IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA: Um estudo acerca dos agentes políticos ADMINISTRATIVE MISCONDUCT: A study about political agents

O presente artigo pretende discutir o tema da improbidade administrativa, um estudo acerca dos agentes políticos, destacando a importância da probidade àqueles que exercem cargos de decisão, comando e orientação, frente à Administração Pública. Objetiva-se assim analisar as mudanças acerca da penalização dos agentes políticos, segundo a Lei de Improbidade Administrativa e a Reclamação n° 2.138 julgada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal; aborda, portanto os meios de penalização dos agentes políticos e o entendimento daquela Corte acerca dessas mudanças. A metodologia empregada foi de compilação bibliográfica

Factors associated with quality of life of elderly attending a health unit in the Federal District, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à qualidade de vida de idosos que frequentam uma unidade de saúde de Ceilândia-DF. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritiva com delineamento transversal, realizada com 277 idosos, por meio de entrevista para investigação das variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, clínicas e aplicação do WHOQOL-bref, com análise estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Os idosos avaliados demonstraram melhor qualidade de vida no domínio "relações sociais", seguido do "psicológico", "físico" e, por último, "meio ambiente". CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores significativamente associados à qualidade de vida neste estudo foram: doença, tabagismo, atividade física, alteração visual e história de queda. Os problemas/barreiras conhecidos neste estudo podem direcionar os profissionais de saúde que atuam na atenção primária. A assistência direcionada poderá permitir uma relação de confiança entre o profissional de saúde e o idoso, além de auxiliá-los a resolver os problemas/barreiras que estão afetando sua qualidade de vida.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with quality of life of elderly attending a Health Unit in Ceilandia, Federal District, Brazil. METHOD: Quantitative approach with descriptive cross-sectional design conducted with 277 elderly through interviews to investigate demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables and application of the WHOQOL-bref, with descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: The elderly showed better quality of life in the domain "social relations", followed by "psychological", "physical" and finally "environment". CONCLUSIONS: Factors significantly associated with quality of life in this study were: disease, smoking, physical activity, visual and history of falls. The problems / barriers known in this study can guide the health professionals who work at primary health care. The targeted assistance may enable a trusting relationship between the health professional and the elderly as well as help them to solve the problems / barriers that affect their quality of life

FATORES ASSOCIADOS AOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES E AO SEDENTARISMO EM IDOSOS COM OBESIDADE

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices antropométricos e a composição corporal, bem como identificar os fatores associados aos hábitos alimentares e ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado com 206 idosos com obesidade que foram avaliados com o inquérito domiciliar e avaliação da atividade física com o International Physical Activity Questionnaries (IPAQ) na Unidade de Saúde com medidas antropométricas e impedância elétrica com o aparelho Biodynamics. Considerou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliar a diferença entre proporções. Teste t independente foi utilizado para comparar médias. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como significância. Resultados: Dos 206 idosos avaliados, (n = 122) eram do sexo feminino (59,2%) e (n = 84) do sexo masculino (40,8%). Os dados gerais da amostra estudada referentes às características demográficas indicaram que 35,9% possuem entre 60 a 65 anos, 55,8% são casados, 51,4% têm renda de até dois salários mínimos, 80,6% não tem controle/restrição alimentar, 82,5% não são tabagistas, 62,6% não ingerem bebida alcoólica, 93,2% são sedentários, 57,3% não tem atividade de lazer e 41,3% possuem em média um a quatro anos de estudo. Em relação aos hábitos alimentares, foram associados o sexo com consumo de verduras (p = 0,009), escolaridade com consumo de frutas (p = 0,041) e verduras (p = 0,006) e o estado civil com dieta (p = 0,046) e consumo de frutas (p = 0,043). Os fatores associados ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade foram sexo (p = 0,031), renda (p = 0,002) e tabagismo (p < 0,000). Conclusão: Conhecer tal realidade também é importante para o mapeamento dos serviços de saúde e planejamento de intervenções

Impact of metabolic syndrome components in high-risk cardiovascular disease development in older adults

Objective: Analyze the influence between the components of metabolic syndrome and the independent risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 205 older adults from a primary healthcare unit of the Federal District, Brazil. The cardiovascular risk was determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The National Cholesterol Evaluation Program for Adult Treatment Panel III 2001 (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were considered to analyze metabolic syndrome (MS) diagnoses. Results: There was a strong association between MS and high cardiovascular risk (OR = 8.86). The univariate analysis main findings revealed that male gender, diabetes, smoking habit, systolic blood pressure, HDL level, high blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and LDL level were associated with high cardiovascular risk. FRS increases significantly with the presence of four or more MS components (by 30%, if 4 components are present, and by 40%, if 5 components) when compared with the presence of three or fewer components (P <0.001). A logistic regression analysis of high-risk predictors was described to reduce the effects of confounding and bias factors. Conclusion: The identification of MS associated with high FRS values represents a cascading of adverse effects on the population’s aging process

Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: Measurements in air and dust samples

Background: This study aimed to estimate airborne nicotine concentrations and nicotine, cotinine, and tobaccospecific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in settled dust from private cars in Spain and the UK. Methods: We measured vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in a convenience sample of 45 private cars from Spain (N = 30) and the UK (N = 15) in 2017-2018. We recruited non-smoking drivers (n = 20), smoking drivers who do not smoke inside the car (n = 15), and smoking drivers who smoke inside (n = 10). Nicotine, cotinine, and three TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NNA) were also measured in settled dust in a random subsample (n = 20). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) compounds according to the drivers' profile. Results: 24-h samples yielded median airborne nicotine concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (IQR

Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity: Mid-term Outcomes of the Laparoscopic Ileal Interposition Associated to a Sleeve Gastrectomy in 120 Patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of the laparoscopic ileal interposition associated to a sleeve gastrectomy (LII-SG) for the treatment of morbid obesity. The procedure was performed in 120 patients: 71 women and 49 men with mean age of 41.4 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 43.4 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2). Patients had to meet requirements of the 1991 NIH conference criteria for bariatric operations. Associated comorbidities were observed in all patients, including dyslipidemia in 51.7%, hypertension in 35.8%, type 2 diabetes in 15.8%, degenerative joint disease in 55%, gastroesophageal reflux disease in 36.7%, sleep apnea in 10%, and cardiovascular problems in 5.8%. Mean follow-up was 38.4 +/- 10.2 months, range 25.2-61.1. There was no conversion to open surgery nor operative mortality. Early major complications were diagnosed in five patients (4.2%). Postoperatively, 118 patients were evaluated. Late major complications were observed in seven patients (5.9%). Reoperations were performed in six (5.1%). Mean postoperative BMI was 25.7 +/- 3.17 kg/m(2), and 86.4% were no longer obese. Mean %EWL was 84.5 +/- 19.5%. Hypertension was resolved in 88.4% of the patients, dyslipidemia in 82.3%, and T2DM in 84.2%. The LII-SG provided an adequate weight loss and resolution of associated diseases during mid-term outcomes evaluation. There was an acceptable morbidity with no operative mortality. It seems that chronic ileal brake activation determined sustained reduced food intake and increased satiety over time. LII-SG could be regularly used as a surgical alternative for the treatment of morbid obesity