The environment as a common good in the time of globalization: its conceptualization and social perception

Landscape, Law & Justice: Proceedings from a workshop on old and new cornmons, Centre for Advanced Study, Oslo, 11-13 March 2003.It is usual to consider lhe environment as a common good, but we are far from having a clear definition of either of lhem: lhe environment and lhe common. Bolh vary according the scope of lhe analysis (world, national, regional, provincial, local), the different societies, and the diverse elements included, and so vary the social perception and action on the environment. On the other hand, new and increasing demands from lhe environment as a common good, as it is the case of preserving biodiversity or landscape among others) might clash with traditional commons. Societies face now a challenge to compatibilize traditional cornmons and the new common: the environment. In arder to study lhe idea of the environment as the new common is relevant to pay attention to legal conceptions and issues related with property rights. A conceptual and historical clarification of the sense and meaning of common is required. In this paper the conceptual problematic of lhe term common for the case of the environment is analyzed, and the change in its social perception within the process of industrialization and globalization. A case study of Navarre (Spain) show how peapie conceive Nature in terms of common good

Post-conflict perception in Colombia: The case of high school students

Tras el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016 entre el gobierno de la República de Colombia y la guerrilla FARC, se implementó la Cátedra de la Paz dentro de las políticas de consolidación del posconflicto. Para conocer su incidencia en la percepción sobre el posconflicto, se realizó una investigación mixta cuantitativa en el que se usan datos cualitativos para reforzar los resultados obtenidos con la escala tipo Likert a 793 alumnos de educación básica y media de colegios de Barranquilla y área metropolitana. Los resultados muestran que el posconflicto es percibido como una etapa formalmente nueva, pero los participantes no ven una diferencia respecto a lo que les importa. El extrañamiento, los ritmos del cambio, la incertidumbre y la ignorancia estratégica son claves para comprender su respuesta.After the 2016 Peace Agreement between the of the Republic of Colombia government and the FARC guerrilla, the Chair for Peace was implemented within the post-conflict consolidation policies. In order to know its impact on the post-conflict perception, we conducted a mixed quantitative investigation in which qualitative data are used to reinforce the results obtained with a Likerttype scale applied to a sample 793 high school students in Barranquilla and the metropolitan area. The results demonstrate that the post-conflict is perceived as a formally new stage, but the participants do not appreciate a difference regarding to what matters to them. The estrangement, the rhythms of change, the uncertainty, and the strategic ignorance are key to comprehend their response

Cooperativas cubanas diante dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável: : proposta de instrumento de diagnóstico

Based on a critical review of the Cooperative Social Responsibility Management Model (MGRSC), a diagnostic instrument is proposed to identify the contribution of Cuban cooperatives to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and a methodology for its use. For this, a qualitative documentary study was carried out on social responsibility models. The procedures used were analysis and synthesis. The research shows that the evaluation of the social performance of cooperatives serves to estimate their contribution to the SDGs, although in its conception the MGRSC did not incorporate the measurement and evaluation of the contribution of cooperatives to the SDGs. There is also a gnoseological vision of cooperatives by leaving out other dimensions that allow us to understand why in most Cuban cooperatives their social management practices are isolated and spontaneous. In this regard, a battery of 50 indicators is proposed that contribute to the diagnosis phase and that align social performance, cooperative principles, and SDG. The use of indicators is recommended within an Action Research process that promotes their critical appropriation and drives an organizational change that recognizes the context of the cooperative and the perspective of its members.A partir de una revisión crítica del Modelo de Gestión de Responsabilidad Social Cooperativa (MGRSC), se propone un instrumento diagnóstico para identificar la contribución de las cooperativas cubanas a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y una metodología para su uso. Para ello, se realizó un estudio documental de tipo cualitativo sobre modelos de responsabilidad social. Los procedimientos empleados fueron análisis y síntesis. La investigación demuestra que, la valoración del desempeño social de las cooperativas sirve para estimar su aportación a los ODS, pese a que el MGRSC no incorpora inicialmente este aspecto. Se advierte, una visión gnoseológica de las cooperativas al no contemplar otras dimensiones que permitan comprender por qué en la mayoría de las cooperativas cubanas sus prácticas de gestión social son aisladas y espontáneas. Al respecto se propone una batería de 50 indicadores que tributan a la fase de diagnóstico y que alinean desempeño social, principios cooperativos y ODS. Se recomienda el uso de los indicadores dentro de un proceso de Investigación Acción que promueva su apropiación crítica e impulse un cambio organizacional que reconozca el contexto de la cooperativa y la perspectiva de sus miembros. A partir de uma revisão crítica do Modelo de Gestão da Responsabilidade Social Cooperativa (MGRSC), propõe-se um instrumento de diagnóstico para identificar a contribuição das cooperativas cubanas aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e uma metodologia para sua utilização. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo documental qualitativo sobre os modelos de responsabilidade social. Os procedimentos utilizados foram análise e síntese. A pesquisa mostra que a avaliação do desempenho social das cooperativas serve para estimar sua contribuição para os ODS, apesar de o MGRSC inicialmente não incorporar esse aspecto. Nota-se, uma visão epistemológica das cooperativas por não contemplar outras dimensões que permitam compreender porque na maioria das cooperativas cubanas suas práticas de gestão social são isoladas e espontâneas. Nesse sentido, propõe-se uma bateria de 50 indicadores que contribuem para a fase de diagnóstico e que alinham desempenho social, princípios cooperativistas e ODS. A utilização de indicadores é recomendada dentro de um processo de pesquisa-ação que promova sua apropriação crítica e impulsione uma mudança organizacional que reconheça o contexto da cooperativa e a perspectiva de seus cooperados

Identification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry

This paper aims to present a procedure that allows identifying savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing company. The procedure based on the ISO 50001, 50004, and 50006 standards comprise the use of tools such as energy baselines, the goal line, energy performance indicators, the Pareto chart, and an energy review. As a result of the implementation of the procedure, it was possible to obtain the baseline, the goal line, and energy performance indicators that allow the control of energy consumption and efficiency of the company in general and of the area with the highest electricity consumption. It was possible to identify that there is a potential savings of up to 6% throughout the company and up to 13% in the area with the highest electrical energy consumption. From an energy review carried out in the area with the highest consumption, motors operating with low load and idle for long periods were identified, as well as a lack of maintenance. Besides, the replacement of traditional technology lamps by LED technology lamps was proposed. The procedure can be generalized in steel industries with similar characteristics, which is one of the sectors that consume the most energy worldwide.Keywords: Electricity, Energy, Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving, Energy Performance Indicator, Steel IndustryJEL Classifications: Q4, L610DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11142</p

Proyecto de emprendimiento para la pequeña empresa Eco-Brick-Ni dedicada a la producción de ladrillos a base de material plástico, ubicada en el municipio de Jinotepe, en el departamento de Carazo, durante el segundo semestre del año 2019

Es importante que cualquier inversión que se quiera hacer en la actualidad se realice de forma metódica y calculada para tratar de disminuir riesgos inherentes en un proyecto. El presente proyecto con enfoque de emprendimiento tiene como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad técnica, económica y financiera de un plan de negocio para la implementación de una pequeña empresa dedicada a la fabricación y comercialización de ladrillos ecológicos. Este proyecto se enfoca en la elaboración de ladrillos de material reciclado especialmente de plástico, este producto se implementara para construcciones a menor escala como casas para mascotas, jardineras entre otras. El ladrillo ecológico presentara propiedades que lo diferencia del ladrillo tradicional debido a que este presenta ensambles que permitirán que la unión entre ladrillos y esquineros sea fácil de usar, contara con un grosor de 2 pulgadas que permitirá ser más resistente al calor, frio y al agua, este producto tendrá una durabilidad muy alta por ser elaborado de un material que dura mucho tiempo en degradarse en el medio ambiente. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se tomaron diversos puntos de vista, que parten desde su diagnóstico en el que se contrasta un estudio de mercado, con varios tipos de viabilidades dentro del concepto de factibilidad, aspectos organizacionales, plan de marketing, planificación y evaluación económica financiera y el análisis de indicadores financieros tales como la tasa interna de retorno (TIR), valor actual neto (VAN), cuyos resultados ayudan a obtener conclusiones y recomendaciones objetivas de la factibilidad que podría presentar el proyecto

Evaluation of bovine Parainfluenza type-3 virus and Influenza virus D participation in bovine respiratory disease of calves from Brazilian family farming

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is responsible for great economic losses in bovine production with major impact on family farming. Among all possible causes of bovine respiratory disease, viruses are commonly categorized as primary etiological agents. The present study aimed to identify the presence of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus and Influenza virus D (IVD) in tracheobronchial fluid samples of healthy calves and calves showing clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.  Samples were collected from 42 family farming farms in São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 141 tracheobronchial fluid samples from healthy calves (n=100) and calves showing clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (n=41) were enrolled in this study.  No sample was positive for both viruses after Real-Time PCR. Serum neutralization for bovine Parainfluenza type 3 virus (bPI-3v) was performed using 88 randomly selected serum samples and antibodies were detected in 45.45% (40/88) samples. Serum reactive samples were detected in both healthy (46.8%; 22/47) and BRD calves (43.9%; 18/41). Regarding antibody titer, numerical differences were detected between healthy (3%) and BRD calves (9%) for titers 128-512 (P &gt; 0.05). The present research was the first that aimed to study the presence of bPI-3V and IVD in family farming herds from São Paulo State, Brazil. This research revealed that bPI-3v is circulating in the region studied and is possibly involved in some BRD cases. On the other hand, IVD was not detected

The Trans-nationalization of the Colombian Amazon

Este ensayo trata las tendencias que, entre las relaciones internacionales, promueven el manejo supra-nacional de ciertas áreas del planeta. Por el valor estratégico para la humanidad, estas zonas requieren protección especial y responsabilidad colectiva dada la incapacidad virtual de los países (que tienen soberanía sobre estas zonas) para conservarlas adecuadamente. Estas tendencias se perciben en la Amazonía, que posee características que hacen de la región deseable no solo como un ecosistema, pero también para intereses que se entretejen en su interior por agentes privados y estatales. Para estudiar estas tendencias e intereses, este estudio comienza durante el periodo de la Guerra Fría en el marco de las interpretaciones teóricas que dominaban el momento. Luego, el estudio avanza hasta el actual periodo temporal en donde la presencia de una serie de factores conflictivos en la Amazonía colombiana, y una equivocada política exterior, podrían justificar la eventual aplicación de estas tendencias, que podrían traer graves consecuencias para Colombia, similares a la perdida de Panamá a comienzos del siglo XX.This essay takes up the tendencies that, within international relations, promote supra-national handling of certain zones of the planet. For the strategic value for humanity, these zones require special protection and collective responsibility given the virtual incapacity of the countries (which have sovereignty over the zones) to conserve them adequately. These tendencies are seen in the Amazon basin, which possesses characteristics that make the region desirable, not only as an eco-system, but aslo for the interests that are woven in its interior by state and private agents. To study these tendencies and interests, this study begins during the period of the cold war within the framework of the theoretical interpretations, which dominated at that moment. Then, the study moves up through the present time period when the presence of a series of conflictive factors in the Colombian Amazon, and a mistaken foreign policy, could justify the eventual application of these tendencies, which could bring grave consequence for Colombia, similar to the loss of Panama at the beginning of the twentieth century