A importância da gestão de design em micro e pequenas empresas

Este trabalho busca demonstrar como está ocorrendo o processo de gestão de design em pequenas e médias empresas (pmes) desenvolvedoras de produtos. Para a construção da fundamentaçã o teórica foi utilizada a gestão do design, marketing e o design orientado para a experiência. No desenvolvimento dos procedimentos metodológicos, foi utilizada a pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa, onde foram aplicadas entrevistas em profundidade em quatro empresas desenvolvedoras de produtos do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise e a discussão de resultados apresentam os motivos que levam a gestão do design ser fundamental no desenvolvimento das empresas. Por fim, são dispostas algumas considerações finais a respeito do estudo

Uso de serviços de saúde por idosos brasileiros com e sem limitação funcional

OBJETIVO Analisar o uso de serviços de saúde e a qualidade da atenção médica recebida por idosos brasileiros com e sem limitação funcional. MÉTODOS As análises principais foram baseadas em amostra nacional representativa de 23.815 participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde com 60 anos ou mais. A limitação funcional foi definida pela dificuldade para realizar pelo menos uma entre dez atividades básicas ou instrumentais da vida diária. Potenciais variáveis de confusão incluíram fatores predisponentes e facilitadores do uso de serviços de saúde. RESULTADOS A prevalência da limitação funcional foi de 30,1% (IC95% 29,2−31,4). O número de consultas médicas e a ocorrência de hospitalizações nos últimos 12 meses apresentaram associações estatisticamente significantes com a limitação funcional, tanto entre usuários do sistema público (OR = 2,48 [IC95% 2,13−2,88] para três ou mais consultas e OR = 2,58 [IC95% 2,15−3,09] para uma ou mais hospitalizações) quanto do sistema privado (OR = 2,56 [IC95% 1,50−4,36] e OR = 2,22 [IC95% 1,64−3,00], respectivamente). A propensão ao uso da unidade básica de saúde foi maior entre usuários do sistema privado com limitações funcionais (OR = 2,01 [IC95% 1,12−3,59]). Entre sete indicadores da qualidade da atenção médica recebida, na percepção dos usuários dos sistemas público e privado, somente dois apresentaram associação com a limitação funcional. Os usuários do sistema público com limitações funcionais fizeram pior avaliação da liberdade para escolha do médico e do tempo de espera para a consulta, em comparação aos usuários do mesmo sistema sem essas limitações (OR = 0,81 [IC95% 0,67−0,99] e OR = 0,76 [IC95% 0,62−0,93], respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES Idosos com limitações funcionais utilizam mais serviços de saúde em comparação aos seus pares sem essas limitações. A magnitude da associação entre a limitação funcional e o número de consultas médicas e de hospitalizações foi semelhante nos sistemas público e privado de saúde.OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of health services and the quality of medical care received by Brazilian older adults with and without functional limitation. METHODS The main analyses were based on a national sample representing 23,815 participants of the National Survey on Health (PNS) aged 60 years or older. Functional limitation was defined by the difficulty to perform at least one out of ten basic or instrumental activities of daily living. Potential confounding variables included predisposing and enabling factors of the use of health services. RESULTS The prevalence of functional limitation was 30.1% (95%CI 29.2–31.4). The number of doctor visits and hospitalizations in the past 12 months showed statistically significant associations with functional limitation, both for users of the public system (OR = 2.48 [95%CI 2.13–2.88] for three or more doctor visits and OR = 2.58 [95%CI 2.15–3.09] for one or more hospitalizations) and of the private system (OR = 2.56 [95%CI 1.50–4.36] and OR = 2.22 [95%CI 1.64–3.00], respectively). The propensity to use basic health units was higher among users of the private system with functional limitations (OR = 2.01 [95%CI 1.12–3.59]). Only two out of seven indicators of the quality of medical care received were associated with functional limitation, in the perception of users of public and private systems. The public system users with functional limitations did worse evaluation of the freedom for choosing the doctor and waiting time for an appointment, when compared with users of the same system without these limitations (OR = 0.81 [95%CI 0.67–0.99] and OR = 0.76 [95%CI 0.62–0.93], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with functional limitations use more health services in comparison with those without such limitations. The magnitude of the association between functional limitation and number of doctor visits and hospitalizations was similar in the public and private health systems

Hospitalizações entre adultos mais velhos: resultados do ELSI-Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with hospital use and their frequency in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS: Data from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, were used. Predisposing, enabling and need factors for the use of health services were considered. The analyzes were based on the Hurdle regression model and on estimates of population attributable risks. RESULTS: Among 9,389 participants, 10.2% had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed for need factors (previous medical diagnosis for chronic diseases and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living) and for enabling factors (living in a rural area and in the North and Midwest regions of the country). The analysis of population attributable risks (PAR) showed a hierarchy of the need factors for the occurrence of hospitalizations, with higher contributions by stroke (PAR = 10.7%) and cardiovascular disease (PAR = 10.0%), followed by cancer (PAR = 8.9%), difficulty to perform basic activities of daily living (PAR = 6.8%), depression (PAR = 5.5%), diabetes (PAR = 4.4% ) and hypertension (PAR = 2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Four of the major diseases associated with hospitalizations (stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension) are part of the Brazilian list of primary care-sensitive hospitalizations. These results show that there is a window of opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations among older Brazilian adults through effective primary care actions.OBJETIVO: Examinar os fatores associados à ocorrência e à frequência de hospitalizações em amostra nacional representativa da população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), conduzido em 2015–2016. Considerou-se fatores predisponentes, facilitadores e de necessidade para o uso de serviços de saúde. As análises foram baseadas no modelo de regressão Hurdle e em estimativas de riscos atribuíveis populacionais. RESULTADOS: Entre 9.389 participantes, 10,2% foram hospitalizados nos 12 meses precedentes. Após ajustes por potenciais variáveis de confusão, associações estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) foram observadas para fatores de necessidade (história de diagnóstico médico para doenças crônicas e limitação para realizar atividades básicas de vida diária) e para fatores facilitadores (residência em zona rural e nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do país). A análise dos riscos atribuíveis populacionais (RAP) mostrou uma hierarquização dos fatores de necessidade para a ocorrência de hospitalizações, com maiores contribuições do acidente vascular cerebral (RAP = 10,7%) e da doença cardiovascular (RAP = 10,0%), seguidos do câncer (RAP = 8,9%), da limitação para realizar atividades básicas da vida diária (RAP = 6,8%), da depressão (RAP = 5,5%), do diabetes (RAP = 4,4%) e da hipertensão (RAP = 2,2%). CONCLUSÕES: Quatro entre as principais doenças associadas às hospitalizações (acidente vascular cerebral, doença cardiovascular, diabetes e hipertensão) fazem parte da lista brasileira de internações sensíveis à atenção primária. Esses resultados mostram que existe uma janela de oportunidades para a redução de hospitalizações desnecessárias entre adultos brasileiros mais velhos por meio de ações efetivas da atenção primária

Phenolic profile by HPLC-MS, biological potential, and nutritional value of a promising food: Monofloral bee pollen

The objective of this study was to determine physicochemical and phenolic profiles as well the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of monofloral bee pollen samples from Brazil. Traditional methods were used. The phenolic profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The protein (10.6–33.9 g/100g), lipids (3.2–8.3 g/ 100g), ashes (2.6–3.8 g/100g), total phenolic (5.6–29.7 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid (0.3– 19.0 mg QE/g) values were variable, even between products with the same botanical origin. The minerals analyzed were found in amounts varying between 10 mg/kg and 9.1 g/kg. Each product presented specific color parameters. Myrcia bee pollen presented the greater antioxidant capacity, and Mimosa scabrella bee pollen from Santa Catarina state was the most efficient in inhibiting bacteria and yeasts. Among the compounds identified by HPLC-MS, flavonoid 3-O-glycosides predominated. The physicochemical and phenolic profiles of each sample were distinct, and there was no pattern between monofloral products of the same pollen type.The authors are grateful to beekeepers who provided samples. MM Moreira is also grateful to FCT/MEC and FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 through the project UID/QUI/50006/2013 - POCI/01/0145/FERDER/007265.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Production and characterization of mixed pineapple and hibiscus jam

Pineapple is a food rich in vitamins, antioxidants and bromelain, but because it has high water content it becomes a highly perishable fruit. Hibiscus is a plant with flowers rich in phytochemicals that can be used as an ingredient to add value to processed products. The objective of this work was to prepare mixed jams using pineapple with hibiscus extract at different concentrations and to characterize the physicochemical properties of the jams produced. Experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three concentration levels of hibiscus extract (5, 10 and 15%) in pineapple jelly (50:50). Analyzed physical-chemical characteristics were: water content, water activity, ash, lipids, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, vitamin C, total titratable acidity, pH and total soluble solids. It was found that increasing concentrations of hibiscus in the formulations significantly influenced resulting jam composition. Increasing hibiscus concentration reduced the total sugars content and increased ascorbic acid content, acidity, total soluble solids and ash, as well as total anthocyanins and flavonoids contents. Among the jams produced, the formulation with 15% hibiscus was distinguished by its high content of ascorbic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The addition of hibiscus to pineapple jelly improves the nutritional and functional value of the resulting jams, so it can be considered a high potential ingredient for this type of product

VIGILÂNCIA SOROLÓGICA DA LEISHMANIOSE HUMANA E CANINA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FARIAS BRITO, ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

