9,956 research outputs found
Momentum distribution and coherence of a weakly interacting Bose gas after a quench
We consider a weakly interacting uniform atomic Bose gas with a
time-dependent nonlinear coupling constant. By developing a suitable Bogoliubov
treatment we investigate the time evolution of several observables, including
the momentum distribution, the degree of coherence in the system, and their
dependence on dimensionality and temperature. We rigorously prove that the
low-momentum Bogoliubov modes remain frozen during the whole evolution, while
the high-momentum ones adiabatically follow the change in time of the
interaction strength. At intermediate momenta we point out the occurrence of
oscillations, which are analogous to Sakharov oscillations. We identify two
wide classes of time-dependent behaviors of the coupling for which an exact
solution of the problem can be found, allowing for an analytic computation of
all the relevant observables. A special emphasis is put on the study of the
coherence property of the system in one spatial dimension. We show that the
system exhibits a smooth "light-cone effect," with typically no
prethermalization.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure
Magnetic superlattice and finite-energy Dirac points in graphene
We study the band structure of graphene's Dirac-Weyl quasi-particles in a one-dimensional magnetic superlattice formed by a periodic sequence of alternating magnetic barriers. The spectrum and the nature of the states strongly depend on the conserved longitudinal momentum and on the barrier width. At the center of the superlattice Brillouin zone we find new Dirac points at finite energies where the dispersion is highly anisotropic, in contrast to the dispersion close to the neutrality point which remains isotropic. This finding suggests the possibility of collimating Dirac-Weyl quasi-particles by tuning the doping
Magnetoresistance in Disordered Graphene: The Role of Pseudospin and Dimensionality Effects Unraveled
We report a theoretical low-field magnetotransport study unveiling the effect
of pseudospin in realistic models of weakly disordered graphene-based
materials. Using an efficient Kubo computational method, and simulating the
effect of charges trapped in the oxide, different magnetoconductance
fingerprints are numerically obtained in system sizes as large as 0.3
micronmeter squared, containing tens of millions of carbon atoms. In
two-dimensional graphene, a strong valley mixing is found to irreparably yield
a positive magnetoconductance (weak localization), whereas crossovers from
positive to a negative magnetoconductance (weak antilocalization) are obtained
by reducing disorder strength down to the ballistic limit. In sharp contrast,
graphene nanoribbons with lateral size as large as 10nm show no sign of weak
antilocalization, even for very small disorder strength. Our results
rationalize the emergence of a complex phase diagram of magnetoconductance
fingerprints, shedding some new light on the microscopical origin of pseudospin
effects.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Signatures of axion-like particles in the spectra of TeV gamma-ray sources
One interpretation of the unexplained signature observed in the PVLAS
experiment invokes a new axion-like particle (ALP) with a two-photon vertex,
allowing for photon-ALP oscillations in the presence of magnetic fields. In the
range of masses and couplings suggested by PVLAS, the same effect would lead to
a peculiar dimming of high-energy photon sources. For typical parameters of the
turbulent magnetic field in the galaxy, the effect sets in at E_gamma >~ 10
TeV, providing an ALP signature in the spectra of TeV gamma sources that can be
probed with Cherenkov telescopes. A dedicated search will be strongly motivated
if the ongoing photon regeneration experiments confirm the PVLAS particle
interpretation.Comment: 8 pages, 1 eps figure; typos corrected, matches published versio
The impact of stellar feedback on the density and velocity structure of the interstellar medium
We study the impact of stellar feedback in shaping the density and velocity
structure of neutral hydrogen (HI) in disc galaxies. For our analysis, we carry
out pc resolution -body+adaptive mesh refinement (AMR)
hydrodynamic simulations of isolated galaxies, set up to mimic a Milky Way
(MW), and a Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC, SMC). We quantify the
density and velocity structure of the interstellar medium using power spectra
and compare the simulated galaxies to observed HI in local spiral galaxies from
THINGS (The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey). Our models with stellar feedback give an
excellent match to the observed THINGS HI density power spectra. We find that
kinetic energy power spectra in feedback regulated galaxies, regardless of
galaxy mass and size, show scalings in excellent agreement with super-sonic
turbulence () on scales below the thickness of the HI
layer. We show that feedback influences the gas density field, and drives gas
turbulence, up to large (kpc) scales. This is in stark contrast to density
fields generated by large scale gravity-only driven turbulence. We conclude
that the neutral gas content of galaxies carries signatures of stellar feedback
on all scales.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
TMD PDF's: gauge invariance, RG properties and Wilson lines
The UV divergences associated with transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton
distribution functions (PDF) are calculated together with the ensuing one-loop
anomalous dimensions in the light-cone gauge. Time-reversal-odd effects in the
anomalous dimensions are observed and the role of Glauber gluons is discussed.
A generalized renormalization procedure of TMD PDFs is proposed, relying upon
the renormalization of contour-dependent operators with obstructions.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented at the International Workshop on
Diffraction in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, La Londe-les-Maures, France,
9-14 Sept 2008. v2: 5 pages, preprint number and e-mail addresses adde
Diagnosis and classification of pediatric acute appendicitis by artificial intelligence methods: An investigator-independent approach
Acute appendicitis is one of the major causes for emergency surgery in childhood and adolescence.
Appendectomy is still the therapy of choice, but conservative strategies are
increasingly being studied for uncomplicated inflammation. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis
remains challenging, especially due to the frequently unspecific clinical picture. Inflammatory
blood markers and imaging methods like ultrasound are limited as they have to be interpreted
by experts and still do not offer sufficient diagnostic certainty. This study presents a
method for automatic diagnosis of appendicitis as well as the differentiation between complicated
and uncomplicated inflammation using values/parameters which are routinely and
unbiasedly obtained for each patient with suspected appendicitis. We analyzed full blood
counts, c-reactive protein (CRP) and appendiceal diameters in ultrasound investigations
corresponding to children and adolescents aged 0–17 years from a hospital based population
in Berlin, Germany. A total of 590 patients (473 patients with appendicitis in histopathology
and 117 with negative histopathological findings) were analyzed retrospectively with
modern algorithms from machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). The discovery
of informative parameters (biomarker signatures) and training of the classification model
were done with a maximum of 35% of the patients. The remaining minimum 65% of patients
were used for validation. At clinical relevant cut-off points the accuracy of the biomarker signature
for diagnosis of appendicitis was 90% (93% sensitivity, 67% specificity), while the
accuracy to correctly identify complicated inflammation was 51% (95% sensitivity, 33%
specificity) on validation data. Such a test would be capable to prevent two out of three
patients without appendicitis from useless surgery as well as one out of three patients with
uncomplicated appendicitis. The presented method has the potential to change today’s therapeutic
approach for appendicitis and demonstrates the capability of algorithms from AI and
ML to significantly improve diagnostics even based on routine diagnostic parameters
Dynamics of the giant planets of the solar system in the gaseous proto-planetary disk and relationship to the current orbital architecture
We study the orbital evolution of the 4 giant planets of our solar system in
a gas disk. Our investigation extends the previous works by Masset and
Snellgrove (2001) and Morbidelli and Crida (2007, MC07), which focussed on the
dynamics of the Jupiter-Saturn system. The only systems that we found to reach
a steady state are those in which the planets are locked in a quadruple mean
motion resonance (i.e. each planet is in resonance with its neighbor). In total
we found 6 such configurations. For the gas disk parameters found in MC07,
these configurations are characterized by a negligible migration rate. After
the disappearance of the gas, and in absence of planetesimals, only two of
these six configurations (the least compact ones) are stable for a time of
hundreds of millions of years or more. The others become unstable on a
timescale of a few My. Our preliminary simulations show that, when a
planetesimal disk is added beyond the orbit of the outermost planet, the
planets can evolve from the most stable of these configurations to their
current orbits in a fashion qualitatively similar to that described in Tsiganis
et al. (2005).Comment: The Astronomical Journal (17/07/2007) in pres
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