Association entre l’accessibilité géographique aux commerces d’alimentation et la consommation de fruits et légumes chez les adultes québécois : analyse de la banque de données de santé CARTaGENE

Une alimentation malsaine compromet la santé et génère des coûts importants sur les plans individuels et sociaux ainsi qu’en services en santé. L’adoption d’une saine alimentation est tributaire de déterminants individuels et environnementaux liés aux caractéristiques des environnements physique, économique, politique et socioculturel. Cette étude transversale a pour objectif d’évaluer l'effet de l’environnement physique, plus précisément l’effet de l'accessibilité géographique de commerces alimentaires, sur l'alimentation. Pour répondre à cet objectif, un échantillon composé de 7783 adultes âgés de 40 à 70 ans résidant dans quatre villes du Québec (Canada) a été utilisé. Des indicateurs de proximité ainsi que des indicateurs absolus et relatifs de densité de commerces alimentaires, de restaurants-minute et de dépanneurs situés aux alentours du domicile des participants ont été associés à la consommation de fruits et légumes (F&L). Les données des analyses de régressions logistiques univariées suggèrent que la consommation du nombre de portions minimales de F&L (5 portions) était associée de façon significative aux sept mesures de l'environnement alimentaire (RC variant entre 0.76 et 1.27). Cependant, ces relations étaient pour la plupart non significatives lorsque des variables confondantes étaient prises en compte. En multivarié, les variables les plus significativement corrélées à la consommation de F&L étaient des variables individuelles du sexe, du revenu et de l'éducation. Notre modèle de régression n'explique que 12,4 % de la variance de consommation de F&L, même en tenant compte de tous les facteurs confondants significatifs. Ces résultats démontrent que des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux cerner les facteurs d’influence de la consommation de F&L chez cette population.Unhealthy eating habits can compromise one’s health and generate significant individual, social and health services costs. The adoption of healthy eating habits depends on individual and environmental determinants related to the characteristics of the physical, economic, political and socio-cultural environments. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effect of the physical environment, more precisely the effect of food outlet accessibility, on diet. To meet our objective, a subsample of the CARTaGENE database, composed of 7,783 adults aged 40 to 70 years old residing in four cities in Quebec (Canada) was used. Measures of proximity as well as absolute and relative measures of density of retail food outlets, fast-food outlets and convenience stores near participants’ residences were used to analyze fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. Univariate logistic regression showed that the minimal recommended portions of F&V intake (5 or more portions) was significantly associated with all seven measures of the retail food environment (OR between 0.76 and 1.27). However, these relations were mostly non-significant when confounding variables were considered in the analysis. Variables most significantly correlated to F&V intake were individual-level confounding variables of sex, income and education. Women were 3.13 (CI 2.85 – 3.45) times more likely than men to eat the recommended number of F&V portions. Only 12.4% of the F&V variance was explained by our regression model when considering all significant confounding factors. These results show that more research is needed to understand factors explaining F&V intake in this population

Proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues by mass spectrometry.

Résumé : L’adénocarcinome colorectal est parmi les plus importants cancers au Canada en terme de mortalité et morbidité. Cependant, nous n’en connaissons encore que peu, entres autres sur les voies cellulaires importantes et les protéines présentant un potentiel comme biomarqueur. Cette étude fut divisée en deux sous-projets. Sous-projet A. Il n’y a présentement aucun biomarqueur permettant de prédire la réponse à la radiothérapie comme modalité de traitement pour le cancer colorectal. Le but de ce sous-projet était de mettre au point les méthodes permettant d’effectuer une étude prospective ou rétrospective par spectrométrie de masse sur la réponse à la radiothérapie en utilisant des échantillons de tissu de patient. Des échantillons de tissu de souris et de tissu humains anonymisés ont été utilisés pour évaluer la faisabilité d’une telle étude. Différentes techniques d’extraction protéique ont été évaluées. Les extraits totaux et fractionnements subcellulaires de tissu frais ont permis une analyse appropriée des protéines cellulaires. Il en était de même pour l’extraction totale de tissus fixés. Cependant, les protéines extraites suite à microdissection au laser de tissu fixé étaient inadéquates et en nombre insuffisant. Sous-projet B. Afin d’investiguer l’importance de fonctions, voies ou protéines dans différents types de cancer colorectaux, neuf lignées cellulaires de cancer colorectal et de côlon normal ont été fractionnées en quatre compartiments subcellulaires et analysées par spectrométrie de masse. Aucun groupe de recherche n’avait analysé jusqu’à présent plus de cinq lignées et plus d’un compartiment subcellulaire à la fois. Les résultats montraient que certaines voies canoniques et fonctions cellulaires étaient de haute importance dans plusieurs des lignées analysées, dont la voie de signalisation par eIF2. De plus, les régulateurs de transcription TP53, MYC et TGFB1, pouvant être responsables des caractéristiques cellulaires observées, ont été identifiés. En conclusion, ce projet nous a permis d’améliorer nos connaissances sur les caractéristiques moléculaires d’importance dans le cancer colorectal et de mettre au point des techniques qui pourraient permettre la découverte de nouveaux biomarqueurs.Abstract : Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most important cancers in Canada in terms of mortality and morbidity. However, we still know very little on its molecular features. This study was divided into two sub-projects. Sub-project A. At this time, no biomarker has the capacity of predicting a patient’s response to radiotherapy, which is a commonly used treatment of colorectal cancer. The goal of this section was to develop the methods to conduct a prospective or retrospective mass spectrometry study on the patient response to radiotherapy, through the use of human tissues. Mouse tissues and tissues of an anonymous patient were obtained in order to evaluate the feasibility of such a study. Different protein extraction techniques were evaluated. Total lysates and subcellular fractionations of fresh tissues allowed for a successful analysis of the samples. The same was true of total lysates of fixed tissues. However, proteins extracted from cells isolated through laser capture microdissection were insufficient in numbers and their types were inconsistent with the expected results. Sub-project B. In order to study the importance of proteins and cellular functions or pathways in different types of colorectal cancers. nine cell lines originating from colorectal carcinoma and from normal colon were fractionated according to four subcellular compartments and analysed through mass spectrometry. Until now, no research group had analysed, in a single study more than 5 cell lines as well as more than one subcellular compartment at once. Some cellular functions and canonical pathways were shown to be of high importance in many of the studied cell lines, such as the signalling through eIF2 pathway. Furthermore, the transcription regulators TP53, MYC and TGFB1were identified as potentially responsible for the observed proteomic characteristics. In conclusion, this study allowed for a better understanding of important molecular caracteristics of colorectal cancer and allowed for the optimization of techniques that may serve in the discovery of new biomarkers relative to the use of radiotherapy as a treatment

Is Food Outlet Accessibility a Significant Factor of Fruit and Vegetable Intake? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Province-Wide Study in Quebec, Canada

Unhealthy eating habits can compromise one’s health and generate significant individual, social, and health services costs. The adoption of healthy eating habits depends on individual and environmental determinants related to the characteristics of the physical, economic, political, and socio-cultural environments. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effect of the physical environment, more precisely the effect of food outlet accessibility, on diet. A subsample of the CARTaGENE survey, composed of 7783 adults aged 40 to 70 years old residing in four cities in Quebec (Canada), was used. Measures of proximity as well as absolute and relative measures of the density of retail food outlets, fast-food outlets, and convenience stores near participants’ residences were used to analyze fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. Univariate logistic regression showed that the minimal recommended portions of F&V intake (5 or more portions) were significantly associated with all seven measures of the retail food environment (OR between 0.76 and 1.27). However, these relations were mostly non-significant when confounding variables were considered in the analysis except and counterintuitively for proximity to the nearest convenience store and density of convenience stores. Variables most significantly correlated to F&V intake were individual-level confounding variables of sex, income, and education. These results show that more research is needed to understand factors explaining F&V intake in this population

MOESM5 of The response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a predictive proteomic signature

Additional file 5: Table S5. Proteins differentially expressed between non-responders (NR) and responders (PR+TR)

MOESM7 of The response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a predictive proteomic signature

Additional file 7: Table S7. Proteins identification (NR, PR and TR)

MOESM4 of The response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a predictive proteomic signature

Additional file 4: Table S4. Proteins differentially expressed between PR and PR

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field