This article aims to analyze canine serological surveys in the municipality of Farias Brito, Ceará State, and relate the occurrence areas of dogs and humans diagnosed with some form of leishmaniasis in 2014 and 2015. This is a quantitative and descriptive research, which analyzed secondary data obtained from the Leishmaniosis Control Program of the Municipal Secretary of Farias Brito, as well as from the database of Information System of Notification Injury. Of 431 analyzed animals, 63,34% were positive in DPP test and 45,42% were positive in ELISA. 77,87% of these lived in urban areas and 75,36% were aged greater or equal four years. During the studied period, 28 cases of leishmaniasis in humans were diagnosed, most of them in men; 42,86% of the cases were of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with greater occurrence in rural areas, and 57,14% of visceral leishmaniasis, more prevalent in urban areas. It was concluded that the incidence of dogs that reacted to leishmaniasis was high, and that they lived in specific areas of the city that have had confirmed cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and American Visceral Leishmaniasis. Therefore, is possible that dogs are acting as a reservoir for the disease and may be the only means of transmission in the study area.Keywords: Dogs; reservoirs; human disease.Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar inquéritos sorológicos canino no município de Farias Brito, estado do Ceará e, realizar uma relação entre áreas de ocorrências dos cães e de humanos diagnosticado com algum tipo de leishmaniose entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, onde se analisou dados secundários obtidos junto ao Programa de Controle das Leishmanioses da Secretaria Municipal de Farias Brito e do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Dos 431 animais analisados, 63,34% estavam positivos no teste DPP e 45,42% no ELISA, dos quais 77,87% viviam em áreas urbanas e 75,36% tinham idade maior ou igual quatro anos. No período estudado, foram diagnosticados 28 casos de leishmaniose em humanos, sendo maior parte do sexo masculino. Um total de 42,86% dos casos foram de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, com maior ocorrência em áreas rurais, e 57,14% de leishmaniose visceral americana, mais prevalente em áreas urbanas. Conclui-se que foi elevada a incidência de cães reagentes para leishmaniose e que estes viviam em áreas específicas do município as quais tiveram casos confirmados de LTA e LVA em humanos, portanto, possivelmente os cães estejam atuando como reservatório da doença e que provavelmente seja o único meio de transmissão na área em estudo.Palavras-chave: Cães, reservatórios, doença em humanos

Comparative analysis of Amputee Soccer players and coach perception of intensity training

We investigate if there are agreement and differences between the training intensity and load prescribed by the coach and those perceived by Amputee Soccer (AS) players. Eleven AS players and the team coach participated in the study. Before each session, we registered the coach Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) intended (not disclosed to the players). Immediately after the training session, the players responded to the same version of RPE individually. The load was quantified through the session-RPE (s-RPE) (RPE x minutes). In sessions 1 and 2, the coach overestimated the training RPE (p < 0.05; Effect size [ES] = 0.2 and 0.3), whereas in sessions 4 and 5 the values were underestimated (p < 0.05; ES = 0.3). In the case of s-RPE, the overestimation of RPE occurred in session 1 (p = 0.02; ES = 0.9), whereas in sessions 4 and 5 (p < 0.05; ES = 1.8 and 0.9) the coach underestimated the load values. We conclude that the training load planned by the coach is different and disagrees with the perception of the AS players in most of the training sessions.We investigate if there are agreement and differences between the training intensity and load prescribed by the coach and those perceived by Amputee Soccer (AS) players. Eleven AS players and the team coach participated in the study. Before each session, we registered the coach Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) intended (not disclosed to the players). Immediately after the training session, the players responded to the same version of RPE individually. The load was quantified through the session-RPE (s-RPE) (RPE x minutes). In sessions 1 and 2, the coach overestimated the training RPE (p < 0.05; Effect size [ES] = 0.2 and 0.3), whereas in sessions 4 and 5 the values were underestimated (p < 0.05; ES = 0.3). In the case of s-RPE, the overestimation of RPE occurred in session 1 (p = 0.02; ES = 0.9), whereas in sessions 4 and 5 (p < 0.05; ES = 1.8 and 0.9) the coach underestimated the load values. We conclude that the training load planned by the coach is different and disagrees with the perception of the AS players in most of the training sessions

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results

Effect of the Combined Intervention with Passive Whole-Body Vibration and Auriculotherapy on the Quality of Life of Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis Assessed by the WHOQOL-Bref: A Multi-Arm Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the quality of life of two non-pharmacological interventions isolated or in combination: (i) passive whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE), and (ii) auriculotherapy (AT). One hundred three participants with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were allocated to: (a) a vibration group (WBVEG; n = 17) that performed WBVE (peak-to-peak displacement: 2.5 to 7.5 mm, frequency: 5 to 14 Hz, Peak acceleration: 0.12 to 2.95 g), two days/weekly for five weeks, (b) an AT group (ATG; n = 21), stimulation of three specific auriculotherapy points (Kidney, Knee and Shenmen) in each ear pavilion, (c) WBVE + AT (WBVE + AT; n = 20) and (d) respective control groups (WBVE_CG, n = 15; AT_CG, n = 12; WBVE + AT_CG, n = 18). The participants filled out the WHOQOL-bref Questionnaire before the first and after the last sessions. Statistical differences in the various domains of the WHOQOL-bref were not found. In conclusion, WBVE or AT alone or combined did not contribute in altering the quality of life of individuals exposed to these interventions