Microbial Sulfate Reduction during Low-Temperature Alteration of the Lower Oceanic Crust

Master of ScienceOceanographyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115439/1/39015083386303.pd

The monotype as a distinctive form: A practice-led investigation into how the monotype can deliver affect

This practice-led research project investigates the monotype as a distinctive form, and one which has been hitherto somewhat under-regarded and given relatively little theoretical analysis or interpretive attention from the perspective of the studio practitioner. This research leads me to investigate distinctive formal, material and perceptual qualities of the monotype process, which are conducive to metaphoric associations appropriate to my themes of memory, space and time, through the generation of affect. Both the monotype and affect are realised in in-between spaces. The monotype emerges from exchanges that take place between iterations of drawings, painting and printing, and the images that result are influenced and transformed by these exchanges. Throughout the project I explore and analyse resonances between the qualities of the monotype and the characteristics of the concepts of phenomenology and affect. My research is informed by the writings of: Antonio Damasio and Siri Hustvedt on affect, phenomenology and memory; Brian Massumi on affect; Henri Lefebvre on space, time and rhythm; Tim Ingold on linear interconnectedness; John Berger on drawing and process; François Jullien on the Chinese tradition; the philosophy of Elizabeth Grosz, and Thomas Middlemost on the monotype in Australia. In creating several series of monotypes involving expressive and intuitive gestural imagery, and qualities of luminosity and rhythm resonant with my lived experience, I have been influenced by artists past and present. These include Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, John Constable, Paul Cezanne, Sidney Nolan, Georg Baselitz, Cy Twombly, Ken Whisson, Elisabeth Cummings, and Chinese ink and brush painters. I reflect on the qualities of immersiveness, between-ness, tactility, spontaneity and the intuitive expression of personal experience, as qualities intrinsic to the monotype, and essential to my project’s aim for the delivery of affect. I further explore the relations of composition to pictorial space, of figure to ground, distinctive to the monotype. The accompanying exegesis charts the course of my discoveries with the affectively engaging monotype as I create expressions of my lived experiences through the themes of familial relations, our relations to place and to our natural environments, and to the life of the studio. While I began with a sense of these themes as leading my project, the monotype process became, in a sense, the true subject matter of my research. While I absorbed and filtered my own bodily experiences of the world, my engagement with the monotype process became a significantly transformative one, an exploration of multiple states though the various iterations of an image, and a process of imbuing images with metaphysical resonance

A Predictive Model for Dementia Risk in Elderly Adults with Prediabetes

Dementia is a serious public health concern in the United States, with a prevalence of 5.2 million. There is currently no effective way to prevent or cure dementia, and the precise etiology is unknown, but it appears there are multiple risk factors. Prediabetes (PD) has been identified as a risk factor although the scientific evidence is conflicting. This study is important to those at high risk for dementia and to healthcare professionals who lack substantiated dementia prevention strategies. The purpose of this case control study was to determine whether PD is associated with dementia in adults aged 65-95 years and whether the association varies according to demographic (age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status [SES]) and health (atherosclerosis, body weight, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and stroke) risk factors. The ecosocial theory was selected to bridge the study findings to life-course exposures and risk factors. Cases (n = 574) and controls (n = 2,157) were sampled from a large ambulatory care dataset, and multivariable logistic regression was used to test the research hypotheses. No unadjusted association between PD and dementia was found (OR 1.08, 95% CI = .854, 1.241, p = .604). The regression analysis revealed no association between PD and dementia; however, atherosclerosis, hypertension, low body weight, and low/average SES were found to be significantly and independently associated with dementia. A stratified analysis revealed that race and SES did not alter the effect of PD on dementia. The implications for positive social change include the potential reduction of incident dementia through initiatives targeted toward demographic and health risk factors including atherosclerosis, hypertension, low body weight, and low/average SES

Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms

Cytoplasmic assembly of ciliary dyneins, a process known as preassembly, requires numerous non-dynein proteins, but the identities and functions of these proteins are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that the classical Chlamydomonas motility mutant pf23 is defective in the Chlamydomonas homolog of DYX1C1. The pf23 mutant has a 494 bp deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and expresses a shorter DYX1C1 protein in the cytoplasm. Structural analyses, using cryo-ET, reveal that pf23 axonemes lack most of the inner dynein arms. Spectral counting confirms that DYX1C1 is essential for the assembly of the majority of ciliary inner dynein arms (IDA) as well as a fraction of the outer dynein arms (ODA). A C-terminal truncation of DYX1C1 shows a reduction in a subset of these ciliary IDAs. Sucrose gradients of cytoplasmic extracts show that preassembled ciliary dyneins are reduced compared to wild-type, which suggests an important role in dynein complex stability. The role of PF23/DYX1C1 remains unknown, but we suggest that DYX1C1 could provide a scaffold for macromolecular assembly

The IDA3 adapter, required for intraflagellar transport of I1 dynein, is regulated by ciliary length

Axonemal dyneins, including inner dynein arm I1, assemble in the cytoplasm prior to transport into cilia by intraflagellar transport (IFT). How I1 dynein interacts with IFT is not understood. We take advantage of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ida3 mutant, which assembles the inner arm I1 dynein complex in the cytoplasm but fails to transport I1 into the cilium, resulting in I1 dynein-deficient axonemes with abnormal motility. The IDA3 gene encodes an ∼115-kDa coiled-coil protein that primarily enters the cilium during ciliary growth but is not an axonemal protein. During growth, IDA3, along with I1 dynein, is transported by anterograde IFT to the tip of the cilium. At the tip, IDA3 uncouples from IFT and diffuses within the cilium. IFT transport of IDA3 decreases as cilia lengthen and subsides once full length is achieved. IDA3 is the first example of an essential and selective IFT adapter that is regulated by ciliary length. </jats:p

Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Realisation of the Goldstone Mechanism in the U(1) Gross-Neveu Model at Non-Zero Chemical Potential

We simulate the Gross-Neveu model in 2+1 dimensions at nonzero baryon density (chemical potential mu =/= 0). It is possible to formulate this model with a real action and therefore to perform standard hybrid Monte Carlo simulations with mu =/= 0 in the functional measure. We compare the physical observables from these simulations with simulations using the Glasgow method where the value of mu in the functional measure is fixed at a value mu_upd. We find that the observables are sensitive to the choice of mu_upd. We consider the implications of our findings for Glasgow method QCD simulations at mu =/= 0. We demonstrate that the realisation of the Goldstone mechanism in the Gross-Neveu model is fundamentally different from that in QCD. We find that this difference explains why there is an unphysical transition in QCD simulations at mu =/= 0 associated with the pion mass scale whereas the transition in the Gross-Neveu model occurs at a larger mass scale and is therefore consistent with theoretical predictions. We note classes of theories which are exceptions to the Vafa-Witten theorem which permit the possibility of formation of baryon number violating diquark condensates.Comment: 28 pages RevTe

Numerical Portrait of a Relativistic Thin Film BCS Superfluid

We present results of numerical simulations of the 2+1d Nambu - Jona-Lasinio model with a non-zero baryon chemical potential mu including the effects of a diquark source term. Diquark condensates, susceptibilities and masses are measured as functions of source strength j. The results suggest that diquark condensation does not take place in the high density phase mu>mu_c, but rather that the condensate scales non-analytically with j implying a line of critical points and long range phase coherence. Analogies are drawn with the low temperature phase of the 2d XY model. The spectrum of the spin-1/2 sector is also studied yielding the quasiparticle dispersion relation. There is no evidence for a non-zero gap; rather the results are characteristic of a normal Fermi liquid with Fermi velocity less than that of light. We conclude that the high density phase of the model describes a relativistic gapless thin film BCS superfluid.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure

Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms

Cytoplasmic assembly of ciliary dyneins, a process known as preassembly, requires numerous non-dynein proteins, but the identities and functions of these proteins are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that the classical Chlamydomonas motility mutant pf23 is defective in the Chlamydomonas homolog of DYX1C1. The pf23 mutant has a 494 bp deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and expresses a shorter DYX1C1 protein in the cytoplasm. Structural analyses, using cryo-ET, reveal that pf23 axonemes lack most of the inner dynein arms. Spectral counting confirms that DYX1C1 is essential for the assembly of the majority of ciliary inner dynein arms (IDA) as well as a fraction of the outer dynein arms (ODA). A C-terminal truncation of DYX1C1 shows a reduction in a subset of these ciliary IDAs. Sucrose gradients of cytoplasmic extracts show that preassembled ciliary dyneins are reduced compared to wild-type, which suggests an important role in dynein complex stability. The role of PF23/DYX1C1 remains unknown, but we suggest that DYX1C1 could provide a scaffold for macromolecular assembly

Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion

The Ice Hockey Summit III provided updated scientific evidence on concussions in hockey to inform these five objectives: 1) describe sport-related concussion (SRC) epidemiology, 2) classify prevention strategies, 3) define objective, diagnostic tests, 4) identify treatment, and 5) integrate science and clinical care into prioritized action plans and policy. Our action plan evolved from 40 scientific presentations. The 155 attendees (physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nurses, neuropsychologists, scientists, engineers, coaches, and officials) voted to prioritize these action items in the final Summit session. 1) Establish a national and international hockey data base for SRC at all levels, 2) eliminate body checking in Bantam youth hockey games, 3) expand a behavior modification program (Fair Play) to all youth hockey levels, 4) enforce game ejection penalties for fighting in Junior A and professional hockey leagues, 5) establish objective tests to diagnose concussion at point of care (POC), and 6) mandate baseline testing to improve concussion diagnosis for all age groups. Expedient implementation of the Summit III prioritized action items is necessary to reduce the risk, severity, and consequences of concussion in the sport of ice hockey

Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Acknowledgments The DLW database, which can be found at https://www.dlwdatabase.org, is hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and generously supported by Taiyo Nippon Sanso and SERCON . We are grateful to the IAEA and these companies for their support. XYZ was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant CAS 153E11KYSB20190045 to J.R.S.), and the database was also supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant BCS-1824466 to H.P.). The funders played no role in the content of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD