MODELO MATEMÁTICO DEL CRECIMIENTO DE BIOMASA Y LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ÁCIDO PROPIÔNICO, POR K. MARXIANUS CCT7735

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização a modelagem cinética do processo de formação de ácido propiônico (Ac. P) e crescimento de biomassa por K. marxianus, através do modelo de Verhuslt e o modelo de Luedeking-Piret e analisar os resultados durante o processo fermentativo. A levedura utilizada foi a K. marxianus CCT 7735 (UFV3), isolada e armazenada na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os componentes do meio foram extrato de levedura, peptona e dextrose. As amostras coletadas de concentração de célula e ácido propiônico foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com auxílio do software Scilab. Os dados obtidos durante o processo fermentativo foram ajustados e adaptados aos modelos matemáticos. Houve o crescimento celular em condições de aerobiose, onde nessas condições, a velocidade específica de crescimento (µ) foi de 0.0925h- e as constante do modelo Luedeking-Piret foram, β=0,000243 g Ac.P · g biomassa-1 h -1, α = 0,450639 g Ac.P · g biomassa-1. A partir da modelagem matemática teve-se a confirmação de que a formação de produto está parcialmente associada ao crescimento celular da levedura

A WEB-BASED RESOURCE FOR STRUCTURAL INFORMATION ON eIF5A AND ITS RELATED PROTEINS: NEW POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN MANY HUMAN DISORDERS

Objective: There is a considerable therapeutic interest in eIF5A as a potential target for drug development through inhibition of hypusination. In this regards, protein structural information is fundamental. Herein, we reported the developing of a web-based system, called eIF5ADB, which compiles all protein structural data on eIF5A and its related proteins.Methods: The eIF5ADB database was implemented as a MySQL relational database, using PHP scripting language. Web interfaces were developed using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. The data were collected from PDB, UniProt and Entrez databases. These data were filtered appropriately using specialized literature.Results: The database provides three modules that allow to search, acquisition of contents and access to statistical data, besides direct links to matching to external databases.Conclusion: The platform developed here is very useful for researchers interested in this content and can be accessed at http: //www. gurupi. uft. edu. br/btoxdb/eif5adb.Â

Determining water content and other impurities in Siparuna guianensis Aublet essential oil using differential scanning calorimetry

Siparuna guianensis Aublet is a predominant species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Some studies found that its essential oil has properties that could be useful for manufacturing new products. Its quality depends on physicochemical properties, since its degradation, as well as water content and other volatile materials may cause several changes in its features. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the water content in the S. guianensis essential oil in order to evaluate its thermal parameters. The method is based on the hypothesis that the desolvation enthalpy (ΔHdesol) needed for removing n water moles from the essential oil is approximately the enthalpy needed for melting the same n water moles (nΔHf). Thus, the current study considers the dissociation enthalpy (ΔHdiss) to be negligible. The total number of moles was calculated from the molecular mass value of the main essential oil components mentioned in the literature. The DSC curve in nitrogen atmosphere indicated the melting temperature of 1.6°C (ΔH=18.95 Jg-1). Based on the dehydration enthalpies demonstrated in the DSC curve, it was possible to infer that the calculations on the number of water moles and other constant volatile materials found in the S. guianensis essential oil were compatible with Karl Fischer Titration (KFT) method. This method is commonly used to determine the water content in substances.Key words: Siparuna guianensis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses

Toxicological studies in poultry consuming fumonisin from corn contaminated with Brazilian Amazonian flora

The fungus Fusarium verticillioides produces fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), characterized by being the most frequently produced molecular forms and with greater toxicity. Fumonisin contamination is responsible for substantial losses during the meat production chain, so the safe levels of these compounds must be determined. The study was directed to establish safe levels of FB1 in poultry production; for this purpose, were used COBB 500® birds on experimental lots of infected corn during the 2015/2016 season in Brazil. The experimental group included 160 animals, divided into two groups: The T1 without fumonisin in the diet (control); and the T2 group in which corn was contaminated with 2.78 μg/g of fumonisin FB1. Histopathological effects of liver, heart, and small intestine, and zootechnical parameters were measured in birds treated. We found that there were no significant differences between the birds treated and untreated after 21 days of exposure to each treatment; F-values > P-values (P<0,05) for feed intake and weekly weight gain. Taken together, our data showed that the concentration evaluated is safe in poultry and will contribute to the design of future clinical studies

Cinética de crescimento de levedura em mosto de cagaita para produção de bebida fermentada

Resumo: Objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo inicial da cinética de crescimento de levedura para servir como base para futuros estudos visando determinar a potencialidade do mosto de cagaita como fonte de substrato na fermentação alcoólica de S. cerevisiae visando a produção de bebida fermentada. Os frutos foram coletados na região sul do estado de Tocantins e após clarificação foi realizado a inoculação com concentração inicial de 1,8 x 103 Células por ml. Os parâmetros analisados foram, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis e densidade ótica a 550nm e taxa de crescimento celular. Como resultados observamos que o TSS inicial apresenta valor bem acima do encontrado em outras frutas como cajá, melancia e caju, os valores de pH inicial do mosto encontra-se abaixo da maioria dos dados da literatura e abaixo do considerado ideal para o crescimento de leveduras e ainda que a velocidade de crescimento abaixo da maioria dos dados disponíveis na literatura são possivelmente decorrentes de fatores nutricionais ou em relação à cepa utilizada.Kinetics of growth of yeast in wort of cagaita for production of fermented beverage Abstract: The objective this work was the initial study of growth kinetics of yeast to serve as a basis for future studies to determine the potential of the wort cagaita as a source of substrate in the fermentation of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae aimed at producing of fermented drink. Fruits were collected in the southern state of Tocantins and after clarification was conducted inoculation with initial concentration of 1.8 x 103 cells per ml. The analyzed parameters were pH, soluble solids, and optical density at 550nm and cell growth rate. As a result we observe that the initial TSS presented value well above that found in other fruits like cajá, watermelon and cashew, the values of initial pH of the wort is below the majority of the literature data and below the considered ideal for the growth of yeasts and although the growth rate was lower than most of the data available in the literature is possibly arising from nutritional factors or relative to the strain used

Growth conditions of clostridium perfringens type B for production of toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines

The diseases caused for Clostridium perfringens are generically called enterotoxemias because toxins produced in the intestine may be absorbed into the general circulation. C. perfringens type B, grown in batch fermentation, produced toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines. Glucose in concentrations of 1.4–111.1 mM was used to define the culture medium. The minimum concentration for a satisfactory production of vaccines against clostridial diseases was 55.6 mM. Best results were brought forth by meat and casein peptones, both in the concentration 5.0 g l^−1 in combination with glucose and a culture pH maintained at 6.5 throughout the fermentation process. The production of lactic, acetic and propionic organic acids was observed. Ethanol was the metabolite produced in the highest concentration when cultures maintained steady pH of 6.5 with exception of cultures with initial glucose concentration of 1.4 mM, where the highest production was of propionic acid. Maximal cell concentration and the highest toxin title concomitantly low yield coefficient to organic acids and ethanol were obtained using basal medium containing 111.1 mM glucose under a controlled pH culture (pH) 6.5 in batch fermentations of C. perfringens type B. These data contribute to improve process for industrial toxin production allowing better condition to produce a toxoid vaccine

Phytotoxic effects of essential oils in controlling weed species Digitaria horizontalis and Cenchrus echinatus

In certain plant species, essential oils have been reported to inhibit seed germination and cause toxicity and have been associated with a loss of photosynthetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils and their major compound citronellal on the germination and growth of crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis) and burrgrass (Cenchrus echinatus). Essential oils from E. citriodora and C. nardus and pure citronellal compound were used at concentrations of 1% and 10% and 20% to test seed germination and phytotoxic effects, respectively, in the plants. The treatments application was done when the plants were at the four-leaf stage. Seed germination was reduced drastically (97–99% reduction relative to untreated controls), with citronellal showing more drastic reductions than essential oils. In addition, evaluated the phytotoxic effects of essential oils on plant height and dry mass of shoots and roots were evaluated. The negative effects of the oils were seen 12 h following the treatment. The application of the oils at a concentration of 20% reduced the accumulation of dry mass of shoots and roots; however, the number of tiller only affected stomatal opening in burrgrass. Finally, the oils reduced chlorophyll and total protein content in the weeds by more than 80% and 90%, respectively. Therefore, these oils may have application as potential bioherbicides to controlling weeds

Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer