The demand for meat in South Africa: An almost ideal estimation

A Linear Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), estimated in first differences, was used to anticipate the demand relations for meat (beef, chicken, pork and mutton) in South Africa from 1970 – 2000. Two tests for weak separability, including an F and Likelihood ratio version, failed to reject the null hypothesis of weak separability, confirming that the four meat products are separable, and should be modelled together. According to the Hausman exogeneity test, the expenditure term in the South African meat demand model is exogenous. As a result, a Restricted Seemingly Unrelated Regression (RSUR) was used to estimate the model, whereafter the parameters were used as to calculate compensated, uncompensated and expenditure elasticities.Demand and Price Analysis,

A Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) Estimation of the Demand for Meat in South Africa

A linear approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), estimated in first differences, were used to estimate the demand relations for meat (beef, chicken, pork and mutton) in South Africa from 1970 2000. Two tests for weak separability, including an F and Likelihood ratio version, failed to reject the null hypothesis of weak seperability, confirming that the four meat products are separable, and should be modelled together. According to the Hausman exogeneity test, the expenditure term in the South African meat demand model is exogenous. As a result, a Restricted Seemingly Unrelated Regression (RSUR) was used to estimate the model, whereafter the estimated parameters were used to estimate compensated, uncompensated and expenditure elasticities.Consumer/Household Economics,

Choosing between the AIDS and Rotterdam models: A meat demand analysis case study

Due to the inability of economic theory to choose ex ante between the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and the Rotterdam model, a non-nested test was used. The results of the non-nested test points to the Linearized-AIDS model applied to 31 years of meat consumption data in South Africa. When comparing the estimated demand relations of the two models, the LA/AIDS model also proved to be better fit for South African meat demand.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Analyzing the determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods and perceptions of climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia:

"This study identifies the major methods used by farmers to adapt to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia, the factors that affect their choice of method, and the barriers to adaptation. The methods identified include use of different crop varieties, tree planting, soil conservation, early and late planting, and irrigation. Results from the discrete choice model employed indicate that the level of education, gender, age, and wealth of the head of household; access to extension and credit; information on climate, social capital, agroecological settings, and temperature all influence farmers' choices. The main barriers include lack of information on adaptation methods and financial constraints. Moreover, the analysis reveals that age of the household head, wealth, information on climate change, social capital, and agroecological settings have significant effects on farmers' perceptions of climate change." from authors' abstractAdaptation, Perception on climate change, Agriculture, Climate change, Nile Basin of Ethiopia,

Household Fuel Use and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under Five Years of Age in Gondar city of Ethiopia

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of childhood illness and death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 6.5% of the entire global burden of disease.  This study investigated the association between household use of biomass fuels for cooking and acute respiratory infections in preschool age children (< 5 years) in Gondar city of Ethiopia. This cross sectional study was based on 715 children age 0–59 months included in three clusters randomly selected from 12 administrative areas of Gondar city. Children who suffered from cough accompanied by short, rapid breathing during the two weeks preceding the survey were defined as having suffered from ARI. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of suffering from ARI among children from households using biomass fuels (wood, dung or straw) relative to children from households using cleaner fuels (liquid petroleum gas (LPG), or electricity) after controlling for potentially confounding factors. More than half of the children (54.7%) lived in households using biomass fuels from which 26.3% suffered from ARI during the 2 weeks preceding the survey interview. Children in households using wood, dung, or straw for cooking were 3.89 times more likely to have suffered from ARI as compared to children from households using LPG or electricity (OR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.54, 28.25). Household’s use of high pollution biomass fuels is significantly associated with ARI in preschool age children in Gondar city, Ethiopia. The relationship needs to be further investigated using more direct measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of ARI. Keywords: Acute respiratory illness, Indoor air pollution, Biomass combustion, Gondar cit

Genome-wide association mapping for grain shape and color traits in Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)

Grain shape and color strongly influence yield and quality of durum wheat. Identifying QTL for these traits is essential for transferring favorable alleles based on selection strategies and breeding objectives. In the present study, 192 Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 landraces and 25 cultivars were genotyped with a high-density Illumina iSelect 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array to conduct a genome-wide association analysis for grain width (GW), grain length (GL), CIE (Commission Internationale l'Eclairage) L* (brightness), CIE a* (redness), and CIE b* (yellowness) traits. The accessions were planted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia in the 2015/2016 cropping season in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Twenty homogeneous and healthy seeds per replicate were used for trait measurement. Digital image analysis of seeds with GrainScan software package was used to generate the phenotypic data. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all traits. A total of 46 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all traits across all chromosomes. One novel major candidate QTL (−lg P ≥ 4) with pleiotropic effects for grain CIE L* (brightness) and CIE a* (redness) was identified on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Eighteen nominal QTL (−lg P ≥ 3) and 26 suggestive QTL (−lg P ≥ 2.5) were identified. Pleiotropic QTL influencing both grain shape and color were identified

Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 10-11, 2010, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents SSDW treasury report Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2009. Compiled by SR Koenning Green Bean symposium (Jason Bond, moderator) Factors Contributing to Green Plants at Maturity. DJ Boquet, RL Leonard, GB Padgett, RW Schneider, J Griffin, J Davis, and R Vaverde The Green Stem Disorder Enigma in Illinois. C Hill and G. Hartman The Influence of Fungicides, Herbicides, and Their Interactions on Green Bean Syndrome. GB Padgett, DJ Boquet, RW Schneider, and MA Purvis Association of Stink Bug Injury with A Green Plant Malady in Soybean. JH Temple, BR Leonard, J Davis, P Price, and J Hardke Managing Green Stem: Desiccant Application Timing in Indeterminate and Determinate Soybean. JM Boudreaux, JL Griffin, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Graduate student paper competition (Boyd Padgett, moderator) Disinfection of Soybean Seed by Sterilization of C. kikuchii and Other Seedborne Fungi with Gaseous Chlorine Compounds. P Price, DJ Stephens, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Field Evaluations of Simplicillium lanosoniveum as a Biological Control Agent for Phakopsora pachyrhizi. NA Ward, RW Schneider, and CL Robertson Effects of Environment and Cultivar on Charcoal Rot Development in Soybeans. M Doubledee, J Rupe, C Rothrock, S Bajwa, A Steger, and R Holland Field Evaluation and Molecular Screening of Soybean Lines for Resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome. DW Clark and S Kantartzi Southern Soybean Disease Workers paper session (Clayton Hollier and Boyd Padgett, moderators) Effect of a Fungicide and Insecticide Application on Soybean Seed Quality in Mississippi. TW Allen, CH Koger, AL Catchot, J Gore, D Cook, RE Baird, S Martin, and C Daves USB Funding of Soybean Disease Research. R. Joost Can Headline Fungicide Reduce Yield Loss in Soybean Caused by Soybean Cyst Nematode? DE Hershman and BS Kennedy Efficacy, Yield and Economics of Ballad Plus Biofungicide for Soybean. S Atwell, D Warkentin, and D Manker Management of Soybean Nematodes Through the use of Resistance and Nematicides. M Emerson, S Monfort, A Carroll, J Fortner, T Kirkpatrick, and J Barham Asian Soybean Rust in Louisiana: Evidence of a Dynamic Pathogen. CA Hollier, PA Bollich, GB Padgett, and MA Purvis Alabama Disease Survey. E Sikora, JF Murphy, K Lawrence, and D Delaney Black Root Rot of Soybean: An Emerging Problem in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. C Coker, T Allen, and GB Padgett Soybean Resistance to SCN in.North Carolina, a Continuing Story. SR Koening Research Update on Screening Germ plasm and Breeding for Reisistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean. S Li, A Wrather, P Chen, and J Rupe Afternoon sessions (Cliff Coker, moderator) Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus: A New Widespread Virus in the Southeast and Midwest. J Zhou, R-H Wen, M Newman, SK Kantartzi, MR Hajimorad, and IE Tzanetakis Black Root Rot a New Soybean Disease to Arkansas. A Carroll, S Monfort, M Emerson, and J Fortner Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Seed Nutrition and Quality, Seed Coat Boron and Lignin Are Influenced by Delayed Harvest in Exotically-Derived Soybean Breeding Lines under High Heat

The timing of harvest is a major factor affecting seed quality in soybean, particularly in Midsouthern USA, when rain during harvest period is not uncommon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of time of harvest on soybean seed quality (seed composition, germination, seed coat boron, and lignin) in high germinability (HG) breeding lines (50% exotic) developed under high heat. The hypothesis was that seeds of HG lines possess physiological and genetic traits for a better seed quality at harvest maturity and delayed harvest. A 2-year field experiment was conducted under irrigated conditions. Results showed that, at harvest maturity, the exotic HG lines had higher seed protein, oleic acid, sugars, seed coat boron, and seed coat lignin, but lower seed oil compared with the non-exotic checks (Control), confirming our hypothesis. At 28 days after harvest maturity (delayed harvest), the content of seed protein, oleic acid, sugars, seed coat boron, and seed coat lignin were higher in some of the HG lines compared with the checks, indicating a possible involvement of these seed constituents, especially seed coat boron and seed coat lignin, in maintaining seed coat integrity and protecting seed coat against physical damage. Highly significant positive correlations were found between germination and seed protein, oleic acid, sugars, and seed coat boron and seed coat lignin. Highly significant negative correlation was found between germination and oil, linoleic acid, seed coat wrinkling, shattering, and hard seed. Yields of some HG lines were competitive with checks. This research demonstrated that time of harvesting is an important factor influencing seed protein and oil production. Also, since high oleic acid is desirable for oxidative stability, shelf-life and biodiesel properties, using HG lines could positively influence these important traits. This result should suggest to breeders of some of the advantages of selecting for high seed coat boron and lignin, and inform growers of the importance of timely harvest for maintaining high seed quality

The relationship between the firm's social media strategy and the consumers' engagement behavior in aviation

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