them, and the following genotypes AH and AB were surpassed on the two genotypes AM and AB concerning the number of RBCs, and the two genotypes AB and AH were surpassed on the genotype AM concerning the number of WBCs. Most of biochemical characters were nonhomologous except for the concentration of urea, since significant differences (P< 0.05) among the genotypes were observed with respect to glucose, protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The AH genotype was surpassed the two genotypes AB and AR concerning the glucose ratio. The AB genotype was surpassed the two genotypes AM and AS, the two genotypes AA and AH were surpassed the AB genotype concerning cholesterol ratio, and the AB genotype was surpassed the AH genotype concerning the level of triglyceride. In conclusion, the leptin gene diagnostic tool could be used for selection process to enhance the production levels in Awassi sheep through eliminating the animals that were correlated with the genotypes of some undesired characters in early breeding times. Keywords; leptin, gene, Awassi, parameter, blood, biochemistr

Green Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Mesalazine Drug by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with Phenoxazine

A novel green, straightforward, and precise spectrophotometric method for determination of mesalazine drug has been developed. This method relies on an oxidative coupling reaction between mesalazine and the environmentally friendly phenoxazine reagent in an acidic medium within the presence of potassium iodate as an oxidizing agent. The resulting colored product exhibits maximum absorbance at 549 nm. The calibration graph was rectilinear over the range of 0.2-30 µg mL-1 (1.31×10-6-1.96×10-4 mol L-1) with determination Coefficient (R2) of 0.9994 and molar absorptivity of 4.8×103 L mol-1 cm-1. The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.191 and 0.638 µg mL-1, respectively. The average recovery percentage was 100.9 with a relative standard deviation less than 3.1. The proposed method was effectively applied to determine mesalazine in tablet dosage forms from three different sources, yielding highly satisfactory results that closely align with the standard method outlined in the British Pharmacopeia

Thyroid Metabolic Hormones and its Correlation with BMI and Lipid Profile in Healthy People

Background:Thyroid hormone play an important role in basal lipid metabolism.It is well known that alteration in thyroid function can result in changes in the composition and in the transport of lipoprotein.This study aimed to study the effects of thyroid hormone on serum lipids and evaluted the correlation between thyroid hormone with Body Mass Index(BMI) and lipid profile of healthy people. Methods:Total of 56 healthy people(28 male:28 female) ,aged 30-60 years included in this study.About 5ml of fasting blood (8-12 h.) was collected from each individual.To determine serum Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) and the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique were used.Lipid profile were measured by an enzymatic colorimetric(GPO-POD) method. Results:The result of the present study showed that the levels of triglyceride was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in males than females ,while the levels of triiodothyronine was significantly higher(p< 0.05) in females than males of healthy people.Correlation analysis in healthy males showed positive correlation among BMI with lipid profile,while an inverse correlation between TSH and T4,also an inverse correlation between T3 and HDL .In healthy females there was positive correlation among T3 with BMI and WC,also between T4 and LDL ,while an inverse correlation between TSH and VLDL. Conclusions:Thyroid metabolic hormone especially T3 regulate the resting metabolic rate and the mild thyroid dysfunction was linked to significantly changes in body weight ,lipid profile and likely represents risk factor for healthy and obesity. Keywords:Thyroid metabolic hormone,lipid profile,BMI ,healthy peopl