Relato de caso e estudo imuno-histoquímico de tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico em um cão

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare and rarely reported in dogs. The term neurofibroma/sarcoma is classically used when the tumor is composed of Schawann and perineural cells. This work describes the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical case of a subcutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely a malignant neurofibroma located in the pelvic member of a Rottweiler dog. Histopathological features and immunohistochemical analysis corroborated the diagnosis, showing positivity for S-100 protein, vimentin, and CD57, and was useful to distinguish this type of neoplasm from other malignancies of similar morphologies.O tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico é raro e pouco descrito em cães. Classicamente, o termo “neurofibroma/sarcoma” é empregado quando o tumor é composto por células de Schwann e células perineurais. Neste relato são descritos os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico, provavelmente neurofibrossarcoma, localizado no subcutâneo do membro pélvico de um cão da raça Rottweiler. Os achados histopatológicos associados às observações imuno-histoquímicas contribuíram para o diagnóstico, sendo observada positividade para proteína S-100, vimentina e CD57, permitindo a diferenciação da neoplasia em questão de outros tumores malignos com características morfológicas similares

High blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents

OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada em crianças e adolescentes obesos ou com sobrepeso, bem como os fatores associados. MÉTODO: estudo transversal com 200 crianças e adolescentes, entre dois e 18 anos. Foram aferidos circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial, peso e estatura. Tanto a pressão arterial sistólica quanto a diastólica foram consideradas elevadas quando iguais ou superiores ao percentil 90. O valor da pressão arterial nos percentis 25, 50 e 75 foi descrito de acordo com faixa etária, sexo, estado nutricional e circunferência abdominal. Para avaliar a associação da pressão arterial elevada com as variáveis clínicas foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado e adotado nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a maioria das crianças e adolescentes (70,5%) apresentava pressão arterial elevada: 6% mostravam elevação apenas na pressão arterial sistólica, 33% na diastólica e 31,5% em ambas. Valores pressóricos sistólicos mais elevados foram observados nos indivíduos com obesidade grave e circunferência abdominal aumentada, assim como naqueles do sexo masculino e no grupo dos adolescentes. Entre os que tinham pressão arterial elevada, o limite máximo da normalidade da pressão sistólica foi observado no percentil 50 e, da diastólica, no 75. A pressão arterial sistólica elevada esteve associada aos adolescentes com obesidade grave. CONCLUSÃO: a alta prevalência de pressão arterial elevada observada neste estudo mostra a necessidade da implantação de políticas e ações voltadas à prevenção e controle da obesidade e suas co-morbidades, a exemplo da hipertensão arterial sistêmica.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of high blood pressure in fat or overweight children and adolescents and its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 200 children and adolescents between two and 18 years old. It was measured the abdominal circumference, blood pressure, weight and height. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were considered high when equal or higher than 90th percentile. The value of the blood pressure in the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles were described according to age groups, sex, nutritional state and abdominal circumference. To check the association between high blood pressure and clinical variables it was used qui-square tests and a significant level of 5%. RESULTS: The majority of children and adolescents (70.5 %) had high blood pressure: 6% showed an increase only in the systolic blood pressure, 33% in diastolic blood pressure and 31.5 % in both. Systolic blood pressure values were higher observed in individuals with severe obesity and increased waist circumference, as well as those of the male sex and in the group of adolescents. Among those who had high blood pressure, the normal maximum limit of the systolic blood pressure was observed in the 50th percentile and for the diastolic in the 75th percentile. The high systolic blood pressure was associated with adolescents with severe obesity. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of high blood pressure observed in this study indicates the need to implement policies and actions oriented towards the prevention and control of obesity and its co-morbidities, as the case of high blood pressure

Metastatic Pelvic Osteosarcoma in a Dog

Background: Osteosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of bone tissue, with a high prevalence in dogs, especially in large and giant breeds. More commonly, such alterations affect the appendicular skeleton and, to a lesser extent, the axial skeleton. In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to combine cytological and histopathological findings with clinical parameters, imaging exams and macroscopic findings. In the present study, we report a rare case of combined-type pelvic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old intact large male dog of mixed breed, was submitted to clinical care because of an increase in volume of the left perineal region.  The cytological evaluation, performed without imaging exams, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma. An incisional biopsy defined the diagnosis as telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and with progressive clinical worsening, the patient died. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple nodules in the lungs and an irregular mass with a hard to friable consistency. The mass was intensely vascularised and extended craniodorsally from the left ischial tuberosity to the base of the renal fossa. Microscopically, the neoplasm was diagnosed as combined osteosarcoma, consisting of the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and telangiectatic subtypes. Metastases with a predominance of the chondroblastic subtype were observed in the lungs.Discussion: This is the first report of combined-type canine osteosarcoma in the ischium. The case reported here is unusual, as there are few reports of canine osteosarcoma in the pelvic bones, and there is no concrete information regarding its histological appearance. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone neoplasm in dogs, representing up to 80% of the tumours found in such organs. In the present case, the dog was a large young adult with a higher probability of neoplasm development. A cytopathological examination is a diagnostic method with good sensitivity and specificity that can confirm osteosarcomas. However, in this case, the cytological diagnosis, performed without the information from the imaging exam, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma, given the impossibility of the architectural assessment of the lesion. Biopsy samples sent for histology may not be representative of the entire tumour, leading to misclassification of the histological type. Therefore, the evaluation of fragments from various sites of the lesions is recommended. Regarding the morphology of osteosarcomas, such neoplasms have the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, telangiectatic, large cell, and poorly differentiated subtypes. With regard to tumours located in the axial skeleton, no studies have assessed the predominance of a particular morphological type, as well as the incidence of combined-type masses in dogs in this particular location. Such neoplasms are locally aggressive and have a high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the main location for implantation of neoplastic cells. There is no proven evidence of the correlation between morphological presentations and the presence of metastases from osteosarcomas in dogs. The histological type is not a predictive factor for the behaviour of the neoplasm. However, the anatomical location is considered as one of the factors with the greatest influence on the prognosis and metastatic potential. Rib masses are associated with a higher rate of metastases compared to others. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcomas and its correct subclassification are of great importance in the prognosis of affected patients. These require an approach that considers the clinical findings, imaging examinations, and macroscopic and microscopic alterations. Keywords: bone, canine, cytopathology, histopathology, neoplasm.Título: Osteossarcoma pélvico metastático em cão Descritores: canino, citopatologia, histopatologia, neoplasia, osso

Hepatic Lipidosis Due to Obesity in a Free-Living Snake (Boa constrictor amarali)

Background: Liver performs several important functions to the maintenance of physiological mechanisms. Some liver diseases may directly affect anatomical and physiological aspects of this organ, and may lead to a permanent liver injury. In snakes, the most common causes of liver disease are infections, however, approaches on non-infectious liver diseases are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe macroscopically and microscopically liver alterations in a Boa constrictor amarali snake.Case: A adult male boa (Boa constrictor amarali) snake of 110 cm of length and weight of 3.270 kg from free-living conditions, and without previous history was rescued in an urban area and taken by the Environmental Police to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Wild Animals (LAPAS) of the Federal University of Uberlândia’s (UFU) Veterinary Hospital, in Uberlândia MG, Brazil. The animal died and a significant amount of adipose tissue was found throughout the extension of the coelomic cavity at necropsy, limiting the visualization of its internal organs. Fragments of altered organs were collected and packed in a universal collector containing a 10% buffered formalin solution. These samples were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA) of the UFU. Macroscopically, the stomach presented a reddish mucosa, and mucous contents. The liver was pale, with a yellowish color and a friable consistency. Microscopically, dilated hepatic sinusoids filled with red blood cells were observed; the hepatocytes were enlarged, and its cytoplasm were filled with vacuoles ofvaried sizes that did not stain (severe diffuse lipidosis). It was also found occurrence of multifocal areas with loss of tissue architecture, and hepatocytes in karyolysis, charactering necrosis; and a discrete amount of multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (multifocal hepatitis).Discussion: Obesity is connected to the occurrence of hepatic steatosis, since snakes are ectothermic animals that depend on environmental factors to maintain their metabolic rates. Obesity is a common problem in reptiles kept in captivity because they usually have constantly available food and little space to move. However, this was also observed in this study in a free-living animal found in an urbanized environment. Urbanization provides greater availability of food, and the animal does not need to go long distances to find a pray; this causes greater gain of body weight. Reptiles subjected to hot environments lose weight rapidly due to their relatively high metabolic rates. However, when subjected to low temperatures, they have a decrease in metabolism, compromising absorption, digestion, and liver metabolism, which causes fat accumulation. The animal under study is sedentary and it is a marked characteristic of this species; this strengthen the hypothesis that the animal moved little to feed because it was in an environment with high availability of prey. The animal presented accumulation of fat throughout the coelomic cavity, causing the rate of accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes to exceed its metabolic degradation rate, resulting in steatosis. The early diagnosis of hepatic alterations favors the appropriatetreatment, allowing the prevention of irreversible damage to this organ, and avoid the animal’s death.Keywords: ectotherm, hepatocellular lipidosis, snakes, amaral’s boa, hepatic steatosis

Leptospirosis in slaughtered cows in the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais: prevalence, serological profile and renal lesions

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that affects several species of domestic and wild animals and is an important cause of economic losses in cattle in Brazil. In this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, identified the most frequent serovars of Leptospira interrogans, and examine the renal pathological changes associated with the disease. Samples of blood serum and kidney fragments from 100 bovine females were collected in cattle abattoir. In the serological investigation 48% of the cows were positive. The serovars for which there were more reactive animals were Wolffi (24%), Hardjo (21%) and Hebdomadis (18%). Among the positive samples, 14/48 showed antibody titers greater than 1:100, and 70.83% of the seropositive animals responded to more than one Leptospira interrogans serovar. Only one farm did not have seropositive cows and in nine farms studied, six (66.66%) presented seropositive animals to the Hebdomadis serovar. At the histopathological examination, the most frequent microscopic lesions in positive animals were hyalinization (81.25%), congestion (81.25%) and hydropic degeneration (70.83%). However, these histopathological alterations were also found in kidneys of animals negative to serology, such as hyalinization (80.77%), congestion (48.07%) and hydropic degeneration (55.77%) and these findings are unrelated to positivity. Histopathological examination of the kidneys is not indicated to replace the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis, and may be used only as a complementary examination. Despite the low frequency of seropositive animals in the Triângulo Mineiro region, the disease is present in a large number of farms. Noteworthy is the high frequency of serovar Hebdomadis and it can be considered an emerging serovar in the region. The evaluation of the frequency of this serovar in other regions becomes important, and once verified should result in the recommendation of the inclusion of this serovar in the leptospirosis control

Aglepristone associado à ovariohisterectomia no tratamento de hiperplasia fibroadenomatosa mamária em uma gata: relato de caso

A hiperplasia fibroadenomatosa mamária (HFM) se caracteriza por rápida hipertrofia e hiperplasia do estroma e epitélio ductal das glândulas mamárias. Ela corresponde a 20% dos nódulos mamários e ocorre com maior frequência em felinos, fêmeas e jovens. Diante da elevada casuística de HFM, este estudo objetivou relatar um caso de sucesso terapêutico de HFM em uma gata, utilizando o procedimento de ovariohisterectomia (OH) associado a um fármaco antagonista de progesterona, a fim de contribuir com o esclarecimento quanto aos sinais clínicos, diagnóstico e tratamento desta afecção. Uma gata, sem raça definida, com sete meses de idade e 2,9 kg de peso vivo, apresentou aumento de volume das glândulas mamárias uma semana após o primeiro ciclo estral. Foi negado o histórico de acasalamentos e uso de contraceptivos. Todas as glândulas mamárias se encontravam hiperplásicas de forma assimétrica, cianóticas, consistência firme, alopécicas, com diâmetro variando entre 2,5 cm a 4 cm, ausência de aderências, com sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação. A gata foi diagnosticada com HFM por meio dos sinais clínicos, histórico e citopatologia. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu em OH associada ao uso de aglepristone. Ressalta-se que este protocolo é uma boa opção quando não há interesse do tutor na reprodução do animal, oferecendo resultados rápidos, eficazes e com chances reduzidas de recidivas

TUMOR OVARIANO DE CÉLULAS DE SERTOLI EM FÊMEA CANINA

Sertoli cells tumor, classified as a pure sexual cord tumor, is characterized by causing endocrine clinical manifestations. It is commonly found in males and is rare in females. The present study aimed to report a case of a Sertoli cell ovarian tumor in a female dog. The patient was a five-year-old female Shi Tzu dog, who complained of prayer position frequently and anestrus for two years. The physical examination determined diffuse and symmetrical alopecia, skin hyperpigmentation, fragile hair, and comedones, with increased volume in the left flank and sensitivity to abdominal palpation. The ultrasound examination evidenced the presence of a rounded structure, with defined edges in the topography of the left ovary, measuring approximately 5.27cm in its longest axis, in addition to incipient pyometra. After ovariosalpingohysterectomy, a histopathological evaluation of the ovary was performed with a diagnosis of sexual cord/stroma with an infiltrative Sertoli cell pattern. It is concluded that, although uncommon, it is important to include the Sertoli cell tumor as a differential diagnosis in cases of signs of hormonal dysregulation and changes in the estrous cycle, and animal's coat. The importance of imaging and histopathological exams for diagnosis, prognosis, and appropriate treatment is highlighted.RESUMO O tumor de células de Sertoli, classificado como tumor do cordão sexual puro, é caracterizado por provocar manifestações clínicas endócrinas. É encontrado mais comumente em machos e é raro em fêmeas. O presenteobjetivou relatar um caso de tumor ovariano de células de Sertoli em uma cadela. A paciente era uma fêmea canina, de cinco anos de idade da raça Shi Tzu, que apresentava queixa de “posição de prece” com frequência e anestro há dois anos. O exame físico determinou alopecia difusa e simétrica, hiperpigmentação de pele, pelos frágeis e comedões, com aumento de volume no flanco esquerdo e sensibilidade à palpação abdominal. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou estrutura arredondada, de bordas definidas em topografia de ovário esquerdo, medindo aproximadamente 5,27cm em seu maior eixo; além de piometra incipiente. Após ovariossalpingohisterectomia, realizou-se avaliação histopatológica do ovário, com diagnóstico de tumor do cordão sexual/estroma, com padrão de células de Sertoli infiltrativo. Conclui-se que, apesar de incomum, é importante incluir o tumor de células de Sertoli como diagnóstico diferencial, em casos de sinais de desregulação hormonal e alterações no ciclo estral e do pelame do animal. Ressalta-se a importância dos exames de imagem e histopatológicos para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento adequado

Minha profissão é a literatura : travessias da autoria feminina

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