Análisis y cuantificación de espacios verdes ocupados y disponibles mediante fotografías aéreas y sistemas de información geográfica (S.I.G.): Zona de estudio: Aerea urbana de Parral

144 p.El propósito de la siguiente investigación consistió en cuantificar y analizar las áreas verdes urbanas pertenecientes a la comuna de Parral en la séptima región del Maule, Chile, a través de la generación de índices explicativos de cantidad, distribución y disponibilidad, empleando Fotografías aéreas métricas escala 1:8.000 y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (S.I.G.). El plan general de arborización urbana fue dividido en dos subsistemas, arborización de calles y áreas verdes. Para el primer caso su cuantificación se realizó a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple de 24 unidades muestrales por medio de mediciones directas en terreno y en las fotografías aéreas, de las cuales se obtuvo la cantidad de m² aportados por este subsistema. Igualmente, para el segundo subsistema, a través de la generación de coberturas espaciales en Arc-view 3.1. se obtuvieron los m² aportados por las áreas verdes existentes, disponibles y peri urbanas, además de los análisis de distancias y áreas para la determinación de índices de disponibilidad y distribución. En cuanto a los resultados, la ciudad de Parral presentó los siguientes índices: áreas verdes por habitante (6,0525m²/hab.); frecuencia de áreas verdes (0,029 m²/m²); distancia promedio entre áreas verdes (653,5m); cuadrícula ideal (654x654m); áreas de influencia (2.142.254m²) y distancia promedio de accesibilidad de (453,6m). Resulta fundamental la integración de las técnicas con fotografías aéreas y S.I.G. constituyéndose en herramientas eficaces para el manejo de áreas verdes, otorgando una muy alta confiabilidad con respecto a los resultados obtenidos en gabinete, además de permitir la manipulación de una gran cantidad de datos referentes al comportamiento de estas, ya sea en cuanto a su cantidad, distribución y posterior ordenamiento

The Cluster [Re6Se8I6]3− Induces Low Hemolysis of Human Erythrocytes in Vitro: Protective Effect of Albumin

The cluster Re6Se8I63− has been shown to induce preferential cell death of a hepatic carcinoma cell line, thus becoming a promising anti-cancer drug. Whether this cluster induces acute hemolysis or if it interacts with albumin remains unclear. The effect of acute exposure of human red blood cells to different concentrations of the cluster with and without albumin is described. Red blood cells from healthy donors were isolated, diluted at 1% hematocrit and exposed to the cluster (25–150 µM) at 37 °C, under agitation. Hemolysis and morphology were analyzed at 1 and 24 h. The potential protection of 0.1% albumin was also evaluated. Exposition to therapeutic doses of the cluster did not induce acute hemolysis. Similar results were observed following 24 h of exposition, and albumin slightly reduced hemolysis levels. Furthermore, the cluster induced alteration in the morphology of red blood cells, and this was prevented by albumin. Together, these results indicate that the cluster Re6Se8I63− is not a hemolytic component and induces moderate morphological alterations of red blood cells at high doses, which are prevented by co-incubation with albumin. In conclusion, the cluster Re6Se8I63− could be intravenously administered in animals at therapeutic doses for in vivo studies

SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS ON NEUROEDUCATION IN CHILEAN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: A CASE STUDY IN A CONTEXT OF POVERTY

This article investigates social representations on neuroeducation constructed by primary school teachers from a school in the town of Angol, Araucania Region, Chile. This was a qualitative investigation in the framework of a hermeneutic paradigm. The investigation design was based on Constructivist Grounded Theory and an instrumental case study. The information was obtained through semistructured, in-depth interviews. The data were processed in ATLAS.ti 8.0 software, and then subjected to axial, selective open coding through content analysis and constant comparison. The results show that teachers place a positive value on neuroeducation, since it is an innovation in practical teaching that favours their professional development

The [Mo6Cl14]2− Cluster is Biologically Secure and Has Anti-Rotavirus Activity In Vitro

The molybdenum cluster [Mo6Cl14]2− is a fluorescent component with potential for use in cell labelling and pharmacology. Biological safety and antiviral properties of the cluster are as yet unknown. Here, we show the effect of acute exposition of human cells and red blood cells to the molybdenum cluster and its interaction with proteins and antiviral activity in vitro. We measured cell viability of HepG2 and EA.hy926 cell lines exposed to increasing concentrations of the cluster (0.1 to 250 µM), by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Hemolysis and morphological alterations of red blood cells, obtained from healthy donors, exposed to the cluster (10 to 200 µM) at 37 °C were analyzed. Furthermore, quenching of tryptophan residues of albumin was performed. Finally, plaque formation by rotavirus SA11 in MA104 cells treated with the cluster (100 to 300 µM) were analyzed. We found that all doses of the cluster showed similar cell viability, hemolysis, and morphology values, compared to control. Quenching of tryptophan residues of albumin suggests a protein-cluster complex formation. Finally, the cluster showed antiviral activity at 300 µM. These results indicate that the cluster [Mo6Cl14]2− could be intravenously administered in animals at therapeutic doses for further in vivo studies and might be studied as an antiviral agent

Parental burnout across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, homeschooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (vs. more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout

Parental Burnout Across the Globe During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, homeschooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (vs. more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout.peerReviewe

Parental burnout across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and wellbeing, parental burnout, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, home-schooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (versus more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout